2016年12月大学英语六级考试答案与解析（第2套）Part I Writing【范文】Throughout the ages 9 we have concluded a number of factors that contribute to success ? among which is creation. Just as the saying goes, “There is no doubt that creation is the most important human resource of alL" Not only is creation the force driving economy and society to advance, but it is also essential to the development of inpiduals. Those who often come up with new ideas often turn out to be easy to achieve success while a man who always sticks to habit and experience can hardly create new things.In terms of giving measures to encourage creation? I will list the following ones. On the one hand? the public are expected to realize the significance of creation, so the social media should play its due role in advocating the value of innovation and encouraging the public to cultivate awareness of creation. On the other hand, those who are equipped with creative thinking deserve some kind of praise, both materially and spiritually.Creation has been a hot word for a long time and we cannot emphasize the importance of creation too much. Therefore, we should spare no effort to learn knowledge as much as possible to prepare ourselves to be creative people.Part II Listening Comprehension1 〜5 : CCABC 6 〜10 : ADACD 11 — 15 : BBDAB16〜20 : DBCBD 21 〜25 : CAADDSection AConversation OneM: Guess what? The worst food I've ever had was in France.W: Really? That's odd. （1） I thought the French were all good cooks.M：Yes. That's right. I suppose it's really like anywhere else, though. You know, some places are good. Some bad. But it's really all our own fault.W: What do you mean? *M: Well, it was the first time I'd been to France. This was years ago when I was at school. （2） I went there with my parents' friends, from my father's school.They'd hired a coach to take them to Switzerland.W: A school trip?M：Right. Most of them had never been abroad before. We'd crossed the English Channel at night?and we set off through France, and breakfast time arrived? and the coach driver had arranged for us to stop at this little cafe. There we all were tired and hungry 9and then we made the great discovery.W: What was that?M：Bacon and eggs.W: Fantastic! The real English breakfast.
M: Yes. Anyway 9we didn't know any better 一 so we had it, and ugh…！W: What was it like? Disgusting?M: Oh, it was incredible! They just got a bowl and put some fat in it。And then they put some bacon in the fat ? broke an egg over the top and put the whole lot in the oven for about ten minutes。W：In the oven! You're joking. You can't cook bacon and eggs in the oven!M：Well. They must have done it that way. It was hot, but it wasn't cooked. There was just this egg floating about in gallons of fat and raw bacon.W: (3-1) Did you actually eat it?M：(3-2) No! Nobody did。