鑲栧垬鏀胯妰
鎽樎?瑕侊細浣撹偛涓庢€у埆涓嶅钩绛夐棶棰樺瓨鍦ㄥ瘑鍒囪仈绯伙紝涓斿彈濂虫潈杩愬姩褰卞搷锛屾垨灏嗘垚涓烘湭鏉ユ柊涓€鐮旂┒鐑偣銆傝鐮旂┒閫氳繃鏂囩尞璧勬枡娉曪紝鎼滈泦鍥藉唴澶栫浉鍏崇爺绌跺苟杩涜缁艰堪锛屽彂鐜板浗澶栨枃鐚眰娆′赴瀵岋紝浠庡搴€佺ぞ浼氥€佹硶寰嬩互鍙婃満鏋勭瓑灞傞潰瀵逛綋鑲查鍩熺殑鎬у埆涓嶅钩绛夌幇璞¤繘琛屽墫鏋愶紝鍥藉唴鐮旂┒澶氫粠濂虫潈涓讳箟瑙嗚鍑哄彂锛岀爺绌舵洿鍔犵悊璁哄寲銆傚浗鍐呭鐮旂┒閮戒互濯掍粙鐮旂┒灞呭锛屾湭鏉ョ爺绌跺彲閫夋嫨娉曞緥銆佹枃鍖栥€佸搴瓑鐗瑰畾瑙嗚杩涗竴姝ラ槓杩般€?/p>
鍏抽敭璇嶏細浣撹偛聽 鎬у埆涓嶅钩绛壜?濂虫€т富涔壜?浜屽厓鎬у埆閫昏緫
Abstract锛?Sports is closely related to gender inequality and influenced by women's rights movement锛?it may become a new research hot spot in the future. Through the method of literature review锛?this study collected relevant research at home and abroad and found that the foreign literature level is rich from the family锛?social锛?legal and institutional level of gender inequality in the field of sports analysis锛?domestic research mostly from the perspective of feminism and it is more theoretical. Most of the researches at home and abroad focus on media research. In the future锛?we can choose specific perspectives such as law锛?culture and family to elaborate further.
