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锛堜簩锛夋ā鍨嬫瀯寤轰笌鐮旂┒鍋囪
鏍规嵁鐩稿叧鐞嗚浠ュ強鍚嶅笀缃戠粶宸ヤ綔瀹ゆ暀甯堟椿鍔ㄥ疄闄呭弬涓庢儏鍐碉紝鏈爺绌舵彁鍑哄悕甯堢綉缁滃伐浣滃鏁欏笀鎸佺画鍙備笌鎰忔効褰卞搷鍥犵礌鍋囪妯″瀷锛岃鍥?銆傝妯″瀷鐨勫閮ㄥ彉閲忓寘鎷富瑙傝鑼冦€佸伐浣滄敮鎸併€佷績鎴愬洜绱犮€佽嚜鎴戞晥鑳芥劅锛岃繖浜涘洜绱犵洿鎺ユ垨闂存帴褰卞搷鏁欏笀瀵瑰悕甯堢綉缁滃伐浣滃鏄撶敤鎬с€佹湁鐢ㄦ€х殑鎰熺煡锛岃繘鑰屽奖鍝嶆暀甯堢殑鍙備笌鎬佸害鍜屾寔缁弬涓庣殑鎰忔効涓庤涓恒€?/p>
1.涓昏瑙勮寖
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H1锛氫富瑙傝鑼冨鏁欏笀鎰熺煡鍚嶅笀缃戠粶宸ヤ綔瀹ょ殑鏈夌敤鎬т骇鐢熺洿鎺ユ鍚戝奖鍝嶏紝骞堕棿鎺ュ奖鍝嶆暀甯堢殑鍙備笌鎬佸害鍜屾寔缁弬涓庢剰鎰裤€?/p>
2.宸ヤ綔鏀寔
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H2锛氬伐浣滄敮鎸佸鏁欏笀鎰熺煡鍚嶅笀缃戠粶宸ヤ綔瀹ょ殑鏈夌敤鎬т骇鐢熺洿鎺ユ鍚戝奖鍝嶏紝骞堕棿鎺ュ奖鍝嶆暀甯堢殑鍙備笌鎬佸害涓庢寔缁弬涓庢剰鎰裤€?/p>
3.淇冩垚鍥犵礌
淇冩垚鍥犵礌鏄寚鏁欏笀璁や负鍦ㄤ竴瀹氱▼搴︿笂褰卞搷鍏跺喅瀹氫娇鐢ㄦ妧鏈殑涓汉鍥犵礌鎴栬祫婧怺24]銆傛暀甯堥渶瑕佸叿澶囦竴瀹氱殑鎶€鑳藉拰鐔熺粌浣跨敤璇ュ钩鍙扮殑鑳藉姏锛岃兘鏍规嵁鑷繁鐨勯渶瑕佸彇鑸嶅涔犲唴瀹癸紝涓庡叾浠栧府鍔╄€呬箣闂村缓绔嬩簰鍔ㄨ仈绯汇€傚洜姝ゆ彁鍑轰互涓嬪亣璁撅細
H3锛氫績鎴愬洜绱犲鏁欏笀鎰熺煡鍚嶅笀缃戠粶宸ヤ綔瀹ょ殑鏄撶敤鎬т骇鐢熺洿鎺ユ鍚戝奖鍝嶏紝骞堕棿鎺ュ奖鍝嶆暀甯堢殑鍙備笌鎬佸害鍜屾寔缁弬涓庢剰鎰裤€?/p>
4.鑷垜鏁堣兘鎰?/p>
鑷垜鏁堣兘鎰熸槸涓€绉嶅叧閿殑鑷垜璋冭妭璁ょ煡锛屾寚涓綋瀵硅嚜宸辨槸鍚︽湁鑳藉姏瀹屾垚鏌愪竴琛屼负鎵€杩涜鐨勬帹娴嬩笌鍒ゆ柇[25]銆傜綉缁滅爺淇幆澧冧笅鏁欏笀鑷垜鏁堣兘鎰熷鍏朵笓涓氬彂灞曞叿鏈夋樉钁楀奖鍝峓26]锛屼富瑕佹槸鎸囨暀甯堝弬涓庡悕甯堢綉缁滃伐浣滃鑳藉鐙珛瀹屾垚鐮斾慨娲诲姩銆佷富棰樻帰璁ㄧ瓑鍐呭骞跺皢瀛︿範鏀惰幏鍒嗕韩缁欏叾浠栨垚鍛樼殑鑷俊浣撶幇銆傚洜姝ゆ彁鍑轰互涓嬪亣璁撅細
H4锛氳嚜鎴戞晥鑳芥劅瀵规暀甯堟劅鐭ュ悕甯堢綉缁滃伐浣滃鐨勬槗鐢ㄦ€т骇鐢熺洿鎺ユ鍚戝奖鍝嶏紝骞堕棿鎺ュ奖鍝嶆暀甯堢殑鍙備笌鎬佸害鍜屾寔缁弬涓庢剰鎰裤€?/p>
5.鎰熺煡鏈夌敤鎬у強鎰熺煡鏄撶敤鎬?/p>
鎰熺煡鏈夌敤鎬ф槸鎸囨暀甯堣涓轰娇鐢ㄦ妧鏈細鎻愰珮鍏跺伐浣滆〃鐜般€傛劅鐭ユ槗鐢ㄦ€ф槸鎸囨暀甯堣涓轰娇鐢ㄦ妧鏈垨宸ュ叿鏃堕渶瑕佹姇鍏ョ殑绋嬪害[27]銆傚湪宸叉湁鐮旂┒涓劅鐭ユ湁鐢ㄦ€у拰鎰熺煡鏄撶敤鎬т綔涓轰腑浠嬪彉閲忛€氳繃浣跨敤鎬佸害闂存帴褰卞搷鏁欏笀鎸佺画鍙備笌鎰忔効锛屽叾鎰熺煡鏄撶敤鎬у鎰熺煡鏈夌敤鎬у叿鏈夌洿鎺ュ奖鍝嶃€傚洜姝ゆ彁鍑轰互涓嬪亣璁撅細
H5锛氭劅鐭ユ槗鐢ㄦ€у鎰熺煡鏈夌敤鎬т骇鐢熺洿鎺ユ鍚戝奖鍝?
H6锛氭劅鐭ユ湁鐢ㄦ€у鏁欏笀鍙備笌鎬佸害浜х敓鐩存帴姝e悜褰卞搷锛屽苟闂存帴褰卞搷鏁欏笀鎸佺画鍙備笌鎰忔効;
H7锛氭劅鐭ユ槗鐢ㄦ€у鏁欏笀鍙備笌鎬佸害浜х敓鐩存帴姝e悜褰卞搷锛屽苟闂存帴褰卞搷鏁欏笀鎸佺画鍙備笌鎰忔効銆?/p>
6.鍙備笌鎬佸害
鍙備笌鎬佸害鏄寚鏁欏笀瀵逛娇鐢ㄦ妧鏈垨鑰呭弬涓庢椿鍔ㄤ富瑙備笂鎸佺Н鏋佺▼搴28]銆傛牴鎹鍒掕涓虹悊璁猴紝鎬佸害灏嗕細褰卞搷鍙備笌鎰忔効锛屽鏋滄暀甯堟湁绉瀬鐨勬€佸害锛屽垯浼氭湁鏇村己鐑堟剰鎰垮幓鎺ュ彈骞跺弬涓庡悕甯堢綉缁滃伐浣滃銆傚洜姝ゆ彁鍑轰互涓嬪亣璁撅細
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7.鎸佺画鍙備笌鎰忔効
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鍥涖€佺爺绌舵暟鎹殑鏀堕泦涓庡垎鏋?/p>
锛堜竴锛夐棶鍗疯璁′笌鏁版嵁鏀堕泦
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1.鎻忚堪缁熻鍒嗘瀽
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Research on the Influence Factors of TeachersWillingness to Participate in Research Activities from the Perspective of Reciprocal Determinism