They all wanted to turn round and go home. You know? back to teu001fabags and fish and chips. You can't blame them really. Anyway, the next night we were all given another foreign speciality.W: What was that?M: (4) Snails. That really finished them off. Lovely holiday that was!1. What did the woman think of the French?2. Who did the man travel with on his first trip to Switzerland?3. What does the man say about the breakfast at the little French cafe?4. What did the man think of his holiday in France?Conversation TwoM：(5) You say your shop has been doing welL Could you give me some idea of what "doing well" means in facts and figures?W: Well? “doing well" means averaging £1,200 or more a week for about 7 years, making almost a quarter of a million pounds. And "doing well" means your earnings are rising. Last year, we did slightly over 50,000 and this year, we hope to do more than 60,000. So, that's good if we continue to rise.M: Now? that's gross earnings, I assume. What about your expenses?W: Yes ?that's gross. The expenses ? of course, go up steadily. And since we've moved to this new shop, the expenses have increased greatly, because it's a much bigger shop. So I couldn't say exactly what our expenses are. They are something in the region of six or seven thousand pounds a year, which is not high. (6) Commercially speaking, it's fairly low? and we try to keep our expenses as low as we can.M：(7) And your prices are much lower than the same goods in shops round about.How do the local shopkeepers feel about having a shop doing so well in their midst?W: Perhaps a lot of them don't realize how well we are doing, because we don't make a point of publicizing. That was a lesson we learned very early on. (8) We were very friendly with all local shopkeepers and we happened to mention to a local shopkeeper how much we had made that week. He was very unhappy and never as friendly again. So we make a point of never publicizing the amount of money we make.But we are on very good terms with all the shops. None of them have ever complained that we are putting them out of business or anything like that. I think it's a nice friendly relationship. Maybe if they did know what we made? perhaps they wouldn't be so friendly.5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?6. What does the woman say her shop tries to do?7. What do we learn about the goods sold at the woman's shop?8. Why doesn5t the woman want to tnake known their earnings anymore? '；顼Section BPassage OneBirds are famous for carrying things around. Some, like homing pigeons, can be trained to deliver messages and packages. Other birds unknowingly carry seeds that cling to them for the ride. (9) Canadian scientists have found a worrisome, new example of the power that birds have to spread stuff around. Way up north in the Canadian Arctic, seabirds are picking up dangerous chemicals in the ocean and delivering them to ponds near where the birds live.Some 10,000 pairs of the birds?called fulmars, a kind of Arctic seabird, make their nests on Devon Island? north of the Arctic Circle. (10) The fulmars travel some 400 kilometers over the sea to find food. When they return home, their droppings end up all around their nesting sites, including in nearby ponds.