甯搁懌 瀛欑珛
鎽?聽瑕侊細涓轰簡閫傚簲鐢靛瓙鍟嗗姟鐨勭儹娼紝瀹佸鍐滀骇鍝佺數瀛愬晢鍔′紒涓氱殑鍙戝睍瓒婃潵瓒婅繀閫熴€備笌姝ゅ悓鏃讹紝瀹佸鍐滀骇鍝佺數瀛愬晢鍔′緷鐒堕潰涓寸潃澶氶噸鍧庡澐銆備竴鏂归潰锛屽畞澶忕殑缃戠粶鍩虹寤鸿涓嶆槸寰堝畬鍠勶紝鐗╂祦浣撳埗涓嶅叏闈紝鐢靛瓙鍟嗗姟浼佷笟鍙戝睍涓嶅潎琛?鍙︿竴鏂归潰锛屽畞澶忓啘浜у搧鐢靛瓙鍟嗗姟瀵逛汉鍔涜祫婧愭湁鐫€闈炲父澶х殑娓存眰锛屽苟涓斿畞澶忓啘浜у搧鐢靛瓙鍟嗗姟瀵逛笓涓氬瀷浜烘墠鐨勫煿鍏昏繕澶勪簬璧锋闃舵銆傛枃绔犻€氳繃SWOT鍒嗘瀽锛屽瀹佸鍐滀骇鍝佺數瀛愬晢鍔＄殑鐜扮姸杩涜鐮旂┒锛屾壘鍑哄畞澶忓啘浜у搧鍙戝睍鐨勪紭鍔垮拰涓嶈冻锛岄拡瀵逛笉瓒虫彁鍑轰績杩涘畞澶忓啘浜у搧鐢靛瓙鍟嗗姟鍙戝睍鐨勫缓璁€?/p>
鍏抽敭璇嶏細鐢靛瓙鍟嗗姟;鍐滀骇鍝?瀹佸甯?瑙ｅ喅绛栫暐
涓浘鍒嗙被鍙凤細F713.365 聽 聽鏂囩尞鏍囪瘑鐮侊細A
Abstract锛?In order to catch up with the upsurge of e-commerce锛?Ningxia agricultural products e-commerce enterprises are developing more and more rapidly. At the same time锛?Ningxia agricultural product e-commerce is still facing multiple ups and downs. On the one hand锛?Ningxia's network infrastructure is not very complete锛?the logistics system is not comprehensive锛?and the development of e-commerce companies is uneven; on the other hand锛?Ningxia agricultural product e-commerce has a great desire for human resources锛?and the training of professional talents for Ningxia agricultural products e-commerce is still in its infancy. Through SWOT analysis锛?this paper studies the current situation of Ningxia's agricultural product e-commerce锛?finds out the advantages and disadvantages of Ningxia's agricultural product development锛?and puts forward suggestions to promote the development of Ningxia's agricultural product e-commerce.