Key Words锛?Sports; Gender inequality; Feminism; Dual gender logic
浣撹偛涓庢€у埆涓嶅钩绛夐棶棰樹箣闂村瓨鍦ㄧ潃绱у瘑鐨勮仈绯伙紝涓€鏂归潰锛屼綋鑲叉槸涓€涓敺濂充箣闂翠笉骞崇瓑浠嶇劧鏅亶瀛樺湪鐨勯鍩燂紝骞跺線寰€鍚堟硶鍖朳1]銆傚彟涓€鏂归潰浣撹偛浣滀负鑾峰彇韬綋鑷敱銆佽幏寰楁潈鍔涘钩绛夈€佹秷闄ゆ€у埆姝ц閲嶈閫斿緞锛屽浜庢敼鍙樻€у埆涓嶅钩绛夌幇鐘跺叿鏈夌Н鏋佹剰涔夈€傝€屼笖锛岄殢鐫€濂虫潈涓讳箟杩愬姩鐨勮摤鍕冨彂灞曪紝鎬у埆涓嶅钩绛夐棶棰樺湪瀛︾晫寰楀埌瓒婃潵瓒婂鐨勯噸瑙嗭紝鍥犳鏈夊繀瑕佸璇ラ鍩熷凡鏈夋垚鏋滆繘琛岀患杩般€?/p>
1聽 鍥藉鐮旂┒缁艰堪
1978骞村寳缇庡嚭鐗堢殑鍗℃礇路濂ユ牸灏旂储鏅紪杈戠殑銆婂コ鎬т綋鑲诧細浠庣璇濆埌鐜板疄銆嬩互鍙婂畨路闇嶅皵鐨勩€婁綋鑲茬ぞ浼氬涓殑濂虫€т富涔夎鐐广€嬶紝杩欎袱鏈功鐨勫嚭鐗堟爣蹇楃潃瑗挎柟浣撹偛绀句細瀛﹀悜濂虫€х悊璁虹爺绌剁殑杞悜銆?/p>
鐩墠锛屽浗澶栧湪鎬у埆骞崇瓑棰嗗煙鐨勭爺绌跺彇寰椾簡涓扮鐨勬垚鏋滐紝骞朵笖鏂拌繎鐨勭爺绌舵垚鏋滃眰鍑轰笉绌枫€傝繖浜涚爺绌舵壙璁や綋鑲查鍩熸櫘閬嶅瓨鍦ㄦ€у埆涓嶅钩绛夌殑鐘舵€侊紝璁や负浣撹偛棰嗗煙鐨勪笉骞崇瓑涓昏琛ㄧ幇涓轰綋鑲茬鐞嗐€佸コ鎬т綋鑲插弬涓庛€佸コ鎬у獟浠嬪憟鐜般€佷綋鑲叉暀鑲叉€у埆涓嶅钩绛夈€佸コ鎬ц浼楀拰濂虫€ф柊闂诲伐浣滆€呯瓑鍚勪釜棰嗗煙鐨勪笉骞崇瓑銆傝繖绉嶄笉骞崇瓑鏄敱瀹跺涵銆佸鏍°€佺ぞ浼氥€佹満鏋勫甫鏉ョ殑锛屽叾鏍规簮鍦ㄤ簬浜屽厓鎬у埆閫昏緫锛岃繖浣垮緱浣撹偛鎴愪负棰傛壃鐢锋€ф皵璐ㄧ殑鍦哄煙銆?/p>
1.1 绀句細锛氭牴娣辫拏鍥虹殑浜屽厓鎬у埆閫昏緫
绉戝厠鍒╁湪鍏惰憲浣溿€婁綋鑲茬ぞ浼氬銆嬩腑瀵归€犳垚浣撹偛棰嗗煙濂虫€у急鍔垮湴浣嶇殑鎬у埆閫昏緫杩涜浜嗘繁鍏ョ殑鍓栨瀽锛屼粬璁や负锛屼綋鑲蹭腑瀛樺湪涓ゆ潯闅愭€х殑鎬у埆閫昏緫閾炬潯锛岀涓€鏉℃槸鐢峰コ鏈夊埆锛岄櫎浜嗙敓鑲蹭箣澶栵紝鐢锋€х壒璐ㄥぉ鐢熶紭浜庡コ鎬э紝鍦ㄦ鍩虹涓婅鐢熷嚭绗簩鏉￠€昏緫閾炬潯璁や负鐢锋€у繀椤讳繚鎶ゅコ鎬э紝鍥犱负鐢锋€уぉ鐢熷己澹笖瀵屾湁杩涙敾鎬э紝濂虫€уぉ鐢熻櫄寮变笖琚姩銆傚湪杩欐牱鐨勬€у埆閫昏緫涔嬩笅锛屼綋鑲叉垚涓轰簡瀵圭敺瀛愭皵姒傜殑棰傛壃锛屼竴鍒囦笉绗﹀悎浼犵粺鐨勭敺鎬у拰濂虫€ф皵璐ㄧ殑浜洪兘浼氳杈圭紭鍖栵紝姣斿浠栧湪鍏惰憲浣滀腑鎻愬埌鐨勨€滈噹涓ご鈥濆拰鈥滃濞樿厰鈥漑2]銆?/p>