(11) Previously, scientists noticed pollutants arriving in the Arctic with the wind. Salmon also carry dangerous chemicals as the fish migrate between rivers and the sea. The bodies of fish and other meat-eaters can build up high levels of the chemicals.To test the polluting power of fulmars ? researchers collected samples of deposit from 11 ponds on Devon Island. In ponds closest to the colony, the results showed there were far more pollutants than in ponds less affected by the birds. The pollutants in the ponds appear to come from fish that fulmars eat when they're out on the ocean. (12) People who live, hunt, or fish near bird colonies need to be careful, the researchers say. The birds don't mean to cause harm;' but the chemicals they carry can cause major problems.9. What have Canadian scientists found about some seabirds?10. What does the speaker say about the seabirds called fulmars?11. What did scientists previously notice about pollutants in the Arctic?12. What does the speaker warn about at the end of the talk?Passage Two(13) In recent years, the death rate among American centenarians — people who have lived to age 100 or older — has decreased, dropping 14 percent for women and 20 percent for men from 2008 to 2014. The leading causes of death in this age group are also changing. In 2000, the top five causes of death for centenarians were heart disease, stroke? flu；cancer and Alzheimer's disease. (14) But by 2014, the death rate from Alzheimer's disease for this age group had more than doubled — increasing from 3. 8 percent to 8. 5 percent — making the progressive brain disease the second leading cause of death for centenarians.One reason for the rise in deaths from Alzheimer's disease in this group may be that developing this condition remains possible even after people beat the odds of dying from other diseases such as ^cancer.(15) People physically fit enough to survive over 100 years ultimately give in to diseases such as Alzheimer's which affects the mind and cognitive function. In other words’ it appears that their minds give out before their bodies do. On the other hand, the death rate from flu dropped from 7. 4 percent in 2000 to 4.1 percent in 2014. That pushed flu from the third leading cause of death to the fifth. "Overall, the total number of centenarians is going up. In 20149there were 72, 197 centenarians 9compared to 50,281 in 2000. But because this population is getting larger? the number of deaths in this group is also increasing 一 18,434 centenarians died in 2000 9whereas 25,914 died in 2014.13. What does the speaker say about the risk of dying for American centenarians in recent years?14. What does the speaker say about Alzheimer's disease?15. What is characteristic of people who live up to 100 years and beyond?Section CRecording OneOkay. So let's get started. And to start things off I think what we need to do is consider a definition. (16) .I'm going to define what love is but then most of the experiments I'm going to talk about are really focused more on attraction than love.And I'm going to pick a definition from a former colleague, Robert Sternberg, who is now the dean at Tufts University but was here on our faculty at Yale for nearly thirty years. And he has a theory of love that argues that it's made up of three components: intimacy, passion, and commitment, or what is sometimes