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Thirty-twopeoplewatchedKitty'Genovesebeingkilledrightbeneaththeirwindows.Shewastheirneighbor.Yetnoneofthemhelpedher.Notoneevencalledthepolice.Wasthisgunmancruelty?Wasitlackoffeelingaboutone'sfellowman?
"Notso,"sayscientistsJohnBarleyandBibFatane.Thesemenwentbeyondtheheadlinestoprobethemasonswhypeopledidn'tact.Theyfoundthatapersonhastogothroughtwostepsbeforehecanhelp.Firsthehastonoticethatisanemergency.Supposeyouseeamiddle-agedmanfalltotheside-walk.Ishehavingaheartattack?Isheinacoma(昏迷)fromdiabetes(糖尿病)?Orisheabouttosleepoffadrunk?Isthesmokecomingintotheroomfromaleakintheairconditioning?Isit"steampipes"?Orisitr eallysmokefromafire?It'snotalwayseasytotellifyouarefacedwitharealemergency.
Second,andmoreimportant,thepersonfacedwithanemergencymustfeelpersonallyresponsible.Hemustfeelthathemusthelp,orthepersonwon'tgetthehelpheneeds.Theresearchersfoundthatalotd ependsonhowmanypeoplearearound.Theyhadcollegestudentsintobe"tested".Somecamealone.Somecamewithoneortwoothers.Andsomecameinlargegroups.Thereceptioniststartedthemoffonthe"tests".Thenshewentintothenextr oom.Acurtaindividedthe"testingroom"andtheroomintowhichshewent.Soonthestudentsheardascream,thenoiseoffilecabinetsfallingandacryforhelp.Allofthesehadbeenpre-recordedonatape-recorder.Eightoutoftenofthestudentstakingthetestaloneactedtohelp.Ofthestudentsinpairs,onlytwooutoftenhelped.Ofthestudentsingroups,nonehelped.
Inotherwords,inagroup,Americansoftenfailtoact.Theyfeelthatotherswillact.They,themselves,needn't.Theydonotfeelanydirectr esponsibility.Arepeoplebotheredbysituationswherepeopleareintr ouble?Yes.Scientistsfoundthatthepeoplewereemotional,theysweated,theyhadtr emblinghands.Theyfelttheotherperson'str ouble.Buttheydidnotact.Theywereinagroup.Theiractions,wereshapedbytheactionsofthosetheywerewith.
31.Thepurposeofthispassageis______.
A)toexplainwhypeoplefailtoactinemergencies
B)toexplainwhenpeoplewillactinemergencies
C)toexplainwhatpeoplewilldoinemergencies
D)toexplainhowpeoplefeelinemergencies
正确答案：B答案：B
[试题分析]文章主旨题。
[详细解答]本文主要讲述了科学家们通过实验研究出人们在帮助别人的两个要素，同时指出，事情发生时，有多少人在场，也起决定作用。其目的就是分析在何种情况下，人们才会伸出援助之手。这一点还可以通过文章开头的引子看出来，作者引述这个故事的目的也正是为了提出问题，告知读者写作目的。
