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基于网络药理学的山奈酚参与血府逐瘀汤治疗2型糖尿病作用机制研究

基于网络药理学的山奈酚参与血府逐瘀汤治疗2型糖尿病作用机制研究

王松松 黄慧珍 苏陈颖 林凡 黄明辉 方敏

[关键词] 网络药理学;山奈酚;2型糖尿病;治疗机制

[中图分类号] R285          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1673-9701(2021)22-0017-03

Research on the mechanism of kaempferol involving in Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on network pharmacology

WANG Songsong   HUANG Huizhen   SU Chenying   LIN Fan   HUANG Minghui   FANG Min

College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Fuzhou   350122, China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the therapeutic mechanism of kaempferol, an important active component of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction, in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by means of network pharmacology. Methods The action target of kaempferol was obtained from the public database of traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology (TCMSP), and the related genes of T2DM were searched by GeneCards database, and the intersection of them was taken as the anti-T2DM target of kaempferol. Then, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of "nti-T2DM target of kaempferol" was constructed by using STRING platform, and the network topology was analyzed by using Cytoscape 3.7.1 software. Then GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of anti-T2DM target protein of kaempferol was carried out by Omishare platform. Results A total of 54 possible anti-T2DM action target of kaempferol were obtained, among which 6 core anti-T2DM target of kaempferol were AKT1,JUN, PTGS2, TNF, CASP3 and MAPK8. Through GO enrichment analysis, 2831 GO items were obtained, including 2355 items in biological process, 181 items in cell composition, and 295 items of molecular function. Through KEGG enrichment analysis, 140 pathways were obtained(P<0.05), including AGE-RAGE,TNF,IL-17 and C-type lectin receptor and other signaling pathways. Conclusion Kaempferol may regulate signaling pathways such as AGE-RAGE, TNF and IL-17 through AKT1, TNF and other core targets, and involve in the role of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction in promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis and treating T2DM.

[Key words] Network pharmacology; Kaempferol; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Therapeutic mechanism

T2DM患病率逐年增长且给全球带来巨大的经济负担。据报道,2010—2030年全球成年人患糖尿病的数量将从2.85亿增加到4.39亿,增长54%[1]。T2DM患者常伴有并发症,如心血管疾病、糖尿病性神经病、肾病和视网膜病变等,显著降低患者的生活质量,探寻T2DM的治疗新药具有重要意义[2]。近年来,中医药治疗糖尿病的优势日益受到关注,祛瘀活血为其重要治则之一。作为活血化瘀经典方——血府逐瘀汤治疗T2DM疗效显著,但机制尚不明确[3]。山奈酚是血府逐瘀汤中的一种重要活性成分,具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗癌和保护神经等作用[4-5]。它能促进骨骼肌葡萄糖代谢,抑制肝糖异生[6],改善细胞胰岛素敏感性[7],激活胰腺β细胞的胰岛素分泌,具有治疗糖尿病的作用[8]。因此,山奈酚可能是血府逐瘀汤改善患者血流、益气活血、化瘀养阴的重要活性成分,但具体的分子机制有待进一步研究。本研究通过网络药理学方法分析山奈酚作用靶標,探讨山奈酚参与血府逐瘀汤治疗T2DM的作用机制,为临床应用和后续研究提供参考,现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 山奈酚作用靶标和T2DM相关基因的获取

在中药系统药理学分析平台(TCMSP)(http://tcmspw.com/)中检索山奈酚的作用靶标,并利用UniProt数据库(https://www.uniprot.org/)对靶标名称进行ID转换。通过GeneCards数据库(https://www.genecards.org/)检索与T2DM相关的基因。

1.2 山奈酚抗T2DM靶标蛋白相互作用网络图的构建

将获得的山奈酚靶标和T2DM相关基因取交集为山奈酚抗T2DM靶标。随后将山奈酚抗T2DM靶标导入STRING(https://string-db.org/)平台,设置蛋白种类为“Homa sapiens”,minimum required interaction score为0.40,默认设置其他参数,并隐藏独立靶标,构建靶蛋白互作(Protein-protein interaction,PPI)网络模型;再将其导入Cytoscape3.7.1软件进行拓扑分析。

1.3 GO与KEGG富集分析

利用Ensembl数据库(http://asia.ensembl.org/index.html)对山奈酚抗T2DM靶标进行ID转换,借助Omishare平台进行基因本体(Gene ontology,GO)与京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)富集分析,以P<0.05进行筛选,并以柱状图展示前20条。