Key words锛?e-commerce; agricultural products; Ningxia; resolution strategy
鏈€杩戝嚑骞达紝瀹佸灏嗙數瀛愬晢鍔′綔涓轰竴涓富瑕佸彂灞曢鍩燂紝寰楀埌鏀垮簻澶у姏鐨勬壎鎸併€傚叾涓互鐗硅壊鍐滀骇鍝佺數瀛愬晢鍔′负涓昏浠ｈ〃锛?016骞村畞澶忚春鍏板幙鍐滀骇鍝佺數瀛愬晢鍔′氦鏄撻杈惧埌浜?.5浜垮厓锛屾瘮2015骞村悓鏈熷闀?0%銆傞棞浜庡畞澶忓啘浜у搧鐢靛瓙鍟嗗姟鐨勫彂灞曞浗鍐呭緢澶氬鑰呴兘鏈夌潃鐙埌鐨勮瑙ｃ€傛潕鐜夊嚖绛塠1]锛?014锛夎涓哄畞澶忎綔涓烘垜鍥介涓唴闄嗗紑鏀炬€х粡娴庤瘯楠屽尯锛屽浗瀹堕紦鍔卞畞澶忓悇鏂归潰鍏堣鍏堣瘯锛屽缓璁剧患鍚堢數瀛愬晢鍔″钩鍙般€佸彂灞曠壒鑹插啘浜у搧鐢靛瓙鍟嗗姟銆佸姞寮虹數鍟嗕汉鎵嶅煿鍏汇€傛湵涓界嚂[2]锛?018锛夎涓哄畞澶忔妸鐢靛瓙鍟嗗姟浣滀负閲嶇偣鍙戝睍浜т笟锛屽垱閫犱簡鏂扮殑娑堣垂澧為暱鐐癸紝寮€杈熶簡灏变笟澧炴敹鏂版笭閬擄紝涓哄ぇ浼楀垱涓氥€佷竾浼楀垱鏂版彁渚涗簡鏂扮┖闂淬€傛潕鑾塠3]锛?015锛夋寚鍑哄畞澶忕殑鍐滀笟鐢熶骇鎬诲€煎湪鍏ㄧ渷鎬讳骇鍊间腑鍗犳湁寰堝ぇ鐨勬瘮渚嬶紝浣嗗啘涓氬彂灞曚竴鐩撮潰涓寸敓浜ф晥鐜囦綆銆佹垚鏈珮銆佷骇鍝佷緵姹備笉鍧囪 绛夐棶棰樸€?/p>
鏈枃涓昏鍒嗕笁涓儴鍒嗭紝棣栧厛浠嬬粛浜嗗畞澶忕洰鍓嶅啘浜у搧鐢靛晢鐨勫彂灞曠幇鐘讹紝鍏舵閫氳繃SWOT鍒嗘瀽娉曟壘鍒板畞澶忕數瀛愬晢鍔″彂灞曠殑浼樺娍鍜岄棶棰橈紝鏈€鍚庨拡瀵瑰畞澶忓啘浜у搧鐢靛晢鍙戝睍瀛樺湪鐨勯棶棰樻彁鍑哄缓璁紝瀵瑰綋涓嬪畞澶忔瀯寤哄畬鍠勭數鍟嗘湇鍔′綋绯绘湁涓€瀹氱殑鍊熼壌鎰忎箟銆?/p>
1 聽瀹佸鍐滀骇鍝佺數瀛愬晢鍔＄殑鍙戝睍鐜扮姸
1.1 聽瀹佸鐢靛瓙鍟嗗姟鍙戝睍鎯呭喌
瀹佸鍥炴棌鑷不鍖轰綅浜庝腑鍥界殑瑗垮寳閮紝缁忔祹鍙戝睍涓嶆槸寰堟櫙姘旓紝鑰屼笖杩滅姹熸禉娌瓑鐢靛瓙鍟嗗姟鍙戣揪鍦板尯锛屽洜姝ゅ畞澶忓湪鐢靛瓙鍟嗗姟鏂归潰鐨勫彂灞曚緷鐒跺浜庡急鍔块樁娈点€備絾2017骞村畞澶忕數瀛愬晢鍔＄嚎涓婁氦鏄撻杈惧埌浜?15.2浜垮厓锛屽悓姣斿闀?1%锛屾瘮鍏ㄥ浗鐨勫钩鍧囧闀块€熷害杩樿楂?.8涓櫨鍒嗙偣銆?/p>