called decision commitment. And these are relatively straightforward. He argued that you don't have love if you don't have all three of these elements.Intimacy is the feeling of closeness, of connectedness with someone, of bonding. Operationally , you could think of intimacy as you share secrets ? you share information with this person that you don't share with anybody else. Okay. That's really what intimacy is, the bond that comes from sharing information that isn't shared with other people. The second element is passion. Passion is the drive that leads to romance. You can think of it as physical attraction. And Sternberg argues that this is a required component of a love relationship. The third element of love in Sternberg's theory is what he calls decision commitment? the decision that one is in a love relationship? the willingness to label it as such? and a commitment to maintain that relationship at least for some period of time. (17) Sternberg would argue it's not love if you don,t call it love and if you don't have some desire to maintain the relationship. So if you have all three of these? intimacy, passion and commitment, in Sternberg^ theory you have love. (18) Now what's interesting about the theory is what do you have if you only have one out of three or two out of three. What do you have and how is it different if you have a different two out of three? What's interesting about this kind of theorizing is it gives rise to many different combinations that can be quite interesting when you break them down and start to look them carefully.So what I've done is I've taken Sternberg's three elements of love, intimacy, passion and commitment, and Fve listed out the different kinds of relationships you would have if you had zero5one, two or three out of the three elements.16. What does the speaker say about most of the experiments mentioned in his talk?17. What does Robert Sternberg argue about love?18. What question does the speaker think is interesting about Sternberg^ three elements of love?Recording TwoHi! I am Elizabeth Hoffler, Master of Social Work. I am a social worker, a lobbyist, and a special assistant to the executive director at the National Association of Social Workers. (19) Today we are going to be talking about becoming a social worker. Social work is the helping profession. (20) Its primary mission is to enhance human well-being and help meet the basic，needs of all people, with a particular focus on those who are vulnerable, oppressed, and living in poverty. We often deal with complex human needs. Social work is different from other professions 9because we focus on the person and environment. We deal with the external factors that impact a person's situation and outlook. And we create opportunity for assessment and intervention? to help clients and communities cope effectively with their reality and change that reality when necessary.In thousands of ways social workers help other people, people from every age, every background, across the country. Wherever needed, social workers come to help. The most well-known aspect of the profession is that of a social safety n^t. We help guide people to critical resources and counsel them on life-changing decisions. (21) There are more than 600 ? 