Nginx学习
最近对nginx进行了学习，主要学习的是如何使用和配置，对具体原理没有深入学习。
首先Nginx是一款HTTP和反向代理web服务器，其常用的功能有HTTP代理和反向代理，还具备负载均衡的功能。这里主要介绍用Nginx发布静态资源包括域名绑定和端口绑定，用Nginx进行反向代理和负载均衡。
关于Nginx的配置，最主要的就是Nginx的配置文件“nginx.conf”,该文件的路径一般为/etc/nginx/nginx.conf（centos7-docker）。
该文件的默认内容如下：
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ .php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ .php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
Nginx的文件结构总结如下：
... #全局块
events { #events块
...
}
http #http块
{
... #http全局块
server #server块
{
... #server全局块
location [PATTERN] #location块
{
...
}
location [PATTERN]
{
...
}
}
server
{
...
}
... #http全局块
}
其中http块里可以内嵌其他的配置，命令为include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf，可以见下图,conf.d目录下的后缀为.conf的文件都可以加载到nginx的配置文件中：
部署静态网站也好或者配置反向代理和负载均衡也好，本质上都是写配置文件，写的配置信息是http块里的server块，如果要配置反向代理和负载均衡，还要包括upstream块。Server块主要包括端口、文件位置等信息。
部署静态网站（绑定端口、域名）：
反向代理：
负载均衡：
