目录

SpringBoot的自动配置

@SpringBootApplication

1.@SpringBootConfiguration

2.@ComponentScan

3.@EnableAutoConfiguration

3.1.@AutoConfigurationPackage

3.2.@Import({AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class})

@Condition

总结：

SpringBoot的自动配置

简化各种Xml配置是SpringBoot的一大特点，SpringBoot使用注解对一些常规配置进行自动配置从而达到简化Xml配置的目的。

那么SpringBoot是如何实现简化配置的呢？答案就在@SpringBootApplication这个小小的注解上。

@SpringBootApplication

通过源码可以看到@SpringBootApplication上的三个注解：@SpringBootConfiguration,@ComponentScan,@EnbleAutoConfiguration。其中@EnableAutoConfiguration是自动配置的核心注解。

@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(
    excludeFilters = {@Filter(
    type = FilterType.CUSTOM,
    classes = {TypeExcludeFilter.class}
), @Filter(
    type = FilterType.CUSTOM,
    classes = {AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class}
)}
)
public @interface SpringBootApplication {

}

1.@SpringBootConfiguration

@SpringBootConfiguration的核心就是@Configuration,其作用就是表明此类为配置类。

@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Configuration
@Indexed
public @interface SpringBootConfiguration {
    @AliasFor(
        annotation = Configuration.class
    )
    boolean proxyBeanMethods() default true;
}

2.@ComponentScan

自动扫描组件，默认扫描该类所在包及其子包下所有带有指定注解的类，将它们自动装配到bean容器中，会被自动装配的注解包括@Controller、@Service、@Component、@Repository等。也可以指定扫描路径。

3.@EnableAutoConfiguration

SpringBoot实现自动配置的核心注解。开启自动配置，自动加载程序所需的默认配置。

其中包含两个注解：@AutoConfigurationPackage以及@Import({AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class})

@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import({AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class})
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {
    String ENABLED_OVERRIDE_PROPERTY = "spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration";

    Class[] exclude() default {};

    String[] excludeName() default {};
}

3.1.@AutoConfigurationPackage

表明自动配置类所在的包。

3.2.@Import({AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class})

可以看到此注解中包含了AutoConfigurationImportSelector类。这个类中有一个非常重要的方法：selectImports（），它几乎涵盖了组件自动装配的所有处理逻辑，包括获得候选配置类、配置类去重、排除不需要的配置类、过滤等，最终返回符合条件的自动配置类的全限定名数组。

public class AutoConfigurationImportSelector implements DeferredImportSelector, BeanClassLoaderAware, ResourceLoaderAware, BeanFactoryAware, EnvironmentAware, Ordered {
    public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
        if (!this.isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
            return NO_IMPORTS;
        } else {
            AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry autoConfigurationEntry = this.getAutoConfigurationEntry(annotationMetadata);
            return StringUtils.toStringArray(autoConfigurationEntry.getConfigurations());
        }
    }
}

 由this.getAutoConfigurationEntry()方法进入getCandidateConfiguration()方法。

 protected AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry getAutoConfigurationEntry(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
        if (!this.isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
            return EMPTY_ENTRY;
        } else {
            AnnotationAttributes attributes = this.getAttributes(annotationMetadata);
            List configurations = this.getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);
            configurations = this.removeDuplicates(configurations);
            Set exclusions = this.getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);
            this.checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);
            configurations.removeAll(exclusions);
            configurations = this.getConfigurationClassFilter().filter(configurations);
            this.fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);
            return new AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry(configurations, exclusions);
        }
    }

getCandidateConfigurations()方法进入SpringFactoriesLoader加载器加载META-INF/spring.factories文件。

protected List getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
        List configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(this.getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), this.getBeanClassLoader());
        Assert.notEmpty(configurations, "No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct.");
        return configurations;
    }

通过spring.factories文件获取到每个配置类的url，将其封装成一个个Properties对象，存于Map>中，最后通过loadFactoryNames传递过来的class名称作为Key从Map中获得该类的配置列表，返回符合条件的自动配置类的全限定名数组。 

private static Map> loadSpringFactories(ClassLoader classLoader) {
        Map> result = (Map)cache.get(classLoader);
        if (result != null) {
            return result;
        } else {
            HashMap result = new HashMap();

            try {
                Enumeration urls = classLoader.getResources("META-INF/spring.factories");

                while(urls.hasMoreElements()) {
                    URL url = (URL)urls.nextElement();
                    UrlResource resource = new UrlResource(url);
                    Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
                    Iterator var6 = properties.entrySet().iterator();

                    while(var6.hasNext()) {
                        Entry entry = (Entry)var6.next();
                        String factoryTypeName = ((String)entry.getKey()).trim();
                        String[] factoryImplementationNames = StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray((String)entry.getValue());
                        String[] var10 = factoryImplementationNames;
                        int var11 = factoryImplementationNames.length;

                        for(int var12 = 0; var12 < var11; ++var12) {
                            String factoryImplementationName = var10[var12];
                            ((List)result.computeIfAbsent(factoryTypeName, (key) -> {
                                return new ArrayList();
                            })).add(factoryImplementationName.trim());
                        }
                    }
                }

                result.replaceAll((factoryType, implementations) -> {
                    return (List)implementations.stream().distinct().collect(Collectors.collectingAndThen(Collectors.toList(), Collections::unmodifiableList));
                });
                cache.put(classLoader, result);
                return result;
            } catch (IOException var14) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load factories from location [META-INF/spring.factories]", var14);
            }
        }
    }

 

@Condition

我们得到了一个自动配置类的全限定名数组后，这些配置类需要在满足@Condition后才能真正的被注册到Spring容器之中。

总结：