鈥斺€擜 Case Study of Famous Teacher Network Studio in Vocational Education
Li Haojun锛?Tang Yan锛?He Jiale
Abstract聽 The famous teacher network studio is an important model for teacher network training. From the perspective of reciprocal determinism锛?this paper interprets the internal interactive relationship of famous teachersnetwork studio and explores the influence mechanism of teacherswillingness to participate in research activities continuously. The results show that the subjective norms and work support have a direct positive effect on the perceived usefulness of teachers to the activities of famous teachersonline studios; contributing factors and self-efficacy directly affect the perceived ease of use of teachers' online studio activities锛?and the self-efficacy has a large effects; perceived ease of use has a greater effect on teachersparticipation attitude than perceived usefulness锛?thus affecting teacherswillingness to participate. Thus锛?four countermeasures are proposed锛?To establish an interactive community of teachers based on individual needs; to create an efficient interactive environment based on鈥淚nternet+platform+resources鈥? to improve teacher participation taking鈥淪ervice+incentive mechanism鈥漚s the guarantee; to establish linkage of teaching and research community taking mixed research and study activities as the link.
Key words聽 reciprocal determinism; research and training of teachers; vocational education; famous teacher network studio; continuous willingness to participate; teachers professional development
Author聽 Li Haojun锛?professor of College of Education and Technology of Zhejiang University of Industry 锛圚angzhou 310023锛? Tang Yan锛?postgraduate student of College of Education and Technlogy of Zhejiang University of Industry; He Jiale锛?College of Education and Technology of Zhejiang University of Industry



