【摘要】继《浙江省深化高校考试招生制度综合改革试点方案》正式出台后，2016年10月迎来了首次新高考。其试题与往届最大区别在于出现了新的写作题型——读后续写。写作，不再是纯粹的写，而是需要把读和写结合，要求学生在读后理解的基础上再进行构思表达，使故事完整;不再是简单地翻译题目要求，使用若干衔接词，运用高级词汇句式，而是更注重语篇的连贯性，情节的合理性及语言的丰富性。其中，场景描写是故事续写的重点之一。如何达到这样的要求是一线英语教师们正在努力和积极探索的。而本篇文章以首次新高考写作试题为载体，旨在指导学生运用场景描写来提高写作表达能力。
【关键词】场景描写;读后续写;高考试题;动态场景;静态场景
【作者简介】金琳，浙江省宁波市鄞州高级中学。
一、了解场景描写常见类型
1.动态场景和静态场景。动态场景有描写声音的（例1），也有描写动作的（例2）。
例1：Somewhere， a branch snapped， an owl hooted. The wind， soft and cold， clicked through tree branches， from below， the faint sound of water tumbling through the valley.
例2：I climbed the fence and jumped onto the muddy field a few feet away from my house and started running towards the bus stop at top speed.
而静态场景多以描写静物为主，如客观物件，自然景观，静态环境（例3）。
例3：The house was very old and shabby， and its owner was hardly ever seen to come out.
2.社会场景和自然场景。社会场景包括生活、工作、家庭、活动等各种非自然场景。如：At least two dozen kites already hung in the sky， like paper sharks roaming for prey. Within an hour， the number doubled， the red， blue， and yellow kites glided and spun in the sky.
而所谓的自然场景就是对自然环境的描写。如：By three oclock， the rain had stopped and the sky was a curdled gray burdened with lumps of clouds. A cool breeze blew through the park.
二、2016年十月高考试题原材料场景描写分析
One weekend in July， Jane and her husband， Tom， had driven three hours to camp overnight by a lake in the forest. Unfortunately， on the way an unpleasant subject came up and they started to quarrel. By the time they reached the lake， Jane was so angry that she said to Tom. “Im going to find a better spot for us to camp” and walked away. （动作场景：驱车、吵架、生气。）
With no path to follow， Jane just walked on for quite a long time. After she had climbed to a high place， she turned around， hoping to see the lake. To her surprise， she saw nothing but forest and， far beyond， a snowcapped mountain top. She suddenly realized that she was lost. （自然場景：无路可走，一片森林，远处的雪山;动作场景：爬上高地，回头，看。）
Jane rose at the break of day， hungry and thirsty. She could hear water trickling （滴落） somewhere at a distance. Quickly she followed the sound to a stream. To her great joy， she also saw some berry bushes. She drank and ate a few berries. Never in her life had she tasted anything better. Feeling stronger now， Jane began to walk along the stream and hope it would lead her to the lake. （社会场景：起床，又饿又渴;动态场景：水声，跟随，看到，喝，吃，继续走。）
所给段首：
Paragraph 1： But no more helicopters came and it was getting dark again.
Paragraph 2： It was day break when Jane woke up.
三、场景描写的作用
通过阅读原材料及对原材料场景描写的分析，我们可以发现，在故事叙述中添加场景描写不仅能有助于锁定故事发生的地点，了解该地点现场情况，还能渲染故事氛围，增添画面感，产生呼应并烘托人物心理活动的积极作用。
我们可以对比下面两份学生习作来更好地感受一下：
學生习作1：Jane felt hungry. She kept walking in the woods and couldnt find the lake or the stream. “Tom， help！” Jane shouted though she knew it is helpless.
学生习作2：Deep in the woods， Jane could only hear the sound of wind. Everywhere are high trees over 20 meters. No light. No Tom. Feeling hopeless and uneasy， she sat down on the edge of a huge rock and cried.
诊断：两段文字均描写了Jane在森林里的情况，但习作2相比较1而言，加入了许多引人入胜的场景描述。这些语句形象地描述了当时森林漆黑一片的场景，烘托出Jane极其孤单、害怕无助的心理，增添了故事的真实性，让读者有强烈的画面感，仿佛亲临其境。
四、如何开展场景描写
1.一正一反两相宜。写作中，无论大家想描述什么样的场景，我们都可以从正反两个角度去构思，正面直接描写，反面对比衬托。我们来看第一组正面直接描写的例子：
例4：Deep in the woods， Jane could only hear the sound of wind. Everywhere are high trees over 20 meters. No light. No Tom. Feeling hopeless and uneasy， she sat down on the edge of a huge rock and cried.
例4中 “Deep in the woods， everywhere are high trees. No light， no Tom.”（树林深处，丛林密布，没有灯光，没有Tom）这样对自然环境直接的描述有效烘托了Jane非常hopeless， uneasy的心理。
反面对比衬托我们来看第二组例子：
例5：My kids and I were excitedly heading into the supermarket over the weekend. On the way， we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said， “Lost my job. Family to feed.”
例5中对比“My kids and I were excitedly heading into the market”和某人“Lost my job. Family to feed”两种完全相反的处境，形象衬托出了 “The man is in great need of help”的情况，为下文主人公和孩子们伸出援助之手做了很好的铺垫。
2. 突出细节活剧情。借助正反两种方法的同时，我们在进行场景渲染时，还可以适当突出一些细节来使情节更加活泼生动。请大家看下面这个场景：
Dario和妈妈很喜欢他们的新公寓。客厅足够大容下他们的钢琴。那一晚他们俩弹了一曲来庆祝搬了新家。
比较下面两种描写：
①Dario and his mother loved their new apartment. The living room was large enough for their piano. That night， they played a song to celebrate their new home.
②Dario and his mother loved their new apartment. The living room was large enough for their piano. That night， the two of them sat side by side at the piano. They played jazz music to celebrate their new home. The beautiful music filled the room and made them feel very happy.
很明显，第二个描写加入了许多引人入胜的细节，这些细节的添加使故事内容更加饱满，故事环境容易使读者产生共鸣，同时，也使故事角色更加真实形象。
3. 修饰性词语巧妙用。从上一点，我们可以看到许多细节的加入使故事情节变得更加活泼生动。其实，除此之外，我们还可以灵活使用一些简单的形容词、副词，使描写的对象形象化，发生的动作清晰化。这也是实际写作时许多同学忽略的好办法。请看10月高考试题学生写的例子：With the time going by， Jane woke up.
想象一下当时的场景，我们可以加入一些简单的形容词副词，突出人物当时的所处的环境和心理。再看修改后的这个例子：With time going by， Jane woke up， hungry and thirsty.
五、结语
场景描写是故事叙述中非常重要的手段。合适的场景描写，有利于铺垫出合理的续写情节，既能丰富文章的语言和内容，深化故事的脉络，又能唤起读者的共鸣，使阅读者有身临其境的感觉。场景描写的方法很多，不论是借助正反角度，关注故事各种细节，还是灵活运用修饰性词语，在读后续写中都具有很强的操作性。
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