1.2 娉曞緥锛氣€滅涔濇潯鈥?/p>
鐐轰簡鏀瑰彉绀句細鏅亶瀛樺湪鐨勬€у埆姝ц锛?972骞达紝缇庡浗鍥戒細棰佸竷浜嗐€婄患鍚堟暀鑲叉硶銆嬬涔濇潯锛屼互纭繚鎺ュ彈鑱旈偊璧勫姪鐨勯珮绛夋暀鑲叉満鏋勪负鐢峰コ瀛︾敓鎻愪緵骞崇瓑鐨勬満浼歔3]銆傜涔濇潯娉曚护瑙勫畾锛氣€滃湪鎺ュ彈鑱旈偊璐㈡斂鎻村姪鐨勪换浣曟暀鑲查」鐩垨娲诲姩涓紝缇庡浗澧冨唴鐨勪换浣曚汉涓嶅緱鍥犳€у埆鑰岃鎺掗櫎鍦ㄥ弬涓庤寖鍥翠箣澶栥€佽鍓ュず鍙楃泭鐨勬潈鍒╂垨閬彈姝ц銆傗€?/p>
瀹冨湪鏈€鍒濆紑鍙戞椂骞舵病鏈夊叿浣撴彁鍒拌繍鍔ㄦ満浼氾紝鐒惰€岋紝鍚庢潵鐨勮В閲婂拰娉曞涵妗堜緥瀹氫笅浜嗚繖鏍风殑鍩鸿皟锛屽嵆鐢板緞杩愬姩鐨勬満浼氫篃瑕侀伒寰繖涓€鏍囧噯銆傛墍浠ワ紝瀹冩渶鍒濇槸涓轰簡纭繚鐢锋€у拰濂虫€т韩鏈夊钩绛夌殑鏁欒偛鏈轰細锛屼絾鏈€缁堣鐢ㄤ簬涓哄コ鎬у垱閫犲钩绛夌殑浣撹偛鏈轰細銆?/p>
缇庡浗娉曞緥涓哄濂冲湪浣撹偛鏂归潰鍒涢€犱簡鏇村鐨勬満浼氾紝渚嬪鍝堜竵涓庢€€鐗硅禌寰锋寚鍑猴紝褰撳コ鎬т綋鑲插弬涓庤€呯殑鈥滃皬鏁呬簨鈥濇渶缁堜笉鏀寔濂虫€цВ鏀剧殑鐩爣锛屽嵆鍦颁綅骞崇瓑骞堕潪浣滀负涓€涓病鏈夋敹鍏ョ殑濂虫€ф潈鍒╋紝杩欎簺鏁呬簨鍙互瑙ｉ噴鍏充簬骞崇瓑鍜屾€у埆骞崇瓑鐨勮瑙ｏ紝鏈€缁堟寫鎴樻€у埆鎰忚瘑褰㈡€乕4]銆備絾涔熸湁鐮旂┒璁や负瀹冨湪鍑忓皯濡囧コ鍦ㄤ綋鑲叉柟闈㈢殑鍒绘澘鍗拌薄鏂归潰鏀舵晥鐢氬井[5]銆?/p>
1.3 瀹跺涵锛氫唬闄呬紶鎵夸笌鎬у埆鏈熸湜鐨勫眬闄?/p>
浣撹偛濂虫€т富涔夎€呭彜鐟熺憺鍜岀鏂揪璁や负鏈変袱澶у埗绾﹀コ鎬т綋鑲插弬涓庣殑涓昏鍘熷洜锛屼竴鏄粡娴庡埗绾︼紝浜屾槸瀹跺涵瑙掕壊鐨勯檺鍒禰6]銆?/p>