000 professional social workers in the country? and we all either have a bachelor's degree? a master's degree? or a PhD in Social Work. There are more clinically trained social workers than clinically trained psychiatrists 9psychologists 9and psychiatric nurses combined.Throughout this series you will learn more about the profession, the necessary steps to get a social work degree? the rich history of social work? and the many ways that social workers help others. Later in this series? you will hear from Stacy Collins and Mel Wilson, fellow social workers at the National Association of Social Workers. Stacy is going to walk you through the step-by-step process of becoming a social worker, and (22) Mel will tell you about the range of options you have once you get your social work degree, as well as the high standards of responsibility the social workers must adhere to.The National Association of Social Workers represents nearly 145,000 social workers across the country. Our mission is to promote, protect, and advance the social work profession. We hope you enjoy this series about how you can make a difference by becoming a social worker. Next ?we are going to talk about choosing social work.19. What does the speaker mainly talk about?20. What do social workers mainly do?21. What do professional social workers have in common? according to the speaker?22. What is Mel Wilson going to talk about in the series?Recording Three u003cToday, I'd like to talk about 9what happens when celebrity role models get behind healthy habits9but at the same time? promote junk food. (23) Currently, there's mounting criticism of Michelle Obama's "Let's Move!" campaign, which fights childhood obesity by encouraging youngsters to become more physically active 9and has signed on singer Beyonce and basketball player Shaquille O'Neal, both of whom also endorse sodas9which are a major contributor to the obesity epidemic. Now there's a lot more evidence of how powerful a celebrity 一 especially a professional athlete 一 can be in influencing children's behavior.In a report published by the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity at Yale University ? researchers studied 100 professional athletes and their endorsement contracts. The team focused on athletes since they are theoretically the best role models for active? healthy lifestyles for children. After sorting the deals by category, they determined that among the 512 brandsassociated with the athletes 9most involved sporting goods 9followed closely by food and beverage brands.Sports drinks 9which are often high in sugar and calories made up most of the food and drink deals ? with soft drinks and fast food filling out the remainder. Of the 46 beverages endorsed by professional athletes9 93% relied exclusively on sugar for all of their calories.It's no surprise that high-profile athletes can influence children's eating behaviors? but the scientists were able to quantify how prevalent these endorsements are in the children's environment. Advertisements