写在前面

昨天要看了一下Gin这个框架，在GitHub上面看文档，奈何英文不好，看着好难受，虽说有插件可以划词翻译，不过要不断划词翻译，比较麻烦，索性直接把他翻译成中文，方便查看，虽说，看文档也主要是看示例代码怎么用，但是有中文辅助来看，速度会更快一些。

源项目链接
Gin Web框架文档原文
译者：攻城狮白玉的博客

翻译的不好的地方请提出修改意见哦

Gin Web 框架

Gin是用Go(Golang)编写的Web框架。 它具有类似于martini的API，其性能最高可提高40倍。 httprouter. 如果您需要性能和良好的生产率，您会爱上Gin的。

Contents

• Gin Web 框架
  • 内容
  • 安装
  • 快速开始
  • Benchmarks
  • Gin v1. stable
  • Build with jsoniter
  • API Examples
    • Using GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETe and OPTIONS
    • 路径中的参数
    • 查询字符串参数
    • 多部分/ Ullencoded形式
    • 另一个示例：查询+帖子形式
    • 映射为查询字符串或后格式参数
    • 上传文件
      • 单个文件
      • 多个文件
    • 分组路线
    • 默认情况下没有中间件的空白Gin
    • 使用中间件
    • 如何写入日志文件
    • 自定义日志格式
    • 控制日志输出颜色
    • 模型绑定和验证
    • 自定义验证程序
    • 仅绑定查询字符串
    • 绑定查询字符串或发布数据
    • Bind Uri
    • 绑定标题
    • 绑定HTML复选框
    • 多部分/ Urlencoded绑定
    • XML，JSON，YAML和ProtoBuf渲染
      • SecureJSON
      • JSONP
      • AsciiJSON
      • PureJSON
    • 提供静态文件
    • 从文件提供数据
    • 从阅读器提供数据
    • HTML渲染
      • 自定义模板渲染器
      • 自定义分隔符
      • 自定义模板功能
    • Multitemplate
    • 重定向
    • 自定义中间件
    • 使用BasicAuth()中间件
    • 中间件内部的Goroutines
    • 自定义HTTP配置
    • 支持加密
    • 使用Gin运行多种服务
    • 正常关闭或重新启动
      • 第三方软件包
      • 手动
    • 使用模板构建单个二进制文件
    • 使用自定义结构绑定表单数据请求
    • 尝试将主体绑定到不同的结构中
    • http2服务器推送
    • 定义路径日志的格式
    • 设置并获取Cookie
  • 测试
  • 用户

安装

要安装Gin软件包，您需要安装Go并首先设置Go工作区。

1. 首先需要安装Go(需要1.12+版本)，然后可以使用下面的Go命令安装Gin。

$ go get -u github.com/gin-gonic/gin

2. 将其导入您的代码中：

import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"

3. (可选)导入net / http。 例如，在使用诸如“ http.StatusOK”之类的常量时，这是必需的。

import "net/http"

快速开始

# assume the following codes in example.go file
$ cat example.go

package main

import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"

func main() {
	r := gin.Default()
	r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.JSON(200, gin.H{
			"message": "pong",
		})
	})
	r.Run() // listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080 (for windows "localhost:8080")
}

# run example.go and visit 0.0.0.0:8080/ping (for windows "localhost:8080/ping") on browser
$ go run example.go

Benchmarks

Gin 使用HttpRouter的自定义版本

[查看所有基准](/ BENCHMARKS.md)

