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涓浘鍒嗙被鍙凤細 F830. 59 鏂囩尞鏍囪瘑鐮侊細A DOI锛?0.3969/j.issn.1003-8256.2018.02.011
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鍗＄壒鏀垮簻鏃舵湡鍒跺畾浜嗕竴绯诲垪鍥藉鑳芥簮璁″垝锛岃瘯鍥鹃€氳繃娑堥櫎瀵硅繘鍙ｇ煶娌圭殑渚濊禆锛屾彁楂樿兘婧愭晥鐜囷紝澶у姏鍙戝睍鏂板叴鏇夸唬鑳芥簮鏉ュ疄鐜扮編鍥借兘婧愭斂绛栨敼闈╃殑鐩爣銆?978骞?0鏈?鏃ワ紝鍗＄壒鎬荤粺绛剧讲浜?978骞淬€婂浗瀹惰兘婧愭硶銆嬶紙National Energy Act锛?NEA锛夛紝杩欓」鏂规鍖呮嫭浜嗐€婂浗瀹惰妭鑳芥斂绛栨硶銆嬶紙National Energy Conservation Policy Act锛?NECPA锛夈€併€婄數鍘傚拰宸ヤ笟鐕冩枡浣跨敤娉曘€嬶紙The Power Plant and Industrial Fuel Use Act锛?PIFUA锛夈€併€婂叕鍏变簨涓氬叕鍙哥鐞嗘斂绛栨硶銆嬶紙Public Utilities Regulatory Policy Act锛?PURPA锛夈€併€婅兘婧愮◣鏀舵硶銆嬶紙Energy Tax Act锛孍TA锛夊強銆婂ぉ鐒舵皵鏀跨瓥娉曘€嬶紙Natural Gas Policy Act锛孨GPA锛夈€?980骞撮€氳繃鐨勩€婅兘婧愬畨鍏ㄦ硶銆嬶紙Energy Safety and Security Act锛夊寘鎷€婂彲鍐嶇敓鑳芥簮娉曘€嬶紙Renewable Energy Act锛夈€併€婂お闃宠兘鍜岃兘婧愯妭绾︽硶銆嬶紙Solar energy and Energy Conservation Act锛夈€併€婂湴鐑兘娉曘€嬶紙Geothermal Energy Method锛夈€併€婄敓鐗╂妧鑳藉拰閰掔簿鐕冩枡娉曘€嬶紙Biological Skills and Alcohol Fuel Act锛夌瓑鏄崱鐗规斂搴滃疄鐜版竻娲佽兘婧愪唬鏇夸紶缁熻兘婧愮洰鏍囩殑绔嬫硶淇濋殰銆傝櫧鐒舵病鏈変粠鏍规湰涓婄紦瑙ｈ兘婧愬嵄鏈哄甫鏉ョ殑娑堟瀬褰卞搷锛屼絾缇庡浗鈥滆兘婧愮嫭绔嬧€濇斂绛栨墍鍏虫敞鐨勬柟鍚戝紑濮嬫湁鎵€鍙樺寲锛屽崱鐗规斂搴滃嚭鍙扮殑涓€绯诲垪鑳芥簮鏀跨瓥鍜屾硶瑙勫湪缇庡浗鑳芥簮鐙珛鍙戝睍鍙蹭笂鍗犳湁閲嶈鐨勫湴浣嶃€?/p>
闅忕潃鐭虫补鍗辨満鐨勪綑娉㈤€愭笎娑堥€濓紝缇庡浗鍥藉唴鑳芥簮甯傚満鐨勭З搴忓緱鍒颁簡涓€瀹氱殑鎭㈠锛屾斂搴滅殑骞查涓ラ噸闄愬埗浜嗚兘婧愬競鍦虹殑鍋ュ悍鍙戝睍锛屽浗鍐呰兘婧愬競鍦轰笌鍥介檯鑳芥簮甯傚満琚汉涓洪殧绂伙紝瀵艰嚧鍥藉唴鑳芥簮鐢熶骇鎴愭湰澧炲姞銆傜敱姝ら噷鏍规斂搴滃紑濮嬩簡鑷敱甯傚満鍖栨敼闈╋紝鍒跺畾浜嗗急鍖栨斂搴滃共棰勭殑鑳芥簮鏀跨瓥銆?981骞?鏈堬紝閲屾牴鏀垮簻缁撴潫瀵瑰浗鍐呮补浠风殑鎺у埗锛屼娇缇庡浗鐭虫补浠锋牸涓庝笘鐣屽競鍦虹煶娌逛环鏍煎疄鐜版帴杞ㄣ€?982骞达紝鍥戒細搴熼櫎浜?975骞淬€婅兘婧愭斂绛栧拰鑺傝兘娉曘€嬶紙Energy Policy and Conservation Act锛?EPCA锛夛紝杩涗竴姝ユ斁鏉句簡瀵硅兘婧愮殑绠″埗銆?/p>