featuring professional athletes and their endorsed products tend to get impressive exposure on TV ? radio ?in print and online. (24) And in 2010 9the researchers reported that children ages 12 to 17 saw more athlete-endorsed food and beverage brand commercials than adults.One reason any campaign wants a popular celebrity spokesperson is because kids are attracted to them no matter what they are doing. We can't expect kids to turn off that admiration when the same person is selling sugar. At best 9kids might be confused. At worst, they'll think the messages about soda are the same as the messages about water ?but those two beverages arenJt the same.(25)If children are turning to athletes as role models, it's in their best interest if their idols are consistent. Consistent messaging of positive behaviors will show healthier lifestyles for kids to follow.23. What is the aim of Michelle Obama's campaign?24. What does research find about advertisements featuring professional athletes?25. What does the speaker think kids' idols should do?Part III Reading Comprehension .26〜30 : OMDKH 31 〜35 : LEFBG 36〜40 : JCEGD41 〜45 : IBHQL 46〜50 : DABAC 51 〜55 : ADCBDSection A有自己特色的小型社区——这里生活稳定且十分人性化——正逐渐消失。一些已经从地球上(26)消失了， 一些正慢慢地消亡，但它们全都在接触到不断(28)扩展的机械文明过程中(27)经历了变化。不同类型的人融入 普通人群中，同时造成了少数群体成员与普通大众成员之间的紧张关系。阿米什人，殖民时期来到美国，住在独特的、小型的社区，(29)幸存于现在世界中。他们比其他种族更成功 地抵抗住了同化(30)过程。在播种以及收割季节，可以看到长胡子男人牵着马在田间劳作，而妇女将衣物整齐 地晾晒在晾衣绳上。许多美国人在火车或汽车(31)並，见过的阿米什人家庭，男人戴宽沿的黑色帽子，妇女穿着 长裙。虽然阿米什人与(32)工业化的美国一起生活了两个半世纪，但他们减弱了美国对他们个人生活、家庭、社区 以及价值观的影响。阿米什人通常被其他美国人(33)视为历史的遗迹，他们过着简单、固定的生活，坚守着繁琐的、过时的习俗。 人们认为他们抛弃了现代(34)便利和成功发达的美国梦。但大多数人对阿米什人守旧的做事方式没有异议。 战争时期，容忍他们拒服兵役。毕竟，他们是(35)践行勤奋与节俭美德的优秀的农民。26. O)空格位于句子的谓语动词位置，在have之后，据此判断应填动词的过去分词形式，且此动词应为不及物动词。根据句意“一些已经从地球上 了，另一些.”可知，答案为0) vanished "消失气 在备选项中，perceived意为“把 看作，认为"，survived意为“幸存，生还undergone意为“经受，经历”，均不符合文 意，故排除。27. M)空格位于句子的谓语动词位置，处于have之后，据此判断应填动词的过去分词形式，且此动词应为及物 动词，可与changes搭配使用。结合备选项可知，只有M) undergone4'经受，经历”能修饰changeso本句含义 为“它们全都在接触扩张的机器文明的过程中经历了改变”。在备选项中,perceived意为“把……看作，认 为”，不能与changes搭配，且不符合语境，故排除；survived意为“幸存，生还”，不能与changes搭配使用，故 排除。28. D)空格位于不定冠词an之后，名词短语machine civilization之前，据此判断应填形容词，且此形容词应以元 音音素开头。根据句意“它们全都在接触机器文明的过程中经历了改变”可知，答案为D) expanding "扩张 的”。在备选项中,destined意为“注定的,respective意为“各自的,universal意为“全体的，普遍存在的"，这 三个词均以辅音音素开头，不能与an连用，故均排除；industrialized意为：“工业化的”，与文中的“机器文 明”语义重复，故排除。29. K)空格位于句子的谓语动词位置，处于have之后，据此判断应填动词的过去分词形式，且此动词应与in形 成固定搭配。结合备选项可知，K) survived"幸存，生还”符合要求，为正确答案。本句句意为“阿米什人，殖 民时期来到美国，住在独特的、小型的社区，幸存 于现在世界中”。在备选项中,perceived意为“把……看作， 认为”，一般与as连用，且不符合此处语境，故排除。30. H)空格位于整个句子的宾语部分,据此判断应填名词。根据句意“阿米什人比其他人更成功地抗拒了同质 化”可知,process'"过程"符合语境，为正确答案。在备选项中，conveniences意为“便利”，progress意为“进 步”，terminals意为“终点站”，均不能与homogenization搭配使用，故排除。31. L)空格位于名词之后，应能够和railway及bus构成固定搭配，据此判断应填名词。根据句意“很多美国人都曾在火车和汽车 里见过 "可知，答案为L) terminals'"终点站”。在备选项中,conveniences意为“方便,,, progress意为“进步"，均不能与railway or bus搭配，故排除。32. E)空格位于单数名词America之前，据此判断应填形容词。备选项中只有E) industrialized “工业化的"能修 饰America,为正确答案。本句含义为“阿米什人已经与工业化的美国一起生活了两个半世纪”。在备选项 中,destined意为“注定的,respective意为“各自的”，universal意为"全体的，普遍存在的”，均不符合语境， 故排除。33. F)空格位于句子的谓语动词位置，且该句为被动语态，据此判断应填动词的过去分词形式。根据句意“阿米 什人通常被其他美国人—历史的遗迹”可知，答案为F) perceived “把……看作，认为”。