首先以student用户身份并使用student作为密码登录workstation.
登录workstation
[kiosk@foundation0 ~]$ ssh student@workstation
Warning: Permanently added 'workstation,172.25.250.9' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
Activate the web console with: systemctl enable --now cockpit.socket
在workstation 上，运行 lab data-facts start 命令。该脚本将创建工作目录data-facts，并为它填充ansible 配置文件和主机清单。
1、以student用户身份，在workstation 上更改到 /home/student/data-facts 目录。
[student@workstation ~]$ cd ~/data-facts
[student@workstation data-facts]$
2、ansible setup模块从系统检索事实。运行一个临时命令，检索webserver 组中所有服务器的事实。输出中将以JSON 格斯显示为servera.lab.example.com 收集的所有事实。检查显示的部分变量。
[student@workstation data-facts]$ ansible webserver -m setup
servera.lab.example.com | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [
"172.25.250.10"
],
"ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": [
"fe80::3b38:6d9e:2e0a:6444",
"fe80::e6c5:468e:edb6:9b52"
], ……
3、在workstation 上，创建名为 /home/student/data-facts/custom.fact 的事实文件。该事实文件定义要在servera上安装的软件包和启动的服务。该文件应当如下所示：
[student@workstation data-facts]$ vim custom.fact
添加：
[general]
package = httpd
service = httpd
state = started
enabled = true
4、创建 setup_facts.yml playbook, 以生成 /etc/ansible/facts.d 运程目录并将 custom.fact 文件保存到目录。
[student@workstation data-facts]$ vim setup_facts.yml
添加：
---
- name: Instsall remote facts
hosts: webserver
vars:
remote_dir: /etc/ansible/facts.d
facts_file: custom.fact
tasks:
- name: Create the remote directory
file:
state: directory
recurse: yes
path: "{{ remote_dir }}"
- name: Install the new facts
copy:
src: "{{ facts_file }}"
dest: "{{ remote_dir }}"
5、使用setup 模块运行一个临时命令。搜索输出中的 ansible_local 部分。这是应当没有任何自定义事实。
[student@workstation data-facts]$ ansible webserver -m setup
servera.lab.example.com | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [
"172.25.250.10"
],
"ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": [
"fe80::e6c5:468e:edb6:9b52"
],
……
6、运行该playbook前，通过云更新ansible-palybook --syntax-check 来验证其语法是否正确。弱国报告任何错误，请更正后再继续下一步。您因看到类似于下文的输出：
[student@workstation data-facts]$ ansible-playbook --syntax-check setup_facts.yml
playbook: setup_facts.yml
7、运行setup_facts.yml playbook.
[student@workstation data-facts]$ ansible-playbook --syntax-check setup_facts.yml
playbook: setup_facts.yml
[student@workstation data-facts]$ ansible-playbook setup_facts.yml
PLAY [Instsall remote facts] ***************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *********************************************************
ok: [servera.lab.example.com]
TASK [Create the remote directory] *********************************************
ok: [servera.lab.example.com]
TASK [Install the new facts] ***************************************************
changed: [servera.lab.example.com]
PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************
servera.lab.example.com : ok=3 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
8、现在可以创建主playbook ，以同时使用默认事实和用户事实来配置wevera.在接下来的几步中，您要向playboo 文件添加内容。创建playbook.yml playbook ,使其包含以下内容：
[student@workstation data-facts]$ vim playbook.yml
添加：
---
- name: Install Apache and starts the service
hosts: webserver
tasks:
- name: Install the required package
yum:
name: "{{ ansible_facts['ansible_local']['custom']['general']['package'] }}"
state: latest
- name: Start the service
service:
name: "{{ ansible_facts['ansible_local']['custom']['general']['service'] }}"
state: "{{ ansible_facts['ansible_local']['custom']['general']['state'] }}"
enabled: "{{ ansible_facts['ansible_local']['custom']['general']['enabled'] }}"
9、在运行playbook前，先使用临时命令验证httpd服务目前尚未在servera上运行。
[student@workstation data-facts]$ ansible servera.lab.example.com -m command -a 'systemctl status httpd'
servera.lab.example.com | FAILED | rc=4 >>
Unit httpd.service could not be found.non-zero return code
10、通过运行ansible-playbook --syntax-check ,验证playbook 的语法。如果报告任何错误，请更正后再继续下一步。您应看到类似于下文的输出：
[student@workstation data-facts]$ ansible-playbook --syntax-check playbook.yml
playbook: playbook.yml
11、使用ansible-playbook 命令运行该playbook.观察输出结果，ansible将先安装软件包，然后启用服务。
[student@workstation data-facts]$ ansible-playbook playbook.yml
PLAY [Install Apache and starts the service] ***********************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *********************************************************
ok: [servera.lab.example.com]
TASK [Install the required package] ********************************************
changed: [servera.lab.example.com]
TASK [Start the service] *******************************************************
changed: [servera.lab.example.com]
PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************
servera.lab.example.com : ok=3 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
12、使用一个临时命令来执行systemctl ,以确定servera 现在是否在运行httpd 服务。
[student@workstation data-facts]$ ansible servera.lab.example.com -m command -a 'systemctl status httpd'
servera.lab.example.com | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2022-05-24 05:17:58 CST; 1min 51s ago
Docs: man:httpd.service(8)
Main PID: 3279 (httpd)
Status: "Running, listening on: port 80"
Tasks: 213 (limit: 4956)
Memory: 42.8M
CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
……
完成
在workstation上，运行 lab data-facts finish 脚本俩清理本实验中创建的资源.
[student@workstation ~]$ lab data-facts finish
Cleaning up the lab on servera.lab.example.com:
· Removing httpd.............................................. SUCCESS
· Removing custom facts....................................... SUCCESS