1.2 鈥滆兘婧愮嫭绔嬧€濇斂绛栫殑鍙戝睍鏃舵湡锛堝皬甯冧粈鏀垮簻-甯冧粈鏀垮簻锛?/p>
21涓栫邯鍒濇槸缇庡浗鈥滆兘婧愮嫭绔嬧€濇斂绛栧彂灞曞巻鍙查潪甯搁噸瑕佺殑鏃舵湡銆傚皬甯冧粈鏀垮簻灏嗕互鏂拌兘婧愪负鏍稿績鐨勬柊鍏存垬鐣ヤ骇涓氱撼鍏ュ埌浜嗗畯瑙傝鍒掍箣涓紝鈥滆兘婧愮嫭绔嬧€濊秼鍔夸篃鏈夋墍鍔犲己銆?/p>
1990骞达紝甯冧粈鏀垮簻棰佸竷浜嗐€?992骞磋兘婧愭斂绛栨硶銆嬶紙Energy Policy Act of 1992锛夛紝骞跺強鏃跺姩鐢ㄤ簡鎴樼暐鐭虫补鍌ㄥ锛屽噺杞讳簡杩欐鍗辨満瀵圭編鍥界殑褰卞搷銆傚厠鏋楅】鎵ф斂鏃舵湡鍚屾牱缁ф壙浜嗗墠浠绘€荤粺鐨勮兘婧愭斂绛栫悊蹇碉紝娉ㄩ噸甯傚満鐨勪綔鐢紝浣嗕篃鏇村己璋冨甯傚満鐨勮鍒掓寚瀵硷紝骞跺湪1997骞存彁浜や簡銆婅仈閭︽斂搴滀负杩庢帴21涓栫邯鎸戞垬鐨勮兘婧愮爺鍙戞姤鍛娿€嬨€?/p>
2001骞?鏈堬紝甯冧粈鏀垮簻鍏竷浜嗐€婂浗瀹惰兘婧愭斂绛栥€嬶紙National Energy Policy锛夛紝寮鸿皟缇庡浗闇€瑕佷竴涓叏闈€佸畬鏁淬€佸潎琛＄殑鑳芥簮鏀跨瓥锛屼富瑕佹帾鏂芥湁锛氬姞寮洪樋鎷夋柉鍔犲湴鍖哄拰瑗块儴鍦板尯鐨勭煶娌瑰嫎鎺㈠苟杩涜鎴樼暐鍌ㄥ锛涘湪鍥藉唴鎻愬€¤妭鑳藉拰鎻愰珮鑳芥晥锛涘鍔犲浗鍐呰兘婧愪緵搴旈噺锛屽噺灏戝鍥藉鑳芥簮鐨勪緷璧栵紱鍙戝睍鍙浛浠ｈ兘婧愪娇鑳芥簮渚涘簲澶氭牱鍖栵紝澶у姏鍙戝睍鏍歌兘锛屼絾瑕佺户缁彂鎸ョ叅鐢电殑涓诲浣滅敤浠ヤ繚璇佺數鍔涗緵搴旓紱鏀瑰杽鑳芥簮鍩虹璁炬柦锛屼繚璇佽兘婧愯緭閫侀€氱晠銆傛鍚庯紝缇庡浗鏀垮簻鍦?002鍜?003骞村張鍑哄彴浜嗕袱椤逛笓椤硅鍒掆€斺€斻€婃竻娲佺叅鍙戠數璁″垝銆嬶紙Clean Coal Power Generation Plan锛夊拰銆婃阿鐕冩枡璁″垝銆嬶紙Hydrogen Fuel Initiative锛夈€傘€婃竻娲佺叅璁″垝銆嬶紙Clean Coal Power Generation Plan锛夋敮鎸佷紒涓氬拰鏀垮簻寤虹珛鍚堜綔鍏崇郴锛屽叡鍚屽缓璁剧ず鑼冩€ф竻娲佺叅鍙戠數鍘傦紝鍔犲揩寮€鍙戞竻娲佺叅鎶€鏈殑鍙戝睍銆傘€婃阿鐕冩枡璁″垝銆嬶紙Hydrogen Fuel Initiative锛夎鍒掓姇璧?2浜跨編鍏冪敤浜庢阿鐕冩枡鍜屾阿鐕冩枡姹借溅鐨勬彁鍙栧拰鐮斿彂銆?005骞村竷浠€鏀垮簻鍑哄彴浜嗐€?005骞磋兘婧愭斂绛栨硶銆嬶紙Energy Policy Act of 2005锛夈€傝娉曟鎻愬嚭浜嗕负鏈熷崄骞寸殑涓€鎻藉瓙鑳芥簮鍙戝睍娉曟锛屾秹鍙婂杈?8涓鍩燂細鑳芥簮鏁堢巼銆佸彲鍐嶇敓璧勬簮銆佺叅鐐€佺煶娌广€佸ぉ鐒舵皵銆佹牳鐢点€佽溅杈嗗拰鐕冩枡銆佹阿鑳芥簮銆佺爺绌跺拰寮€鍙戙€佷汉鍛樺煿璁€佽兘婧愮鐞嗐€佺◣鏀朵紭鎯犳斂绛栥€佺數鍔涖€佽法瀛︾銆佷箼閱囧拰鏈哄姩杞︾噧鏂欍€佹皵鍊欏彉鍖栥€佸垱鏂版妧鏈強鐩稿叧鐮旂┒銆傞拡瀵硅繖浜涢鍩燂紝娉曟鏄庣‘瑙勫畾浜嗚祫鍔┿€佺◣鏀舵縺鍔卞拰璐锋鐨勯搴︺€傚湪鐭虫补鍌ㄥ鏂归潰锛屾彁鍑鸿鍔犲己杩戞捣鎴樼暐鐭虫补鍌ㄥ锛屽苟灏嗘垬鐣ョ煶娌瑰偍澶囩敱7浜挎《澧炲姞鍒?0浜挎《銆傝€屽湪姝ゅ悗鐨?007骞寸殑鍦嬫儏鍜ㄦ枃涓紝鍙堟彁鍑哄皢鎴樼暐鐭虫补鍌ㄥ澧炲姞鍒?5浜挎《銆傛澶栵紝銆?005骞磋兘婧愭斂绛栨硶銆嬶紙Energy