34. B)空格位于形容词modern之后，据此判断可填名词。备选项中只有B) conveniences"便利”符合文意要求， 故为正确答案。本句含义为“人们认为他们抛弃了现代便利和成功发达的美国梦”。在备选项中,progress 意为“进步"，与文意不符，且与后面出现的American dream of success and progress重复，古女排除。35. G)空格位于以who引导的定语从句中，且处于主语之后，宾语之前，据此判断应填及物动词。根据句意“阿米什人是 劳动和节俭美德的优秀农民”可知，G) practice"实行，践行”符合文意，故为答案。Section B各国迅速抢占南极洲的有利地位A) 在一座峡湾穿梭、海象豹横卧、冰川覆盖的岛上，俄罗斯在一座能俯瞰其研究基地的山丘上建造了南极洲第 一座东正教教堂。相距骑摩托雪橇不足—小时路程外，中国工人已翻修了长城站，该站是中国在南极洲运行 五个基地计划的至关重要的部分，包括一个室内羽毛球场和足够150人的睡眠区。印度也不甘示弱，其未来 主义的巴拉蒂基地，建造在用134个相连结的船运集装箱撑起的柱子上，像个宇宙飞船。土耳其和伊朗也已 宣布建造基地的计划。B) 自从勘探者竞相将自己国家的国旗插入世界尽头起，一个多世纪已经过去了。未来几十年，该大洲本应该被 作为科学研究基地保护起来，保护其免遭像军事活动和采矿活动的入侵。(42)但是，各个国家纷纷急于在此 扩张自己的影响力，不仅期待那些保护协议到期，而且还觊觎现存的战略和商业机会。C) 新来者正迈入他们视为资源宝库的地方。一些合资企业专注于南极洲已待攫取的资源，像丰富的海洋生物。 运行着这里最先进的基地的韩国正加大其对南冰洋磷虾捕获量。(37)而最近，俄罗斯倾尽全力阻止在这创 建世界最大海洋保护区之一的各种努力。D) (40)一些科学家在研究从南极洲采集冰川的可能性，据估计，南极洲蕴藏着地球上最大的淡水资源。各国继 续进行航天研究和卫星项目来扩展他们全球导航的能力。E) (38)建立在苏联时期的据点，俄罗斯正扩展其格洛纳斯监测站，俄罗斯的全球位置测定系统。俄罗斯在南极
洲至少有三个正在运行着的站，这是为挑战美国全球位置测定系统统治地位做出的部分努力，在东•正教圣三 一教堂脚下，新的类似俄罗斯基地的监测站正在筹划中。F） 在南极洲的其他地方，俄罗斯研究员吹嘘他们钻透数英里坚冰后，发现了像安大略湖大小的淡水储量。57岁 的别林斯高晋站站长弗拉基米尔 切博达克，坐在俄罗斯帝国海军高级官员法比安•戈特利布。冯•别林斯 高晋（1820年，探索南极洲海岸）的画像下面，喝着茶说“你们看得出，我们就待在这啦。”G） 南极洲丰富的矿产、石油以及天然气储备对各国而言都是长期的利益所在。禁止在这采矿，保护着令人垂涎 的铁矿石、煤炭以及铭储量的协议将于2048年到期。最近，研究员发现金伯利岩矿床，暗示着钻石的存在。 （39）尽管很多评定各不相同，但地质学家估计南极洲储存至少360亿桶石油和天然气。H） （43）除了南极洲协议，开采这些资源的巨大障碍仍然存在，例如，漂流的冰川可能会危机海上平台。此外，南 极洲过于广袤，一些矿藏所在地饱受暴风吹袭。这片大陆的面积比欧洲还要大，冬天的气温在零下55度左右。I） 三十年后，科技的进步也许会使南极洲更易开发。（41）在那之前，学者警告说，能源缺乏的世界对资源的要求 会加大重新商议南极洲协议的压力，允许更多的商业企图在禁令到期之前出现在这。随着各国坚持自己的主 张，乔治国王岛的研究站提供了一次机会，一窥在冰川覆盖的大洲上的耗时游戏，削弱了美国、英国、澳大利亚 以及新西兰这些国家的长期统治。J） 驻扎在南极洲涉及到适应地球上最干、风最大及最寒冷的大洲，然而每个国家都设法使自己感觉在家一样。 长胡子俄罗斯牧师在东正教教堂为大约16个俄国人提供定期服务，这些人在基地过冬，他们大多都是冰川与 气象领域的极地科学家。在温暖的夏季月份，大约会有40人。中国大概是在南极洲相关活动增加最快的国 家。去年，中国开设了其第四个观测站，正继续计划建第五个。中国在建其第二个破冰船，在地球上最寒冷的 地方，海拔13,422英尺的冰穹上开展研究钻孔作业。（36）中国官员说，在南极洲的拓展以科学研究为重点, 但他们也承认对“资源安全”的担心影响着他们的行动。K） 中国最近翻新了位于乔治王岛上的长城站，使这里的俄罗斯与智力的基地显得有点落后了。在11月末一场 剧烈的暴风雪期间，53岁的中国基地站长徐宁喝着茶说“我们检测天气，还做其他的研究。”假期间，他管理的 巨大的基地就像是被大雪封锁的大学校园。整个冬季，只有13个人住在这个足以容纳十倍以上人员的地 方。中国的微生物学家余勇炫耀这宽敞的建筑，空空的办公桌，有插图的时间表详述了自20世纪80年代以 来中国的南极洲运作的迅速发展。他说“我们整装待发。"L） 随着各国扩展其在南极洲的行动，美国在这里保持三个站的全年运作，南半球夏季期间，驻扎在此的人数超 过了 1000人，其中包括驻扎在阿蒙森。斯科特站的人员，该站于1956年建在海拔9,301英尺的南极高原上。（45）但美国研究员私下里抱怨预算限制，破冰船少于俄罗斯限制了美国在南极洲的扩展进程。M） 学者警告说，在该大洲协议重新商议之前，南极洲的政治摇摆就模糊了军事与民事活动的界限，特别是在拦 截卫星信号或是重新布置卫星系统的理想地点，这些活动可能会提高全球电子情报活动的能力。N） 一些国家在这经历着困难,1984年，巴西开放一研究站，但在2012年，大部分被大火毁坏，两名海员丧生火 海，同年，一艘巴西的装满柴油的驳船在基地附近沉海。这好像还不够，一架巴西C-130大力神军用运输飞机 自从2014年紧急降落后，仍搁浅在智力航空基地的跑道附近。O） 然而，巴西的霉运为中国创造了机会,2015年一家中国公司获得了 1亿美元的重新建造巴西站的合同。P） 在所有这些变化中，南极洲保持着其诱惑”。2014年，韩国开放了其第二南极科研基地，说是检验韩国研究 员研发的用于极端环境的机器人。在俄罗斯的帮助下，白俄罗斯正准备建造其第一座南极科研基地。今年， 哥伦比亚说计划加入在南极洲建基地的南美国家的行列中。Q） （44）伦敦大学专门研究南极洲的政治学者克劳斯“多兹说，“南极洲被欧洲、澳大利亚、北美白人的利益及愿 望统治的日子结束了。现实是，南极洲是地缘政治的竞争目标。”36. J）由题干关键词Chinese officials定位至J）段，该段最后一句提到，中国官员表示，在南极洲的拓展以科学研 究为重点。题干中的lay greater emphasis on对应原文中的prioritises,故答案为J）。37. C）由题干关键词 one of the world's largest ocean sanctuaries 和 Russia's 定位至 C）段，该段最后一句提到， 俄罗斯最近也倾尽全力阻止在此建立世界上最大的海洋保护区之一。题干中的obstruction对应原文中的 frustrated ,故答案为 C）。38. E）由题干关键词monitoring stations和Russia定位至E）段，该段指出，在苏联时代的据点之上，俄罗斯正在 扩展它的格洛纳斯监测站，也就是俄罗斯版本的全球定位系统。目前在南极洲至少已经有三个运营的站点， 这也是俄罗斯为挑战美国GPS全球定位系统的统治地位而做出的努力。