濂虫€у湪闈掑皯骞存椂鏈熺殑浣撹偛鍙備笌鍙椾唬闄呭奖鍝嶅緢娣憋紝涓€椤瑰叧浜庡搴绌嗘柉鏋楀勾杞诲濂冲弬涓庝綋鑲茶繍鍔ㄧ殑褰卞搷鐨勭爺绌舵敮鎸佷簡杩欎竴瑙傜偣锛屽彂鐜扮埗姣嶅骞磋交濡囧コ鍙備笌浣撹偛椤圭洰鍙婂叾鏁翠釜鐢熸椿瀛樺湪骞挎硾褰卞搷[7]銆備竴椤归拡瀵瑰皯濂充綋鑲插弬涓庣殑闂嵎璋冩煡琛ㄦ槑锛岀埗姣嶄綋鑲茶祫鏈拰瀛︽牎鏁欒偛璁″垝浠嶇劧鏄奖鍝嶅コ鎬ч潚灏戝勾绉瀬鍙備笌浼戦棽浣撹偛娲诲姩鐨勯噸瑕佺ぞ浼氭枃鍖栧洜绱狅紝鍏朵腑姣嶄翰浣撹偛璧勬湰鏄渶閲嶈鐨勫洜绱燵8]銆傚湪杩愬姩鏂归潰锛岀敺瀛╂瘮濂冲鏇村鏄撹幏寰楀搴敮鎸侊紝鍩庡競濂冲鍜屽啘鏉戝コ瀛╁湪浣撹偛鍜屽仴韬柟闈㈢殑鍙備笌鏄钩绛夌殑锛岃€屽啘鏉戝コ瀛╂洿鏈夊彲鑳藉洜閬囧埌浜ら€氶棶棰樻垨璧勯噾涓嶈冻閫€鍑轰綋鑲茶繍鍔╗9]銆?/p>
杩欎竴鎯呭喌鍦ㄧ敺鎬т富瀵肩殑浣撹偛杩愬姩涓篃寰堝父瑙併€備竴椤瑰澶у濂冲瓙鍐扮悆杩愬姩鍛樼殑浠ｉ檯鐮旂┒琛ㄦ槑锛屾€у埆鏈熸湜鐨勬敼鍙樸€佸濂虫€у拰杩愬姩鐨勬€佸害鐨勬敼鍙樹互鍙婂コ鎬х帺鍐扮悆鐨勫叿浣撴満浼氬洜缇や綋鑰屽紓锛屽彈鍏朵粬瀹跺涵鎴愬憳褰卞搷锛?5%鐨勫コ鎬ф槸鑷繁瀹舵棌鐨勮嚦灏戠浜屼唬鍐扮悆杩愬姩鍛橈紝濂逛滑娓存湜鑺辨椂闂翠笌瀹朵汉鍦ㄤ竴璧凤紝杩欑娓存湜瀵瑰コ鎬т綋鑲插弬涓庝篃浜х敓浜嗗奖鍝峓10]銆?/p>
1.4 鏈烘瀯锛氭€у埆涓嶅钩绛夌殑澧炲己鏈哄埗
1.4.1 浣撹偛缁勭粐锛氬姞寮轰簡濡囧コ杈圭紭鍖栧湴浣?/p>
涓€椤归拡瀵?967鈥?995骞村浗闄呭ゥ鏋楀尮鍏嬪鍛樹細鐨勪釜妗堢爺绌讹紝杩芥函浜嗚缁勭粐鏄浣曚富瑕佷粠鍖呭濡囧コ鍙備笌浣撹偛杩愬姩鐨勯殧绂昏繖涓€瑙掑害鏉ョ晫瀹氭€у埆骞崇瓑鐨勩€傝繖鍏朵腑鐨勫叧閿槸灏嗗コ鎬х殑韬綋鏋勯€犱负鍏锋湁杩愬姩鑳藉姏浣嗕笉濡傜敺鎬э紝杩欑淮鎸佷簡涓€绉嶇敱浜屽厓鎬у埆宸紓鍜岀敺鎬ц嚦涓婅蹇垫敮鎾戠殑閫昏緫[11]銆?/p>
杩欎竴妯″紡鐨勪竴涓綍瑙佷絾閲嶈鐨勪緥澶栨槸娈嬪ゥ杩愬姩锛屼笌鍙傚姞浣撹偛杩愬姩鐩告瘮锛屽湪娈嬪ゥ杩愬姩涓湁鏇村鐨勫濂虫媴浠婚瀵艰亴鍔★紝琛ㄦ槑鎬у埆鍜屾畫鐤剧殑浜ゅ弶锛屽€煎緱杩涗竴姝ョ爺绌禰12]銆?/p>
1.4.2 濯掍綋锛氬埢鏉垮嵃璞＄殑寮哄寲鍓?/p>