浠庤〃1鍙互鐪嬪嚭锛屽畞澶忓悇甯傚啘浜у搧鐢靛瓙鍟嗗姟鍙戝睍涓嶅潎琛°€備互閾跺窛涓轰富瑕佺數瀛愬晢鍔″彂灞曚氦鏄撲腑蹇冿紝鍏朵粬鍦板尯鐣ユ樉寮卞娍銆傚叾涓浐鍘熶綅浜庡畞澶忕殑鏈€鍗楄竟涓斾氦閫氫笉渚匡紝瀵艰嚧缃戠粶浜ゆ槗棰濊緝浣庛€?/p>
1.2 聽瀹佸鐗硅壊鍐滀骇鍝佺數瀛愬晢鍔＄幇鐘?/p>
瀹佸鐗硅壊鍐滀骇鍝佺數瀛愬晢鍔″彂灞曢€熷害闈炲父蹇紝浣嗘槸涔熷瓨鍦ㄤ竴浜涢棶棰樸€傚畞澶忕殑鐗硅壊鍐滀骇鍝佷富瑕佷互鏋告潪銆佹竻鐪熺墰鑲夈€佺洂姹犳竻鐪熸哗缇娿€佺墰缇婂ザ鍒跺搧鍙婂湡璞嗙瓑銆?010骞寸櫨鐟炴簮鎶撲綇鏈洪亣鍦ㄦ窐瀹濆缓绔嬬櫨鐟炴簮鏋告潪鏃楄埌搴椼€傚埄鐢ㄧ嚎涓婇攢鍞钩鍙拌繘琛屼氦鏄擄紝閿€鍞閫愬勾澧為暱銆傞殢鍚庣櫨鐟炴簮鐪嬪ソ绾夸笂骞冲彴锛屽湪澶氫釜缃戠珯鍞崠鏋告潪骞朵笖鍜岄摱鑱斿湪绾挎敮浠樺钩鍙板缓绔嬮暱鏈熷悎浣滃叧绯汇€?/p>
濡傝〃2鎵€绀猴紝2015锝?018骞寸櫨鐟炴簮鏋告潪鐨勯攢鍞鍦ㄩ€愬勾澧為暱锛屽彲浠ョ湅鍑轰互鐧剧憺婧愪负浠ｈ〃鐨勪紒涓氶噸瑙嗙數瀛愬晢鍔℃柟闈㈢殑鍙戝睍锛屽湪鐢靛瓙鍟嗗姟鐨勮繍钀ヤ腑鑾峰緱浜嗗緢濂界殑鏁堢泭銆?/p>
1.3 聽瀹佸鍐滀骇鍝佺數瀛愬晢鍔″钩鍙板彂灞曠幇鐘?/p>
瀹佸涓嶄粎浠呮槸鍙や唬鈥滀笣缁镐箣璺€濅笂鐨勯噸瑕佽妭鐐癸紝鑰屼笖涔熸槸褰撲唬鈥滀竴甯︿竴璺€濅笂鐨勫叧閿灑绾絒4]銆傚畞澶忎篃鎵撻€犱簡璺ㄥ鐢靛晢骞冲彴锛屽畞澶忕殑鈥滀紭鐧捐锤鈥濊法澧冪數鍟嗗钩鍙颁綔涓洪摱宸濆競璺ㄥ璐告槗鍙婄數瀛愬晢鍔¤瘯鐐归」鐩紝鏃ㄥ湪鏋勫缓鑱旈€氫腑鍥戒笌鈥滀竴甯︿竴璺€濇部绾垮浗瀹剁殑璺ㄥ鐢靛晢浜т笟閾撅紝寤鸿浜掕仈浜掗€氱殑缁煎悎鏈嶅姟骞冲彴銆?/p>
濡傝〃3鎵€绀猴紝闅忕潃瀹佸鐢靛瓙鍟嗗姟鐨勫彂灞曪紝瀹佸鍐滀骇鍝佺數鍟嗛€愭笎澧炲姞锛屽叾涓竻鐪熺墰缇婅倝娣卞彈绌嗘柉鏋楀悓鑳炵殑鍠滅埍锛屽畞澶忕殑娓呯湡鐗涚緤鑲変篃閫氳繃鐢靛瓙鍟嗗姟骞冲彴璧板悜浜嗕笘鐣屻€?/p>
2 聽浜у搧鐢靛瓙鍟嗗姟SWOT鍒嗘瀽
2.1 聽鐢靛瓙鍟嗗姟鐨勪紭鍔?/p>