2 结果

2.1 山奈酚作用靶标和T2DM相关基因的信息

检索获得60个山奈酚作用靶蛋白和5436个T2DM相关基因,取上述二者交集,获得山奈酚抗T2DM的可能作用靶标54个。

2.2 山奈酚抗T2DM靶标的PPI网络与拓扑分析

构建山奈酚抗T2DM靶标的PPI网络,通过Cytoscape软件进行拓扑分析得知该网络包含53个节点,327条边,其中节点代表靶蛋白,边代表蛋白与蛋白之间的相互作用。依据评价PPI网络中靶点关系强弱的度值(Degree)确定6个山奈酚抗T2DM核心靶标,分别是RAC-α丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶(Protein kinase B,AKT1)、转录因子AP-1(JUN)、前列腺素G/H合酶2(Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2,PTGS2)、肿瘤坏死因子(Anti-tumor necrosis factor,TNF)、半胱天冬酶3(Caspase-3,CASP3)和丝裂原激活的蛋白激酶8(Mitogen-activated protein kinase 8,MAPK8)。见表1。

2.3 山奈酚抗T2DM靶标的GO与KEGG富集分析

通过对交集靶标进行ID转换得到64个Ensembl ID,导入Omishare平台进行GO分析,得到GO条目2831个(P<0.05),其中生物过程(Biological process,BP)2355个条目,包括调节细胞对刺激的反应、调节有机物的代谢等;细胞组成(Cellular component,CC)181个条目,包括细胞器、胞质、囊泡等;分子功能(Molecular function,MF)295个条目,包括蛋白结合、有机环化合物结合、催化活性等。KEGG富集分析得到140条通路(P<0.05),包括AGE-RAGE、TNF、IL-17、C型凝集素受体等信号通路。见表2、图1。

3 讨论

山奈酚是一种极具潜力的治疗T2DM的药物前体。本研究获得60个山奈酚作用靶标,挖掘出54个山奈酚抗T2DM靶标。网络药理学分析显示,AKT1、JUN、PTGS2、TNF、CASP3和MAPK8可能为山奈酚参与治疗T2DM的核心靶标,AGE-RAGE、TNF、IL-17等通路可能是其参与治疗T2DM的主要信号途径。

AKT1是一种丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶,具有较高的保守性,是磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI3K)/AKT途径的关键信号元件[9]。AKT1已被证明在肝脏、骨骼肌和脂肪等胰岛素敏感组织中表达,可诱导转运葡萄糖转运体表达,促进葡萄糖摄取,调节血糖。AKT1信号的减弱与组织中的胰岛素抵抗有关,可导致T2DM[10]。

TNF信号途径中的肿瘤坏死因子α(Tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)与T2DM发病机制相关[11]。TNF-α的上调可诱导细胞氧化应激,参与糖尿病血管内皮细胞损伤,促使肾小球细胞凋亡[12]。抗TNF-α治疗可消除T细胞对胰岛侵袭和对β细胞破坏,增强β细胞的生存能力,恢复组织对胰岛素的敏感性[13]。

IL-17信号途径与糖尿病视网膜病密切相关。该通路中的白细胞介素IL-17A是一种促炎症细胞因子,可增强糖尿病视网膜炎症、血管通透性和氧化应激[14],可破坏Müller细胞功能,加剧糖尿病性视网膜病变[15]。阻断IL-17A是糖尿病性视网膜病的潜在治疗策略[16]。此外,宋金玉等[17]研究亦发现血府逐瘀汤可通过TNF信号途径和IL-17信号途径调控内皮细胞功能,起到血管保护作用。

AGE-RAGE信号参与T2DM及其多种并发症的发生发展,与T2DM血管并发症“气阴两虚、络脉瘀阻”病机关系密切[18]。如可激活NADPH氧化酶-1(NADPH oxidase 1,NOX-1)和抑制超氧化物歧化酶1(Superoxide dismutase-1,SOD-1)表达,促进糖尿病介导的氧化损伤和血管钙化[19];可刺激多種纤维化生长因子的分泌,促进胶原蛋白沉积,加剧心肌纤维化,损伤心脏功能[20]。

综上所述,山奈酚可能通过AKT1、TNF-α等关键靶标,调节TNF-α、IL-17、AGE-RAGE等信号通路,参与血府逐瘀汤益气活血、化瘀养阴的T2DM治疗过程。

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(收稿日期:2021-02-08)

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