姣嬪焊缃枒锛岀爺绌舵€у埆鍜屼綋鑲插獟浣撲箣闂寸殑鍏崇郴宸茬粡鍦ㄤ綋鑲茬ぞ浼氬棰嗗煙浜х敓浜嗗ぇ閲忕殑鐮旂┒[13]銆傜爺绌剁殑澶ч儴鍒嗕緷璧栦簬鍐呭鍒嗘瀽锛屽鐞嗕綋鑲插コ鎬х殑鍒绘澘鍗拌薄銆佽瑷€鍜屾枃鏈瘎璁猴紝鎻愪緵浜嗕竴涓€ф劅鍖栥€佽交瑙嗗拰璐綆濂虫€х殑杩愬姩鑳藉姏鍜屼氦闄呰兘鍔涚殑妗嗘灦銆傚コ鎬ц繍鍔ㄥ憳鍦ㄥ獟浣撲笂鐨勫舰璞″凡缁忚鐗╁寲锛屽コ鎬ц繍鍔ㄤ粛琚涓轰笉濡傜敺鎬ц繍鍔紝涓庣敺鎬ц繍鍔ㄥ憳鐩告瘮锛屼汉浠粛鐒剁棿杩蜂簬濂虫€ц繍鍔ㄥ憳鐨勮韩浣擄紝鑰屼笉鏄ス鐨勮繍鍔ㄦ妧鑳絒14]銆?/p>
涓€椤圭爺绌舵敹闆嗕簡25骞寸殑濂虫€т綋鑲茬數瑙嗘姤閬撶殑绾靛悜鍒嗘瀽鏁版嵁锛屽彂鐜伴殢鐫€鎬у埆绉╁簭鍙戠敓鍙樺寲锛屽濂虫€т綋鑲茬殑鎶ラ亾涔熶粠1989骞村叕鐒惰瘚姣佹姤閬擄紝杞悜2014骞磋〃闈笂灏婇噸浣嗙己涔忓厜褰╃殑鎶ラ亾锛岀爺绌惰€呭皢鈥滄€у埆涔忓懗鐨勬€у埆姝ц鈥濈殑杩欎竴姒傚康寮曞叆鐮旂┒锛屽苟璁や负杩欏皢浣撹偛杩愬姩涓殑鎷╀紭鍘熷垯鑲ゆ祬鍦板欢浼稿埌浜嗗コ鎬ц韩涓奫15]銆?/p>
1.5 鎬у埆涓嶅钩绛夌殑鍏蜂綋琛ㄧ幇
闄や簡鍦ㄤ互寰€鐮旂┒涓杩拌緝澶氱殑濂虫€х珵鎶€浣撹偛涓庣ぞ浼氫綋鑲查檺鍒跺锛屾€у埆涓嶅钩绛夎繕琛ㄧ幇鍦ㄥコ鎬ц鐪剧殑涓嶈冻鍜屽コ鎬у湪浣撹偛棰嗗煙鐨勫氨涓氬姡鍔裤€?/p>
鍦ㄦ墍鏈夋鐩熷浗瀹朵腑锛岀敺鎬у嚭鍕ょ巼楂樹簬濂虫€э紝浣嗗畯瑙傚眰闈㈡€у埆骞崇瓑绋嬪害瓒婇珮锛屼綋鑲茶禌浜嬪嚭鍕ょ巼鏂归潰鐨勬€у埆宸窛灏辫秺灏廩16]銆?/p>
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2聽 鍥藉唴鐮旂┒缁艰堪
2.1 鐮旂┒鍙戠
20涓栫邯90骞翠唬浠ユ潵锛岄殢鐫€绀句細涓讳箟甯傚満缁忔祹鐨勮摤鍕冨彂灞曪紝鎴戝浗濂虫€у湴浣嶉€愭笎鎻愰珮锛屾€у埆骞崇瓑鐮旂┒涔熼殢涔嬪嚭鐜般€?/p>
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2.2 濂虫€т富涔夊鑰呬笌鍏舵€濇兂
鎻愬強鏈夊叧浣撹偛鐨勬€у埆涓嶅钩绛夌爺绌讹紝鍥藉唴鏈?浣嶅鑰呬笉鑳借蹇借锛屼粬浠槸娼樹附闇炪€佺唺娆㈠拰闄堥潤濮濄€?/p>
2.2.1 鐔婃鍏充簬濂虫€т富涔夌爺绌惰寖寮忎笌涓骇闃剁骇濂虫€т綋鑲插弬涓庣殑璁鸿堪