瀹佸鍥炴棌鑷不鍖烘斂搴滃ぇ鍔涙敮鎸佸拰鎵舵寔鍙戝睍鐢靛瓙鍟嗗姟鐨勪紒涓氾紝甯﹀姩浜嗙墿娴佽涓氱殑鍙戝睍銆傚畞澶忕渷鍐呭悇甯傘€佸幙绾风悍鏈夊揩閫掑叕鍙哥殑鍏ラ┗銆傚畞澶忕殑鐗硅壊鍐滀骇鍝佸凡缁忓湪鐪佸唴澶栨湁浜嗚緝楂樼殑鐭ュ悕搴︼紝灏ゅ叾鏄灨鏉炪€傚浗瀹朵互瀹佸浣滀负璺ㄥ鐢靛晢鐨勮瘯鐐圭渷锛屽苟涓哄畞澶忕殑鐢靛瓙鍟嗗姟鎻愪緵浜嗕紭鎯犳斂绛栵紝涔熷姞澶т簡瀵瑰畞澶忕數瀛愬晢鍔＄殑鎶曡祫銆傚畞澶忚繕寤鸿浜嗗涓數瀛愬晢鍔′骇涓氬洯浠ュ強鐗╂祦鍥尯锛屼负鐢靛瓙鍟嗗姟鐨勫彂灞曟彁渚涗簡鑹ソ鐨勭敓瀛樼幆澧冦€傛斂搴滈紦鍔卞啘鎴蜂滑鍏ラ┗鐢靛晢骞冲彴鍞崠鑷繁鐨勪骇鍝侊紝瓒婃潵瓒婂鐨勫晢鎴风敱绾夸笅杞嚎涓婄粡钀ャ€?/p>
2.2 聽瀹佸鍐滀骇鍝佺數瀛愬晢鍔＄殑鍔ｅ娍
瀹佸鐨勯亾璺缓璁句笉瀹屽杽锛屾病鏈夐珮閾侊紝閮ㄥ垎鍦板尯杩樻病鏈夊儚鏍风殑鍏矾銆傝繖浜涢亾璺瓑浜ら€氱‖浠惰鏂界殑涓嶅畬澶囷紝鐩存帴瀵艰嚧浜嗗畞澶忕殑浜ら€氫笉渚垮埄锛岀墿娴佸叕鍙哥殑杩愰€佷笉鑳藉埌杈炬瘡涓€涓湴鏂癸紝鑰屼笖杩愰€佺殑鎴愭湰楂樸€傚畞澶忓睘浜庤传鍥扮渷锛岀粡娴庣殑鍙戝睍杩滆繙钀藉悗浜庡浗鍐呭ぇ澶氭暟鐪佷唤銆傚彟涓€鏂归潰锛屽畞澶忓湴澶勯粍鍦熼珮鍘燂紝閮ㄥ垎鍦板尯灞辫矾宕庡矕锛屼簰鑱旂綉鐨勮鏂藉緢宸甗5]锛岃€屼笖瀹佸浜掕仈缃戠殑鍒嗗竷涓嶅潎琛★紝鍙戝睍杈冨ソ鐨勫湴鍖洪泦涓湪瀹佸鐨勫寳閮紝鍗楅儴鍦板尯鐨勪簰鑱旂綉鍙戝睍杈冨樊锛屾湁涓€浜涘湴鏂圭敋鑷虫病鏈夌綉缁滅殑瑕嗙洊銆?/p>
2.3 聽瀹佸鍐滀骇鍝佺數瀛愬晢鍔＄殑鏈洪亣
鎴戝浗姝ｅ湪鎺ㄥ姩鈥滀竴甯︿竴璺€濈殑缁忔祹寤鸿锛屽畞澶忓湪鍙や唬灏辨槸鈥滀笣缁镐箣璺€濈殑鏋㈢航涔嬪湴锛岃嚜鐒舵槸鈥滀竴甯︿竴璺€濅笂鐨勫叧閿妭鐐筟5]锛岃繖灏变负瀹佸鐗硅壊鍐滀骇鍝佸彂灞曡法澧冪數鍟嗗垱閫犱簡涓€涓ソ鐨勬満浼氥€傚浗瀹朵篃灏嗗畞澶忛摱宸濆競浣滀负璺ㄥ鐢靛晢鐨勮瘯鐐瑰煄甯傦紝浼氭湁鏇村鐨勮祫婧愭秾鍏ヨ繘鏉ワ紝涓哄畞澶忕殑璺ㄥ鐢靛晢鎻愪緵浜嗕竴涓緢濂界殑骞冲彴锛屾瀬澶у湴淇冭繘瀹佸鍐滀骇鍝佺數瀛愬晢鍔℃洿濂界殑鍙戝睍銆傞殢鐫€鈥?G鈥濇椂浠ｇ殑鍒版潵锛屼篃涓哄畞澶忕殑浜掕仈缃戝缓璁炬彁渚涗簡涓€涓壇濂界殑鍙戝睍鏈洪亣銆?/p>
2.4 聽瀹佸鍐滀骇鍝佺數瀛愬晢鍔＄殑濞佽儊
铏界劧瀹佸鐨勮法澧冪數瀛愬晢鍔″彂灞曠殑鍔垮ご寰堝ソ锛屼絾鍙楀埌閬撹矾浜ら€氳鏂戒笉瀹屽杽鐨勯檺鍒讹紝褰卞搷鐗╂祦鐨勯厤閫乕6]銆傚畞澶忓睘浜庡亸杩滃北鍖猴紝鐗╂祦鐨勪緵搴旈摼涓嶈兘婊¤冻娑堣垂鑰呯殑闇€姹傦紝涓旇繍閫佹垚鏈緝楂橈紝鐢氳嚦姣斿晢鍝佽繕瑕佽吹銆傜墿娴佸浜庣數瀛愬晢鍔℃潵璇撮潪甯搁噸瑕侊紝鎵€浠ョ墿娴佷笉鐣呮槸瀹佸鍐滀骇鍝佺數瀛愬晢鍔″彂灞曠殑涓昏濞佽儊銆傚悓鏃讹紝鐢变簬瀹佸鐨勫湴鐞嗙幆澧冨澶勪簬榛勫湡楂樺潯锛屼汉姘戠敓娲绘按骞宠緝鍏朵粬鐪佷唤浣庯紝鑰屼笖瀹佸鍋忚繙鍦板尯浜烘皯瀵圭數瀛愬晢鍔′笓涓氱殑浜嗚В涓嶅娣卞埢锛屼笉娉ㄩ噸鐢靛瓙鍟嗗姟浜哄憳鍩瑰吇銆?/p>
