想在容器中使用python 但python的官方镜像太过于精简 里面不管是yum还是vi 还是vim都没有安装 使用起来比较不方便 于是决定在centos基础镜像中安装python环境 具体步骤和遇到的问题如下
下载centos官方镜像
[root lingg ~]# docker pull centos
运行centos镜像
[root lingg ~]# docker run -it 镜像ID /bin/bash
安装python环境
yum -y install python3
查看python版本
[root 3e3dc19e8e08 /]# python3 Python 3.6.8 (default, Mar 19 2021, 05:13:41) [GCC 8.4.1 20200928 (Red Hat 8.4.1-1)] on linux Type help , copyright , credits or license for more information.
导入包cv2失败
[root 3e3dc19e8e08 /]# python3 Python 3.6.8 (default, Mar 19 2021, 05:13:41) [GCC 8.4.1 20200928 (Red Hat 8.4.1-1)] on linux Type help , copyright , credits or license for more information. import cv2 Traceback (most recent call last): File stdin , line 1, in module ModuleNotFoundError: No module named cv2
安装opencv-python
[root 3e3dc19e8e08 /]# pip3 install opencv-python WARNING: Running pip install with root privileges is generally not a good idea. Try pip3 install --user instead. Collecting opencv-python Retrying (Retry(total 4, connect None, read None, redirect None, status None)) after connection broken by ConnectTimeoutError( pip._vendor.urllib3.connection.VerifiedHTTPSConnection object at 0x7fcaf7138f28 , Connection to pypi.python.org timed out. (connect timeout 15) ) : /simple/opencv-python/
解决
临时性解决可以在使用pip的时候在后面加上-i参数 指定pip源 eg: pip install opencv-python -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple永久性解决
mkdir ~/.pip vim ~/.pip/pip.conf
提示vim :command not found的话换成vi ~/.pip/pip.conf
然后在pip.conf中输入
[global] index-url https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
报错
Collecting opencv-python Downloading http://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/01/9b/be08992293fb21faf35ab98e06924d7407fcfca89d89c5de65442631556a/opencv-python-4.5.3.56.tar.gz (89.2MB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 89.2MB 13.9MB/s Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info: Traceback (most recent call last): File string , line 1, in module File /tmp/pip-build-s_bpkw_2/opencv-python/setup.py , line 10, in module import skbuild ModuleNotFoundError: No module named skbuild
解决
pip3 install scikit-build
报错
Building wheels for collected packages: opencv-python Running setup.py bdist_wheel for opencv-python ... error Complete output from command /usr/bin/python3.6 -u -c import setuptools, tokenize;__file__ /tmp/pip-build-nnxlnrca/opencv-python/setup.py f getattr(tokenize, open , open)(__file__);code f.read().replace( rn , n f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, exec )) bdist_wheel -d /tmp/tmp2i6xp72gpip-wheel- --python-tag cp36: Traceback (most recent call last): File /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/skbuild/setuptools_wrap.py , line 564, in setup cmkr cmaker.CMaker(cmake_executable) File /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/skbuild/cmaker.py , line 95, in __init__ self.cmake_version get_cmake_version(self.cmake_executable) File /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/skbuild/cmaker.py , line 82, in get_cmake_version Problem with the CMake installation, aborting build. CMake executable is %s % cmake_executable) Problem with the CMake installation, aborting build. CMake executable is cmake ---------------------------------------- Failed building wheel for opencv-python Running setup.py clean for opencv-python Failed to build opencv-python Installing collected packages: numpy, opencv-python Running setup.py install for opencv-python ... error Complete output from command /usr/bin/python3.6 -u -c import setuptools, tokenize;__file__ /tmp/pip-build-nnxlnrca/opencv-python/setup.py f getattr(tokenize, open , open)(__file__);code f.read().replace( rn , n f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, exec )) install --record /tmp/pip-tuz2u8xk-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile: Traceback (most recent call last): File /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/skbuild/setuptools_wrap.py , line 564, in setup cmkr cmaker.CMaker(cmake_executable) File /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/skbuild/cmaker.py , line 95, in __init__ self.cmake_version get_cmake_version(self.cmake_executable) File /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/skbuild/cmaker.py , line 82, in get_cmake_version Problem with the CMake installation, aborting build. CMake executable is %s % cmake_executable) Problem with the CMake installation, aborting build. CMake executable is cmake ---------------------------------------- Command /usr/bin/python3.6 -u -c import setuptools, tokenize;__file__ /tmp/pip-build-nnxlnrca/opencv-python/setup.py ;f getattr(tokenize, open , open)(__file__);code f.read().replace( rn , n );f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, exec )) install --record /tmp/pip-tuz2u8xk-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-nnxlnrca/opencv-python/
解决 升级pip
pip3 install --upgrade pip
报错
[root 3e3dc19e8e08 /]# python3 Python 3.6.8 (default, Mar 19 2021, 05:13:41) [GCC 8.4.1 20200928 (Red Hat 8.4.1-1)] on linux Type help , copyright , credits or license for more information. import cv2 Traceback (most recent call last): File stdin , line 1, in module File /usr/local/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/cv2/__init__.py , line 5, in module from .cv2 import * importError: libGL.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
解决
pip3 uninstall opencv-python pip3 install opencv-python-headless
同时按住Ctrl p q退出容器 保证容器不关闭。
然后执行docker ps命令查看当前运行中的容器
ConTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 3e3dc19e8e08 5d0da3dc9764 /bin/bash 29 minutes ago Up 29 minutes
将配置好环境的docker commit成一个新的镜像
docker commit 3e3dc19e8e08 lingg/centos:3.6.8
执行docker images命令查看刚刚commit的镜像
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE lingg/centos 3.6.8 898e55b46a3d 27 seconds ago 639MB
向/root/centos-py/目录下拷贝两张照片
[root lingg ~]# cp images/275cd4eb-8825-49ad-b2fa-44d9aa67c0c6.png images/67f7b6b4-5324-4e2d-935f-7d04b6d8a85a.png ./centos-py/
启动新镜像 将/root/centos-py/目录挂载到镜像里面的/usr/lcoal/src目录下
[root lingg ~]# docker run -it -v /root/centos-py/:/usr/local/src --name python -p 10000:8080 898e55b46a /bin/bash
查看照片shape属性
[root c3dadddc745e src]# python3 Python 3.6.8 (default, Mar 19 2021, 05:13:41) [GCC 8.4.1 20200928 (Red Hat 8.4.1-1)] on linux Type help , copyright , credits or license for more information. import cv2 image cv2.imread( /usr/local/src/275cd4eb-8825-49ad-b2fa-44d9aa67c0c6.png ) print(image.shape) (80, 320, 3)
成功