鐔婃浠庣爺绌惰寖寮忕殑瑙掑害鍑哄彂锛岃涓哄コ鎬т綋鑲茬爺绌朵笉浠呰鍥炵瓟鈥滀粈涔堟槸浣撹偛鐭ヨ瘑鈥濓紝鏇村簲璇ュ洖绛斺€滀负璋佺殑浣撹偛鐭ヨ瘑鈥濓紝閬垮厤浠庝互鈥滅敺鎬т富涔夆€濅负鏍稿績鐨勮瑙掑嚭鍙戯紝鏉ヨ瀵熷拰瑙ｉ噴濂虫€т綋鑲茬殑鐜拌薄锛屽簲浠庣爺绌跺疄璺典腑鍙戞帢骞剁敓浜у嚭鍏充簬濂虫€т綋鑲茬殑鏂扮悊璁猴紝浠庤€屾垚涓哄コ鎬т綋鑲茬爺绌剁殑涓€涓噸瑕佸彂灞曟柟鍚慬19]銆?/p>
鐔婃鍦ㄧ爺绌朵腑浜ч樁绾у濂崇殑浣撹偛鍙備笌鏃讹紝鍙戠幇鍏朵綋鑲插弬涓庡叿鏈夊緢寮虹殑鏂囧寲鎰忚瘑涓庢秷璐规€у晢涓氭€х殑鐗圭偣銆傝櫧鐒朵釜浜哄弬涓庝綋鑲茬殑鑷敱搴﹀湪涓嶆柇鎻愰珮锛屽濂冲弬涓庝綋鑲茬殑闅滅宸茬粡鍑忓急锛屼絾鍦ㄥ埗搴︿笂鍜屾枃鍖栨剰璇嗕笂锛屽濂充綋鑲插弬涓庝粛瀛樺湪涓€瀹氱殑闄愬埗鍥犵礌[20]銆?/p>
2.2.2 闄堥潤濮濈瓑杩愮敤濂虫€т富涔夎瑙掑韬綋銆佹潈鍔涚瓑鐨勫垎鏋?/p>
闄堥潤濮濊涓虹敺鏉冪ぞ浼氬喅瀹氬コ鎬ц韩浣撹鐭ワ紝杩欑洿鎺ュ鑷翠簡绀句細瀵瑰コ鎬х殑姝ц浠ュ強濂虫€ф潈鍔涚殑娴佸け銆傞€氳繃浣撹偛杩欑韬綋瀹炶返锛屽彲浠ヤ娇濂虫€ф嫢鏈夊己澶х殑涓诲姩鏉冦€佽嚜鎴戞剰璇嗕笌绀句細鏀挎不鍦颁綅[21]銆?/p>
浼戦棽浣撹偛鍙互甯︽潵韬綋瀹＄編鐨勮浆鍙橈紝 韬綋瀹＄編璁ょ煡鏄コ鎬ф姷鎶椾互鐢锋潈涓轰富鐨勭ぞ浼氭剰璇嗗舰鎬佺殑鍏抽敭锛岄€氳繃鍩硅偛鏇村己鐨勮韩浣撳缇庢剰璇嗗拰鑳藉姏锛屽彲浠ュ府鍔╁コ鎬ц幏寰椾笌鐢锋€у悓鏍峰钩绛夌殑鏉冨埄鍜岃嚜鐢盵22]銆?/p>
鐢辨鍙锛岄檲闈欏闈炲父娉ㄩ噸鈥滆韩浣撯€濊繖涓€姒傚康锛岃涓哄コ鎬ч€氳繃鍙橀潻瀵硅韩浣撶殑璁よ瘑鏉ュ弽鎶楃敺鏉冪ぞ浼氱殑鍘嬭揩锛岃€屼綋鑲叉槸鍙橀潻瀵硅韩浣撹璇嗙殑閲嶈閫斿緞銆?/p>
2.2.3 娼樹附闇炲叧浜庢€у埆骞崇瓑涓庢€у埆宸紓鐨勮鲸鏋?/p>
娼樹附闇炲湪鍏跺崥澹鏂囬噷鎻愬嚭锛岀ぞ浼氫綋鑲插弬涓庝腑鐨勬€у埆骞崇瓑搴旀槸瀵规€у埆宸紓鍏呭垎璁よ瘑涓庡皧閲嶅熀纭€涓婄殑骞崇瓑锛屾牳蹇冩槸鍙備笌鏉冨埄鍜屾満浼氱殑骞崇瓑銆傜ぞ浼氫綋鑲插弬涓庣殑閫夋嫨鍑轰簬鑷敱鐨勭洰鐨勶紝娌℃湁閫夋嫨鑷敱锛屸€滃钩绛夆€濅究姣棤鎰忎箟[23]銆?/p>