3 聽淇冭繘瀹佸鍐滀骇鍝佺數瀛愬晢鍔″彂灞曠殑瀵圭瓥
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3.1 聽澧炲己浜掕仈缃戝熀纭€璁炬柦寤鸿
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4 聽缁撹涓庡睍鏈?/p>
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鍙傝€冩枃鐚細
[1] 鏉庣帀鍑わ紝鏉ㄨ姵锛屽磾纾? 鍏充簬鍙戝睍瀹佸鐢靛瓙鍟嗗姟鐨勬帰绱J]. 鎶€鏈笌鍒涙柊绠＄悊锛?014锛?5锛?锛夛細469-472.
[2] 鏈变附鐕? 瀹佸淇冭繘鐢靛瓙鍟嗗姟鍙戝睍鐨勫绛栫爺绌禰J]. 鏃朵唬缁忚锤锛?018锛?4锛夛細41-42.
[3] 鏉庤帀. 瀹佸鐗硅壊鍐滀骇鍝佺數瀛愬晢鍔″彂灞曠爺绌禰D]. 閾跺窛锛氬畞澶忓ぇ瀛︼紙纭曞＋瀛︿綅璁烘枃锛夛紝2015.
[4] 鏉庡己锛岄棲濮濋泤锛屽啹鍒╃泩. 瀹佸璺ㄥ鐢靛瓙鍟嗗姟鐨勫彂灞曠幇鐘跺強瀵圭瓥[J]. 鐗╂祦鎶€鏈紝2015锛?4锛?0锛夛細91-93锛?6.
[5] 聽L Ruiz-Garcia锛?G Steinberger锛?M Rothmund. A model and prototype implementation for tracking and tracing agricultural batch products along the food chain[J]. Food Control锛?2008锛?1锛?锛夛細112-121.
[6] 閮媷. 瀹佸鐢靛瓙鍟嗗姟涓庡揩閫掔墿娴佸崗鍚屽彂灞曠殑璋冪爺涓庢€濊€僛J]. 鐜颁唬鍟嗚锤宸ヤ笟锛?018锛?9锛?0锛夛細37-38.
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