Benchmark name	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)
BenchmarkGin_GithubAll	43550	27364 ns/op	0 B/op	0 allocs/op
BenchmarkAce_GithubAll	40543	29670 ns/op	0 B/op	0 allocs/op
BenchmarkAero_GithubAll	57632	20648 ns/op	0 B/op	0 allocs/op
BenchmarkBear_GithubAll	9234	216179 ns/op	86448 B/op	943 allocs/op
BenchmarkBeego_GithubAll	7407	243496 ns/op	71456 B/op	609 allocs/op
BenchmarkBone_GithubAll	420	2922835 ns/op	720160 B/op	8620 allocs/op
BenchmarkChi_GithubAll	7620	238331 ns/op	87696 B/op	609 allocs/op
BenchmarkDenco_GithubAll	18355	64494 ns/op	20224 B/op	167 allocs/op
BenchmarkEcho_GithubAll	31251	38479 ns/op	0 B/op	0 allocs/op
BenchmarkGocraftWeb_GithubAll	4117	300062 ns/op	131656 B/op	1686 allocs/op
BenchmarkGoji_GithubAll	3274	416158 ns/op	56112 B/op	334 allocs/op
BenchmarkGojiv2_GithubAll	1402	870518 ns/op	352720 B/op	4321 allocs/op
BenchmarkGoJsonRest_GithubAll	2976	401507 ns/op	134371 B/op	2737 allocs/op
BenchmarkGoRestful_GithubAll	410	2913158 ns/op	910144 B/op	2938 allocs/op
BenchmarkGorillaMux_GithubAll	346	3384987 ns/op	251650 B/op	1994 allocs/op
BenchmarkGowwwRouter_GithubAll	10000	143025 ns/op	72144 B/op	501 allocs/op
BenchmarkHttpRouter_GithubAll	55938	21360 ns/op	0 B/op	0 allocs/op
BenchmarkHttpTreeMux_GithubAll	10000	153944 ns/op	65856 B/op	671 allocs/op
BenchmarkKocha_GithubAll	10000	106315 ns/op	23304 B/op	843 allocs/op
BenchmarkLARS_GithubAll	47779	25084 ns/op	0 B/op	0 allocs/op
BenchmarkMacaron_GithubAll	3266	371907 ns/op	149409 B/op	1624 allocs/op
BenchmarkMartini_GithubAll	331	3444706 ns/op	226551 B/op	2325 allocs/op
BenchmarkPat_GithubAll	273	4381818 ns/op	1483152 B/op	26963 allocs/op
BenchmarkPossum_GithubAll	10000	164367 ns/op	84448 B/op	609 allocs/op
BenchmarkR2router_GithubAll	10000	160220 ns/op	77328 B/op	979 allocs/op
BenchmarkRivet_GithubAll	14625	82453 ns/op	16272 B/op	167 allocs/op
BenchmarkTango_GithubAll	6255	279611 ns/op	63826 B/op	1618 allocs/op
BenchmarkTigerTonic_GithubAll	2008	687874 ns/op	193856 B/op	4474 allocs/op
BenchmarkTraffic_GithubAll	355	3478508 ns/op	820744 B/op	14114 allocs/op
BenchmarkVulcan_GithubAll	6885	193333 ns/op	19894 B/op	609 allocs/op

-(1)：在固定时间内完成总重复次数，越高表示结果越自信
-(2)：单次重复持续时间(ns / op)，越低越好
-(3)：堆内存(B / op)，越低越好
-(4)：每次重复的平均分配数(分配/操作)，越低越好

Gin v1. stable

• 零分配路由器。
• 仍然是最快的http路由器和框架。 从路由到写作。
• 完整的单元测试套件。
• 战斗测试。
• API已冻结，新版本不会破坏您的代码。

Build with jsoniter

Gin使用encoding / json作为默认的json包，但是您可以通过其他标签的构建将其更改为jsoniter。

$ go build -tags=jsoniter .

API Examples

您可以在Gin示例库中找到许多现成的示例。

使用 GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE and OPTIONS

func main() {
	// Creates a gin router with default middleware:
	// logger and recovery (crash-free) middleware
	router := gin.Default()

	router.GET("/someGet", getting)
	router.POST("/somePost", posting)
	router.PUT("/somePut", putting)
	router.DELETE("/someDelete", deleting)
	router.PATCH("/somePatch", patching)
	router.HEAD("/someHead", head)
	router.OPTIONS("/someOptions", options)

	// By default it serves on :8080 unless a
	// PORT environment variable was defined.
	router.Run()
	// router.Run(":3000") for a hard coded port
}

路由参数

func main() {
	router := gin.Default()

	// This handler will match /user/john but will not match /user/ or /user
	router.GET("/user/:name", func(c *gin.Context) {
		name := c.Param("name")
		c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s", name)
	})