鍦ㄥ褰撲唬涓浗绀句細浣撹偛鍙備笌鐨勭爺绌朵腑锛屽ス杩涗竴姝ラ槓鍙戜簡鑷繁瀵逛簬鎬у埆骞崇瓑涓庢€у埆宸紓鐨勮璇嗐€傚湪濂圭湅鏉ワ紝褰撲唬绀句細浣撹偛鍙備笌涓殑鎬у埆宸紓涓嶆槸鐪熸鎰忎箟涓婄殑浠ヤ釜鎬у拰鐢熺悊宸紓涓哄熀纭€鐨勬€у埆宸紓锛?鑰屾槸涓€绉嶅疄璐ㄤ笂鐨勬€у埆涓嶅钩绛夛紝 杩欑涓嶅钩绛夊浠ヤ竴绉嶄笉鏄撹瀵熺殑锛?鐢氳嚦鏄瀛︾殑銆佸弸濂界殑褰㈠紡瀛樺湪锛?鍥犳鏄竴绉嶉殣鎬х殑鎬у埆涓嶅钩绛塠24]銆?/p>
濂虫€х兢浣撳湪鎷ユ湁缁忔祹銆佹暀鑲茶祫婧愮殑寮卞娍鍜屼紶缁熸€у埆鏂囧寲閮藉濂虫€хぞ浼氫綋鑲插弬涓庡舰鎴愪簡涓€瀹氱殑闃荤浣滅敤锛?淇冧娇鐫€濂虫€хぞ浼氫綋鑲插弬涓庡急鍔跨殑浜х敓鍜屽瓨鍦ㄣ€傚姝わ紝娼樹附闇炶涓猴紝搴旇浠ヤ腑灞傞樁绾у濂充綔涓虹獊鐮村彛锛屼績杩涘コ鎬т綋鑲插弬涓嶽25]銆?/p>
姝ゅ锛屼竵搴嗙鎺㈣瑗挎柟濂虫€т綋鑲插疄璺典笌婵€杩涘コ鎬т富涔変箣闂寸殑鍏崇郴锛岃涓鸿繍鍔ㄥ彲浠ヨВ鏋勫拰閲嶅缓绀句細寤烘瀯鐨勬€у埆姘旇川锛屽コ鎬у弬涓庣敺鎬т紶缁熶綋鑲查」鐩彲浠ユ寫鎴樹紶缁熺殑鎬у埆鐞嗚В锛岀敺鎬у弬涓庡コ鎬т紶缁熼」鐩湁鐩婁簬鍏朵汉鏍肩殑瀹屾暣鍙戝睍[26]銆?/p>
2.3 鍏朵粬瀛﹁€呭強鍏朵富瑕佺爺绌舵垚鏋?/p>
2.3.1 浣撹偛鏁欒偛棰嗗煙鐨勬€у埆涓嶅钩绛?/p>
鍦ㄤ綋鑲叉暀鑲查鍩燂紝闄堝埄鑺辫涓哄瓨鍦ㄦ€у埆涓嶅钩绛夊拰蹇借鎬у埆宸紓鐨勫€惧悜锛屽叿浣撹〃鐜颁负鏁欏鍐呭鍜屾柟娉曚互鐢风敓涓轰腑蹇冭繘琛岃璁°€佸弬涓庤澶栦綋鑲叉椿鍔ㄧ殑鏈轰細涓嶅钩绛夈€佸コ鐢熻繍鍔ㄨ祫婧愮殑鍗犳湁鐜囦笉骞崇瓑鍜岀敺濂充綋鑲叉暀甯堢殑姣斾緥涓嶅钩琛★紝鏈€缁堝鑷翠簡浣撹偛鏁欒偛缁撴灉鐨勪笉骞崇瓑[27]銆傛潹鏂屼粠鎬у埆瑙掕壊绀句細鍖栫殑瑙掑害鍑哄彂锛岃涓虹幇鏈夌殑瀛︽牎浣撹偛鏁欏杩囩▼鏄淮鎶や紶缁熸€у埆瑙掕壊鐨勫己鏈夊姏宸ュ叿锛屼絾鐢变簬瀛︽牎浣撹偛鏁欏鑷韩鐨勭嫭鐗规€э紝涔熷彲浠ユ垚涓烘敼鍙樹紶缁熸€у埆鍒绘澘鍗拌薄鐨勬湁鍔涙鍣╗28]銆?/p>
鏉ㄥ悜鏄庡楂樻牎浣撹偛鏁欒偛鐨勭爺绌剁粨璁轰篃鍩烘湰绗﹀悎浠ヤ笂涓や汉鐨勮鐐癸紝璁や负鍦ㄩ珮鏍′綋鑲叉暀瀛﹀満鍩熶腑锛屽笀璧勭粨鏋勩€佷綋鑲查」鐩€夋嫨銆佽鍫傛暀瀛﹀拰璇惧鍙備笌涓潎瀛樺湪鎬у埆涓嶅钩绛夌幇璞★紝鏈€缁堝鑷翠簡鏁欒偛缁撴灉涓婄殑鎬у埆涓嶅钩绛塠29]銆?/p>