Policy Act of 2005锛夎繕棣栨灏嗗寳缇庤兘婧愯嚜缁欏垪鍏ュ浗瀹惰兘婧愭垬鐣ヨ鍒掍箣涓紝璁″垝閫氳繃鍔犲己鍖楃編鍖哄煙鍚堜綔鏉ュ疄鐜板浗鍐呰兘婧愯嚜缁欒嚜瓒炽€傘€?005骞磋兘婧愭斂绛栨硶銆嬶紙Energy Policy Act of 2005锛夋眹闆嗕簡缇庡浗40澶氬勾鐨勮兘婧愭斂绛栵紝琚獕涓虹編鍥借兘婧愰潰鍚?1涓栫邯鐨勨€滄湭鏉ヤ箣娉曗€濄€?/p>
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[1]鍒樺缓姹燂紝閭硅姳鍏帮紝鍞愬織鑹?缇庡浗鑳芥簮鐙珛锛氬姩鍥犮€佷妇鎺強褰卞搷鐮旂┒[J].婀栧崡甯堣寖澶у绀句細绉戝瀛︽姤锛?016锛?锛夛細116-125.
[2]浣欏浗鍚?缇庡浗鈥滆兘婧愮嫭绔嬧€濇垬鐣ュ涓浗鑳芥簮瀹夊叏鐨勫惎绀篬J].涓浗鐭夸笟锛?013锛?锛夛細22-25.
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锛堢紪杈戯細閭垫尝锛?/p>
Abstract锛歐ith the increasing trend of global globalization and the increasing concern about energy security in the world锛宔nergy security has become a common concern and a huge challenge in the world.This paper divides the evolution of the policy of "energy independence" in the United States into five periods锛歜udding锛宒evelopment and maturation.based on this锛宼he policy content and policy results of 50 years of"energy independence"are analyzed.The evolution and the policy content of the "energy independence" policy of the United States has great benefits for China's "energy independence" policy and the initiative in the world energy competition.
Keywords锛歟nergy independence锛沺olicy evolution锛泃echnological innovation
