使用Prometheus监控华为交换机主要是利用snmp_exporter来获取开启了snmp agent的网络设备上的信息。snmp具体的协议和prometheus的搭建不做详细介绍了，主要介绍下node_exporter的使用方法，主要是snmp.yaml文件自定义是个坎儿。
1. 交换机开启snmp
snmp-agent #开启snmp客户端snmp-agent community read abc #设置读团体名:自己定义一个字符串snmp-agent community write cde #设置写团体名:自己定义一个字符串snmp-agent sys-info version all #配置SNMP版本 (all是所有版本)snmp-agent sys-info contact MR.LI-tel:8002 #设置联系方式snmp-agent sys-info location 3rd-flood #设置设备位置snmp-agent target-host trap address udp-domain 172.16.149.253 params securityname abc #允许向172.16.149.253发送Trap报文，使用的团体名为public
2. 下载snmp_exporter
GitHub地址 https://github.com/prometheus/snmp_exporter
我们可以下载编译好的二进制文件，下载地址如下：
https://github.com/prometheus/snmp_exporter/releases/download/v0.19.0/snmp_exporter-0.19.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
3.配置文件snmp.yml 需要使用 Generator生成器
安装编译环境工具
sudo yum install gcc gcc-g++ make net-snmp net-snmp-utils net-snmp-libs net-snmp-devel gogo get github.com/prometheus/snmp_exporter/generatorexport GOPROXY=https://goproxy.cn #设置下代理，否正会提示golang.org无法连接cd ${GOPATH-$HOME/go}/src/github.com/prometheus/snmp_exporter/generatorgo build #生成二级制文件generator
或者使用docker (需要解决一些网络问题)
make mibsdocker build -t snmp-generator .docker run -ti -v "${PWD}:/opt/" snmp-generator generate
4. 寻找Mibs，修改generator.yml
华为的网络设备mib文件下载地址，这个GitHub上主流的网络设备都有，大家可以收藏下。
https://github.com/librenms/librenms/tree/master/mibs/huawei
建议mib文件保存到 $HOME/.snmp/mibs 或者/usr/local/share/snmp/mibs 下。
对应厂商的OID有些区别，OID寻找有些耗时，可以在官网或者mib文件下寻找，同时我们可以测试下OID是否可用，可以使用测试工具snmpwalk
sudo yum -y install net-snmp-utils #安装snmpwalk
使用snmpwalk一步步测试oid是否可用，例如
snmpwalk -v 2c 192.168.2.132 -c abc 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.31.1.1.1.1.7.67108873
修改generator.yml 文件
自定义的华为交换机generator.yml的简单示例
modules: hw: version: 2 auth: community: abc walk: - 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.6.3.4.1.2 # hwCpuDevDuty - 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.6.3.4.1.3 # hwAvgDuty1min - 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.6.3.4.1.4 # hwAvgDuty5min - 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.6.3.5.1.1.2 # hwMemoryDevSize - 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.6.3.5.1.1.3 # hwMemoryDevFree - 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.6.3.5.1.1.4 # hwMemoryDevRawSliceUsed - 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.31.1.1.1.1.7 # hwEntityMemUsage retries: 3 timeout: 10s
官网上的详细示例说明
modules: module_name: # 模块名称。您可以根据需要拥有任意数量的模块。 walk: # OID列表 walk. 也可以是SNMP对象名称或特定实例 - 1.3.6.1.2.1.2 # Same as "interfaces" - sysUpTime # Same as "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3" - 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.6.40 # Instance of "ifHCInOctets" with index "40" version: 2 # 要使用的SNMP版本。默认值为2 # 1 will use GETNEXT, 2 and 3 use GETBULK. max_repetitions: 25 # How many objects to request with GET/GETBULK, defaults to 25. # May need to be reduced for buggy devices. retries: 3 # 重试失败请求的次数, defaults to 3. timeout: 5s # 每个SNMP请求的超时, defaults to 5s. auth: # Community string is used with SNMP v1 and v2. Defaults to "public". community: public # v3 has different and more complex settings. # Which are required depends on the security_level. # The equivalent options on NetSNMP commands like snmpbulkwalk # and snmpget are also listed. See snmpcmd(1). username: user # Required, no default. -u option to NetSNMP. security_level: noAuthNoPriv # Defaults to noAuthNoPriv. -l option to NetSNMP. # Can be noAuthNoPriv, authNoPriv or authPriv. password: pass # Has no default. Also known as authKey, -A option to NetSNMP. # Required if security_level is authNoPriv or authPriv. auth_protocol: MD5 # MD5 or SHA, defaults to MD5. -a option to NetSNMP. # Used if security_level is authNoPriv or authPriv. priv_protocol: DES # DES or AES, defaults to DES. -x option to NetSNMP. # Used if security_level is authPriv. priv_password: otherPass # Has no default. Also known as privKey, -X option to NetSNMP. # Required if security_level is authPriv. context_name: context # Has no default. -n option to NetSNMP. # Required if context is configured on the device. lookups: # Optional list of lookups to perform. # The default for `keep_source_indexes` is