1.在Python的交互式环境中输入下面的代码并查看结果，并尝试将看到的内容翻译成中文。
import this
输出结果：
Beautiful is better than ugly.
Explicit is better than implicit.
Simple is better than complex.
Complex is better than complicated.
Flat is better than nested.
Sparse is better than dense.
Readability counts.
Special cases aren't special enough to break the rules.
Although practicality beats purity.
Errors should never pass silently.
Unless explicitly silenced.
In the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess.
There should be one-- and preferably only one --obvious way to do it. A
lthough that way may not be obvious at first unless you're Dutch.
Now is better than never.
Although never is often better than right now.
If the implementation is hard to explain, it's a bad idea.
If the implementation is easy to explain, it may be a good idea.
Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!
2.学习使用turtle在屏幕上绘制图形。
说明：turtle是Python内置的一个非常有趣的模块，特别适合对计算机程序设计进行初体验的小伙伴，它最早是Logo语言的一部分，Logo语言是Wally Feurzig和Seymour Papert在1966发明的编程语言。
import turtle
turtle.pensize(4)
turtle.pencolor('red')
turtle.forward(100)
turtle.right(90)
turtle.forward(100)
turtle.right(90)
turtle.forward(100)
turtle.right(90)
turtle.forward(100)
turtle.mainloop()
说明：绘制的图形为正方形。
3.turtle库详解。
(1) 画笔运动命令
| 命令 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| turtle.forward(distance) | 向当前画笔方向移动（distance）像素长度 |
| turtle.backward(distance) | 向当前画笔相反方向移动（distance）像素长度 |
| turtle.right(degree) | 顺时针移动degree° |
| turtle.left(degree) | 逆时针移动degree° |
| turtle.pendown() | 移动时绘制图形，缺省时也为绘制 |
| turtle.goto(x,y) | 将画笔移动到坐标为x,y的位置 |
| turtle.penup() | 提起笔移动，不绘制图形，用于另起一个地方绘制 |
| turtle.circle() | 画半径为（）的圆，表示圆心在画笔的左边（右边）画圆 |
| setx() | 将当前x轴移动到指定位置 |
| sety() | 将当前y轴移动到指定位置 |
| setheading(angle) | 设置当前朝向为angle角度 |
| home() | 设置当前画笔位置为原点，朝向东 |
| dot(r) | 绘制一个指定直径和颜色的圆点 |
(2) 画笔控制命令
| 命令 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| turtle.fillcolor(colorstring) | 绘制图形的填充颜色 |
| turtle.color(color1,color2) | 同时设置pencolor=color2,fillcolor=color2 |
| turtle.filling() | 返回当前是否在填充状态 |
| turtle.begin_fill() | 准备开始填充图形 |
| turtle.end_fill() | 填充完成 |
| turtle.hideturtle() | 隐藏画笔的turtle形状 |
| turtle.showturtle() | 显示画笔的turtle形状 |
(3) 全局控制命令
| 命令 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| turtle.clear() | 清空turtle窗口，但是turtle的位置和状态不会改变 |
| turtle.reset() | 清空窗口，重置turtle状态为起始状态 |
| turtle.undo() | 撤销上一个turtle动作 |
| turtle.isvisible() | 返回当前turtle是否可见 |
| stamp() | 复制当前图形 |
| turtle.write(s [,font=("font-name",font_size,"font_type")]) | 写文本，s为文本内容，font是字体的参数，分别为字体名称，大小和类型；font为可选项，font参数也是可选项 |