楂橀箯椋炵瓑浜虹殑鐮旂┒鏇村姞鍏蜂綋锛屼粠澶у濂崇敓鐨勭鐞冭繍鍔ㄥ叆鎵嬶紝璁や负绀句細寤烘瀯鐨勪互鈥滅敺鎬ч湼鏉冣€濅负涓績鐨勬€у埆瑙掕壊鏈熻鏄鑷寸鐞冭繍鍔ㄦ€у埆澶辫 鐨勪富瑕佽绱狅紝閫氳繃杞紡鏀归€犺鍒欍€佸寮哄コ鎬т富浣撴剰璇嗐€侀紦鍔辩Н鏋佹€х殑绀句細瓒婅建鍜屽己鍖栧悓鍠绘枃鍖栫殑寮€鏀炬€э紝鍙互閲嶆瀯澶у濂崇敓鐨勭鐞冨弬涓嶽30]銆?/p>
2.3.2 浣撹偛濯掍綋棰嗗煙鐨勬€у埆涓嶅钩绛?/p>
鍦ㄤ綋鑲插獟浣撻鍩燂紝涔熷瓨鍦ㄧ潃鎬у埆涓嶅钩绛夈€?/p>
涓€鏂归潰锛屽コ鎬т綔涓鸿鎶ラ亾瀵硅薄锛屽獟浠嬪憟鐜板叿鏈夊埢鏉垮寲銆佽竟缂樺寲銆佽瑙夊寲銆佸晢涓氬寲鍜屽ū涔愬寲鐨勭壒鐐癸紝鎶ラ亾澶变箣瀹㈣锛屼笖瀛樺湪鐗╁寲濂虫€х殑鍊惧悜锛岀墖闈㈠叧娉ㄥコ鎬х殑澶栬矊缇庯紝蹇借濂虫€ц浼楃殑鎰熷彈[31]銆?/p>
鍙︿竴鏂归潰锛屽コ鎬т綔涓烘姤閬撹€咃紝涔熺幇瀛樿瘽璇潈浠嶆湁缂哄け锛屽叾鍘熷洜鏈夊洓锛氫竴鏄湪浜庢姽鏉€鎬у埆鎰忚瘑鍜岀獊鍑哄コ鎬т紭鍔夸箣闂寸殑鐭涚浘;浜屾槸鍦ㄤ簬闀挎湡鍘嬪埗涓嬬殑绀句細鎬у埆蹇冪悊鍔ｅ娍;涓夋槸鍦ㄤ簬缂哄皯鐩稿叧鐞嗚鐨勬敮鎸?鍥涙槸鍦ㄤ簬绀句細鍜岃涓氬唴閮ㄧ殑鎬у埆鎰忚瘑杩樻湁寰呮彁鍗囷紝鎵€浠ラ噸鏋勮瘽璇潈鎰忎箟閲嶅ぇ锛岄渶瑕佸姞寮虹悊璁虹爺绌躲€佺ぞ浼氭彁楂樻€у埆鎰忚瘑鍜屽コ鎬ф柊闂讳粠涓氳€呮彁楂樿嚜韬慨鍏昏繖3涓柟闈㈢殑鍏卞悓鍔姏[32]銆?/p>
2.3.3 鍏充簬浣撹偛鏀跨瓥鏀归潻鐨勭爺绌?/p>
姝ょ被鐮旂┒澶氬€熼壌鍥藉鐨勫彂灞曠粡楠岋紝濡傛垬鏂囪吘绛変汉浠?5涓浗闄呬綋鑲插崟椤硅仈鍚堜細涓虹爺绌跺璞★紝璁や负鍥介檯浣撹偛缁勭粐涓庝弗鏍兼剰涔変笂鏄庣‘銆佸瑙傘€佷弗鏍肩殑鍠勬不鏍囧噯杩樻湁涓€瀹氳窛绂伙紝浣嗘湁杩堝悜鍠勬不鏀归潻鐨勮秼鍔匡紝姣斿寮曞叆澶栭儴鐩戠潱鏈哄埗鍜岀悊浜嬩細娌荤悊妯″紡锛屽叾缁忛獙鍊煎緱涓浗浣撹偛绀句細缁勭粐鍊熼壌[33]銆傚紶瀹堜紵姊崇悊浜嗙編鍥藉ぇ瀛︾珵鎶€浣撹偛鏀归潻钀岃娊鏈熴€佸垵鍒涙湡銆佸舰鎴愭湡銆侀渿鑽′笌璋冩暣鏈熴€佺悊鎬у洖褰掓湡鐨勫巻鍙叉紨杩涘巻绋嬶紝鎺㈣浜嗘€у埆骞崇瓑闂锛岃涓烘垜鍥藉簲纭珛澶у绔炴妧浣撹偛鏀归潻鏀归潻鐨勯《灞傛潈濞佷富浣揫34]銆?/p>
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