false. Indexes must be unique for this option to be used. # If the index of a table is bsnDot11EssIndex, usually that'd be the label # on the resulting metrics from that table. Instead, use the index to # lookup the bsnDot11EssSsid table entry and create a bsnDot11EssSsid label # with that value. - source_indexes: [bsnDot11EssIndex] lookup: bsnDot11EssSsid drop_source_indexes: false # If true, delete source index labels for this lookup. # This avoids label clutter when the new index is unique. overrides: # Allows for per-module overrides of bits of MIBs metricName: ignore: true # Drops the metric from the output. regex_extracts: Temp: # A new metric will be created appending this to the metricName to become metricNameTemp. - regex: '(.*)' # Regex to extract a value from the returned SNMP walks's value. value: '$1' # The result will be parsed as a float64, defaults to $1. Status: - regex: '.*Example' value: '1' # The first entry whose regex matches and whose value parses wins. - regex: '.*' value: '0' type: DisplayString # Override the metric type, possible types are: # gauge: An integer with type gauge. # counter: An integer with type counter. # OctetString: A bit string, rendered as 0xff34. # DateAndTime: An RFC 2579 DateAndTime byte sequence. If the device has no time zone data, UTC is used. # DisplayString: An ASCII or UTF-8 string. # PhysAddress48: A 48 bit MAC address, rendered as 00:01:02:03:04:ff. # Float: A 32 bit floating-point value with type gauge. # Double: A 64 bit floating-point value with type gauge. # InetAddressIPv4: An IPv4 address, rendered as 1.2.3.4. # InetAddressIPv6: An IPv6 address, rendered as 0102:0304:0506:0708:090A:0B0C:0D0E:0F10. # InetAddress: An InetAddress per RFC 4001. Must be preceded by an InetAddressType. # InetAddressMissingSize: An InetAddress that violates section 4.1 of RFC 4001 by # not having the size in the index. Must be preceded by an InetAddressType. # EnumAsInfo: An enum for which a single timeseries is created. Good for constant values. # EnumAsStateSet: An enum with a time series per state. Good for variable low-cardinality enums. # Bits: An RFC 2578 BITS construct, which produces a StateSet with a time series per bit.
挺华为芯
执行snmp.yaml生成器
generator generate 当前目录下
generator generate --output.path="$OMD_ROOT/etc/prometheus_snmp_exporter/snmp.yml"
新生成的snmp.yaml文件如下：
# WARNING: This file was auto-generated using snmp_exporter generator, manual changes will be lost.hw: walk: - 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.6.3.4.1.2 - 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.6.3.4.1.3 - 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.6.3.4.1.4 - 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.6.3.5.1.1.2 - 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.6.3.5.1.1.3 - 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.6.3.5.1.1.4 get: - 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.31.1.1.1.1.7.67108873 metrics: - name: hwEntityMemUsage oid: 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.31.1.1.1.1.7 type: gauge help: The memory usage for the entity - 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.31.1.1.1.1.7 indexes: - labelname: entPhysicalIndex type: gauge - name: hwCpuDevDuty oid: 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.6.3.4.1.2 type: gauge help: The overall CPU duty percentage in the last 5-second period. - 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.6.3.4.1.2 indexes: - labelname: hwFrameIndex type: gauge - labelname: hwSlotIndex type: gauge - labelname: hwCpuDevIndex type: gauge - name: hwAvgDuty1min oid: 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.6.3.4.1.3 type: gauge help: The overall CPU duty percentage in the last 1 minute period. - 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.6.3.4.1.3 indexes: - labelname: hwFrameIndex type: gauge - labelname: hwSlotIndex type: gauge - labelname: hwCpuDevIndex type: gauge - name: hwAvgDuty5min oid: 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.6.3.4.1.4 type: gauge help: The overall CPU duty percentage in the last 5-minute period. - 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.6.3.4.1.4 indexes: - labelname: hwFrameIndex type: gauge - labelname: hwSlotIndex type: gauge - labelname: hwCpuDevIndex type: gauge - name: hwMemoryDevSize oid: 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.6.3.5.1.1.2 type: gauge help: Indicates the total size of the memory module which is on the managed object.Its unit is byte. - 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.6.3.5.1.1.2 indexes: - labelname: hwFrameIndex type: gauge - labelname: hwSlotIndex type: gauge - labelname: hwMemoryDevModuleIndex type: gauge - name: hwMemoryDevFree oid: 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.6.3.5.1.1.3 type: gauge help: Indicates the free size of the memory, in the unit of byte. - 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.6.3.5.1.1.3 indexes: - labelname: hwFrameIndex type: gauge - labelname: hwSlotIndex type: gauge - labelname: hwMemoryDevModuleIndex type: gauge - name: hwMemoryDevRawSliceUsed oid: 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.6.3.5.1.1.4 type: gauge help: Indicates the used size of the raw slice memory, in the unit of byte. - 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.6.3.5.1.1.4 indexes: - labelname: hwFrameIndex type: gauge - labelname: hwSlotIndex type: gauge - labelname: hwMemoryDevModuleIndex type: gauge version: 2 retries: 3 timeout: 10s auth: community: abc
5.启动node_exporter
./snmp_exporter
浏览器打开检测，node_exporter的默认端口是9116
模块选择snmp下自定义的hw
能够获取到数据，说明已经可以获取到华为交换机上的数据了，目前只采集cpu和内存的信息
# HELP hwAvgDuty1min The overall CPU duty percentage in the last 1 minute period. - 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.6.3.4.1.3# TYPE hwAvgDuty1min gaugehwAvgDuty1min{hwCpuDevIndex="0",hwFrameIndex="0",hwSlotIndex="0"} 17# HELP hwAvgDuty5min The overall CPU duty percentage in the last 5-minute period. - 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.6.3.4.1.4# TYPE hwAvgDuty5min gaugehwAvgDuty5min{hwCpuDevIndex="0",hwFrameIndex="0",hwSlotIndex="0"} 17# HELP hwCpuDevDuty The overall CPU duty percentage in the last 5-second period. - 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.6.3.4.1.2# TYPE hwCpuDevDuty gaugehwCpuDevDuty{hwCpuDevIndex="0",hwFrameIndex="0",hwSlotIndex="0"} 17# HELP hwEntityMemUsage The memory usage for the entity - 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.31.1.1.1.1.7# TYPE hwEntityMemUsage gaugehwEntityMemUsage{entPhysicalIndex="67108873"} 50# HELP hwMemoryDevFree Indicates the free size of the memory, in the unit of byte. - 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.6.3.5.1.1.3# TYPE hwMemoryDevFree gaugehwMemoryDevFree{hwFrameIndex="0",hwMemoryDevModuleIndex="0",hwSlotIndex="0"} 7.2067592e+07# HELP hwMemoryDevRawSliceUsed Indicates the used size of the raw slice memory, in the unit of byte. - 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.6.3.5.1.1.4# TYPE hwMemoryDevRawSliceUsed gaugehwMemoryDevRawSliceUsed{hwFrameIndex="0",hwMemoryDevModuleIndex="0",hwSlotIndex="0"} 3.9048208e+07# HELP hwMemoryDevSize Indicates the total size of the memory module which is on the managed object.Its unit is byte. - 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.6.3.5.1.1.2# TYPE hwMemoryDevSize gaugehwMemoryDevSize{hwFrameIndex="0",hwMemoryDevModuleIndex="0",hwSlotIndex="0"} 1.46873864e+08# HELP snmp_scrape_duration_seconds Total SNMP time scrape took (walk and processing).# TYPE snmp_scrape_duration_seconds gaugesnmp_scrape_duration_seconds 2.212691979# HELP snmp_scrape_pdus_returned PDUs returned from walk.# TYPE snmp_scrape_pdus_returned gaugesnmp_scrape_pdus_returned 7# HELP snmp_scrape_walk_duration_seconds Time SNMP walk/bulkwalk took.# TYPE snmp_scrape_walk_duration_seconds gaugesnmp_scrape_walk_duration_seconds 2.212509975
6.prometheus参考配置
scrape_configs: - job_name: 'snmp' static_configs: - targets: - 192.168.2.132 # SNMP device华为交换机(开启snmp agent的) metrics_path: /snmp scrape_timeout: 30s #若snmp响应慢，增大此值，默认是10s params: module: [hw] # snmp.yaml文件自定义模块名字 relabel_configs: - source_labels: [__address__] target_label: __param_target - source_labels: [__param_target] target_label: instance - target_label: __address__ replacement: 127.0.0.1:9116 # The SNMP exporter's real hostname:port.
7.grafana上绘图
华为交换机cpu和内存使用率趋势图