题干中的counter America's domiu001fnance 对应原文中的 challenge the dominance of the American GPS,故答案为 E） 039. G）由题干关键词geologists, Antarctica和oil and natural gas定位至G）段，该段最后一句提到，尽管评估各 不相同，但是据地质学家预计，南极洲至少蕴藏了 360亿桶石油和天然气。题干中的enormous reserves对应 原文中的 at least 36 billion barrels,故答案为 G）。40. D）由题干关键词Antarctica和fresh water定位至D）段，该段第一句提到，据估测，南极冰山蕴藏着地球上 最大的淡水资源。题干中的on earth对应原文中的on the planet,故答案为D）。41. I）由题干关键词Antarctica's treaties定位至D段，该段第二句提到，学者们宣称，在这样一个急需能源的世 界，对于资源的需求可能会促使各国重新协商南极条约，使之在禁令到期之前就允许更多商业上的诉求。题 干中的compel对应原文中的raise pressure to,故答案为I）。42. B）由题干关键词strategic定位至B）段，该段最后一句提到，但是很多国家急于在此扩张影响力，不仅着眼于 保护条约期限内的利益，更是觊觎已经存在的战略和商业机会。题干中的racing对应原文中的rushing； business对应原文中的commercial,故答案为B） 043. H）由题干关键词huge obstacles定位至H）段，该段第一句提到，除了南极条约，开发这些资源也面临着一些 其他的巨大阻碍，比如可能会危及近海平台的漂移冰山。题干中的harsh natural conditions指的是定位段中 提到的drifting Icebergs that could jeopardise offshore platforms及之后提到的暴风、温度等问题；题干中的 exploitation of its resources 对应原文巾的 tapping these resources,故答案为 H） o44. Q）由题干关键词dominated定位至Q）段，该段第一句提到，伦敦大学专门研究南极洲的政治学者克劳斯• 多兹说，“南极洲被欧洲、澳大利亚、北美白人的利益及愿望统治的日子结束了。题干中的is no longer domi- nated对应原文中的are over,故答案为Q）。45. L）由题干关键词complain about定位至L）段，该段最后一句提到，美国研究人员悄悄抱怨称，他们的预算相 当紧张，而且破冰设备数量也远不及俄罗斯，这些因素限制了美在南极洲的开拓进程。题干中的lack of sufu001fficient money 对应原文中的 budget restraints；equipment 对应原文中的 fewer icebreakers,故答案为 L）。Section CPassage One（46） 任何老烟民将证明精美的包装对于决定是否继续吸烟不会造成影响。所以，去掉烟盒上的品牌不会导 致大规模戒烟运动。（47） 但这不是政府——在癌症慈善机构、卫生工作者以及劳工党的压力下——同意通过法律规定标准包装 的原因。该理论认为削弱吸烟的吸引力，从而劝阻下一代开始抽烟。简单包装是另一个方法，将香烟从诱人的 消费品重新归类到麻醉剂。自然地，烟草行业会强烈反对。没行业会承认其销售会使人上瘾的毒品作为生活方式的选择。这是政府过 去干涉、禁止广告、强制烟草健康警语以及惩罚性关税的原因。经过一段时间，这种措施导致吸烟人数减少，自 20世纪70年代以来吸烟人数几乎下降了_半。（48）澳大利亚的证据表明简单包装使吸烟人数进一步下降。因 为在英国，烟草是导致非自然死亡最大的原因之一，能改变吸烟习惯的措施，哪怕一点点，也值得一试。采用简单包装为何等了这么长的时间？ （49）2010年11月，卫生部宣布其采取该措施目的，2012年全年都 在商议。但该计划于2013年7月被暂停。人们注意到由戴维•卡梅伦的竞选主任林顿•克罗斯比创立了游说 公司，之前代理菲利普”莫里斯国际。（总理否认他的新顾问的外部利益与立法程序的变化之间存在着联系。） 2013年11月，一轮不必要的额外磋商后，卫生部长简•埃里森政府打算继续进行立法。现在我们被告知，议会 议员在3月议会解散之前可自由投票。实际上，议会已授权政府控制烟草贸易。去年2月，议会议员多数票支持对儿童和家庭法案的工党的修正 案，包括调整为简单包装的权力。若政府有足够的意志，这早已经通过啦。卡梅伦先生与公共健康都欠缺意志 力。（5。）他对于政府干涉的态度看起来很困惑，从2006年的叹惜，巧克力橙子极具诱惑地放在超市的收银台上 加剧了肥胖。政府不情愿地参与一项明智的公共健康政策，但由于过于谨慎以至于应得的政治信用落入反对党囊中。没 有外部持续的压力，似乎确定的是卡梅伦先生仍沉迷于大型烟草公司的利益中。46. D）由题干中的chain smokers和cigarette packaging定位到文章第一段第一句。chain smokers和定位句中 的veteran nicotine addict意思接近，都是指老烟民，定位句指出“任何老烟民都会证明精美的包装对于决定
是否继续吸烟不会造成影响”，由此可见，香烟的包装对于老烟民们决定是否戒烟的影响很小，故答案为D）。
-47. A）由题干中的the UK government和tobacco packaging定位到文章第二段第一句。定位句指出“但这并不 是政府——在癌症慈善机构、卫生工作者和工党的压力之下——同意对标准化包装进行立法的原因。”由此 可知，政府已同意通过立法将香烟包装标准化，故答案为A）。
48. B）由题干中的Australia和plain packaging定位到文章第三段第五句。定位句的前一句指出，禁止香烟广 告、发出健康警告、税收等措施已使英国的吸畑人数自20世纪70年代以来大约减少了一半，定位句中的a- long that road是指吸烟人数下降,further 一词表明平装让澳大利亚的吸烟人数下降得比英国还要多，故答 案为B）。
49. A）由题干中的Why has it taken so long定位到文章第四段第二至四句。第四段第二句提到卫生部于2010 年11月宣布要考虑平装并在整个2012年期间一直协商，这表明英国政府花费了漫长的时间考虑平装。紧 接着在第三句和第四句指出了原因，釆用平装的计划于2013年7月被搁置，并且戴维 卡梅伦的竞选主管 林顿 克罗斯比创立的一家游说公司以前曾代理过菲利普 莫里斯国际公司，由此可知卡梅伦首相对于釆 用平装并不情愿，故答案为A）。
50. C）由题干中的chocolate oranges at supermarket checkouts定位到文章第五段最后一句。定位句指出，卡梅 伦先在2006年非常怪地叹息道，摆放在超市收银台上极具诱感性地的橙子巧克力加剧了肥胖，由此可知，卡 梅伦认为超市收银台的橙子巧克力让更多的英人变胖，故答案为C）。
Passage Two
真是浪费钱！作为平均44,000英镑债务的回报，英国大学生每星期只获得14小时的上课和辅导时间。在 过去的10年，年费从1000英镑上涨到了 9000英镑，但大学里师生接触时间几乎没有变动。（52）甚至大学毕业 不保证找到一份体面的工作，现今10个毕业生有6个从事不需要大学文凭的工作。