	// However, this one will match /user/john/ and also /user/john/send
	// If no other routers match /user/john, it will redirect to /user/john/
	router.GET("/user/:name*
> content-type: application/json
> Content-Length: 18
>
* upload completely sent off: 18 out of 18 bytes
< HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request
< Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
< Date: Fri, 04 Aug 2017 03:51:31 GMT
< Content-Length: 100
<
{"error":"Key: 'Login.Password' Error:Field validation for 'Password' failed on the 'required' tag"}

跳过验证

当使用上面的curl命令运行上面的例子时，它返回错误。 因为该示例对Password使用binding：“ required”。 如果对Password使用binding：“-”，那么当再次运行以上示例时，它不会返回错误。

自定义验证器

也可以注册自定义验证器。 参见示例代码。

package main

import (
	"net/http"
	"time"

	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding"
	"github.com/go-playground/validator/v10"
)

// Booking contains binded and validated data.
type Booking struct {
	CheckIn  time.Time `form:"check_in" binding:"required,bookabledate" time_format:"2006-01-02"`
	CheckOut time.Time `form:"check_out" binding:"required,gtfield=CheckIn" time_format:"2006-01-02"`
}

var bookableDate validator.Func = func(fl validator.FieldLevel) bool {
	date, ok := fl.Field().Interface().(time.Time)
	if ok {
		today := time.Now()
		if today.After(date) {
			return false
		}
	}
	return true
}

func main() {
	route := gin.Default()

	if v, ok := binding.Validator.Engine().(*validator.Validate); ok {
		v.RegisterValidation("bookabledate", bookableDate)
	}

	route.GET("/bookable", getBookable)
	route.Run(":8085")
}

func getBookable(c *gin.Context) {
	var b Booking
	if err := c.ShouldBindWith(&b, binding.Query); err == nil {
		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "Booking dates are valid!"})
	} else {
		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
	}
}

$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2030-04-16&check_out=2030-04-17"
{"message":"Booking dates are valid!"}

$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2030-03-10&check_out=2030-03-09"
{"error":"Key: 'Booking.CheckOut' Error:Field validation for 'CheckOut' failed on the 'gtfield' tag"}

$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2000-03-09&check_out=2000-03-10"
{"error":"Key: 'Booking.CheckIn' Error:Field validation for 'CheckIn' failed on the 'bookabledate' tag"}%

结构级别验证也可以通过这种方式进行注册。
请参阅struct-lvl-validation示例以了解更多信息。

###仅绑定查询字符串

“ ShouldBindQuery”函数仅绑定查询参数，而不绑定发布数据。 参见详细信息。

package main

import (
	"log"

	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)

type Person struct {
	Name    string `form:"name"`
	Address string `form:"address"`
}

func main() {
	route := gin.Default()
	route.Any("/testing", startPage)
	route.Run(":8085")
}

func startPage(c *gin.Context) {
	var person Person
	if c.ShouldBindQuery(&person) == nil {
		log.Println("====== Only Bind By Query String ======")
		log.Println(person.Name)
		log.Println(person.Address)
	}
	c.String(200, "Success")
}

绑定查询字符串或发布数据

参见详细信息。

package main

import (
	"log"
	"time"

	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)

type Person struct {
        Name       string    `form:"name"`
        Address    string    `form:"address"`
        Birthday   time.Time `form:"birthday" time_format:"2006-01-02" time_utc:"1"`
        CreateTime time.Time `form:"createTime" time_format:"unixNano"`
        UnixTime   time.Time `form:"unixTime" time_format:"unix"`
}

func main() {
	route := gin.Default()
	route.GET("/testing", startPage)
	route.Run(":8085")
}

func startPage(c *gin.Context) {
	var person Person
	// If `GET`, only `Form` binding engine (`query`) used.
	// If `POST`, first checks the `content-type` for `JSON` or `XML`, then uses `Form` (`form-data`).
	// See more at https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/blob/master/binding/binding.go#L48
        if c.ShouldBind(&person) == nil {
                log.Println(person.Name)
                log.Println(person.Address)
                log.Println(person.Birthday)
                log.Println(person.CreateTime)
                log.Println(person.UnixTime)
        }

	c.String(200, "Success")
}

用以下方法进行测试：

$ curl -X GET "localhost:8085/testing?name=appleboy&address=xyz&birthday=1992-03-15&createTime=1562400033000000123&unixTime=1562400033"

绑定Uri

See the detail information.

package main

import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"

type Person struct {
	ID string `uri:"id" binding:"required,uuid"`
	Name string `uri:"name" binding:"required"`
}

func main() {
	route := gin.Default()
	route.GET("/:name/:id", func(c *gin.Context) {
		var person Person
		if err := c.ShouldBindUri(&person); err != nil {
			c.JSON(400, gin.H{"msg": err})
			return
		}
		c.JSON(200, gin.H{"name": person.Name, "uuid": person.ID})
	})
	route.Run(":8088")
}

用以下方法进行测试：

$ curl -v localhost:8088/thinkerou/987fbc97-4bed-5078-9f07-9141ba07c9f3
$ curl -v localhost:8088/thinkerou/not-uuid

绑定Header

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)

type testHeader struct {
	Rate   int    `header:"Rate"`
	Domain string `header:"Domain"`
}

func main() {
	r := gin.Default()
	r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
		h := testHeader{}

		if err := c.ShouldBindHeader(&h); err != nil {
			c.JSON(200, err)
		}

		fmt.Printf("%#vn", h)
		c.JSON(200, gin.H{"Rate": h.Rate, "Domain": h.Domain})
	})

	r.Run()

// client
// curl -H "rate:300" -H "domain:music" 127.0.0.1:8080/
// output
// {"Domain":"music","Rate":300}
}

绑定HTML复选框

参见详细信息

main.go

...

type myForm struct {
    Colors []string `form:"colors[]"`
}

...

func formHandler(c *gin.Context) {
    var fakeForm myForm
    c.ShouldBind(&fakeForm)
    c.JSON(200, gin.H{"color": fakeForm.Colors})
}

...

form.html

    
Check some colors
    Red
    
    Green
    
    Blue
    
    

结果：

{"color":["red","green","blue"]}

Multipart/Urlencoded 绑定

type ProfileForm struct {
	Name   string                `form:"name" binding:"required"`
	Avatar *multipart.FileHeader `form:"avatar" binding:"required"`

	// or for multiple files
	// Avatars []*multipart.FileHeader `form:"avatar" binding:"required"`
}

func main() {
	router := gin.Default()
	router.POST("/profile", func(c *gin.Context) {
		// you can bind multipart form with explicit binding declaration:
		// c.ShouldBindWith(&form, binding.Form)
		// or you can simply use autobinding with ShouldBind method:
		var form ProfileForm
		// in this case proper binding will be automatically selected
		if err := c.ShouldBind(&form); err != nil {
			c.String(http.StatusBadRequest, "bad request")
			return
		}

		err := c.SaveUploadedFile(form.Avatar, form.Avatar.Filename)
		if err != nil {
			c.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, "unknown error")
			return
		}

		// db.Save(&form)

		c.String(http.StatusOK, "ok")
	})
	router.Run(":8080")
}

用以下方法进行测试：

$ curl -X POST -v --form name=user --form "avatar=@./avatar.png" http://localhost:8080/profile

XML, JSON, YAML 和ProtoBuf 渲染

func main() {
	r := gin.Default()

	// gin.H is a shortcut for map[string]interface{}
	r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
	})

	r.GET("/moreJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
		// You also can use a struct
		var msg struct {
			Name    string `json:"user"`
			Message string
			Number  int
		}
		msg.Name = "Lena"
		msg.Message = "hey"
		msg.Number = 123
		// Note that msg.Name becomes "user" in the JSON
		// Will output  :   {"user": "Lena", "Message": "hey", "Number": 123}
		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, msg)
	})

	r.GET("/someXML", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.XML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
	})

	r.GET("/someYAML", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.YAML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
	})

	r.GET("/someProtoBuf", func(c *gin.Context) {
		reps := []int64{int64(1), int64(2)}
		label := "test"
		// The specific definition of protobuf is written in the testdata/protoexample file.
		data := &protoexample.Test{
			Label: &label,
			Reps:  reps,
		}
		// Note that data becomes binary data in the response
		// Will output protoexample.Test protobuf serialized data
		c.ProtoBuf(http.StatusOK, data)
	})

	// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
	r.Run(":8080")
}

SecureJSON

使用SecureJSON防止json劫持。 如果给定的结构是数组值，则默认在响应主体前添加“ while(1)，”。

func main() {
	r := gin.Default()

	// You can also use your own secure json prefix
	// r.SecureJsonPrefix(")]}',n")

	r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
		names := []string{"lena", "austin", "foo"}

		// Will output  :   while(1);["lena","austin","foo"]
		c.SecureJSON(http.StatusOK, names)
	})

	// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
	r.Run(":8080")
}

JSONP

使用JSONP从其他域中的服务器请求数据。 如果查询参数回调存在，则将回调添加到响应主体。

func main() {
	r := gin.Default()

	r.GET("/JSONP", func(c *gin.Context) {
		data := gin.H{
			"foo": "bar",
		}

		//callback is x
		// Will output  :   x({"foo":"bar"})
		c.JSONP(http.StatusOK, data)
	})

	// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
	r.Run(":8080")

        // client
        // curl http://127.0.0.1:8080/JSONP?callback=x
}

AsciiJSON

使用AsciiJSON生成带有转义的非ASCII字符的纯ASCII JSON。

func main() {
	r := gin.Default()

	r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
		data := gin.H{
			"lang": "GO语言",
			"tag":  "
",
		}

		// will output : {"lang":"GOu8bedu8a00","tag":"u003cbru003e"}
		c.AsciiJSON(http.StatusOK, data)
	})

	// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
	r.Run(":8080")
}

PureJSON

通常，JSON用其unicode实体替换特殊的HTML字符，例如 <变成u003c。 如果要按字面意义编码此类字符，则可以改用PureJSON。
此功能在Go 1.6及更低版本中不可用。

func main() {
	r := gin.Default()

	// Serves unicode entities
	r.GET("/json", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.JSON(200, gin.H{
			"html": "Hello, world!",
		})
	})

	// Serves literal characters
	r.GET("/purejson", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.PureJSON(200, gin.H{
			"html": "Hello, world!",
		})
	})

	// listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
	r.Run(":8080")
}

提供静态文件

func main() {
	router := gin.Default()
	router.Static("/assets", "./assets")
	router.StaticFS("/more_static", http.Dir("my_file_system"))
	router.StaticFile("/favicon.ico", "./resources/favicon.ico")

	// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
	router.Run(":8080")
}

从文件中提取数据

func main() {
	router := gin.Default()

	router.GET("/local/file", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.File("local/file.go")
	})

	var fs http.FileSystem = // ...
	router.GET("/fs/file", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.FileFromFS("fs/file.go", fs)
	})
}

从 reader 提供数据

func main() {
	router := gin.Default()
	router.GET("/someDataFromReader", func(c *gin.Context) {
		response, err := http.Get("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gin-gonic/logo/master/color.png")
		if err != nil || response.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
			c.Status(http.StatusServiceUnavailable)
			return
		}

		reader := response.Body
 		defer reader.Close()
		contentLength := response.ContentLength
		contentType := response.Header.Get("Content-Type")

		extraHeaders := map[string]string{
			"Content-Disposition": `attachment; filename="gopher.png"`,
		}

		c.DataFromReader(http.StatusOK, contentLength, contentType, reader, extraHeaders)
	})
	router.Run(":8080")
}

HTML 渲染

使用LoadHTMLGlob()或LoadHTMLFiles()

func main() {
	router := gin.Default()
	router.LoadHTMLGlob("templates*")
	router.GET("/posts/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "posts/index.tmpl", gin.H{
			"title": "Posts",
		})
	})
	router.GET("/users/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "users/index.tmpl", gin.H{
			"title": "Users",
		})
	})
	router.Run(":8080")
}

templates/posts/index.tmpl

{{ define "posts/index.tmpl" }}

	{{ .title }}

Using posts/index.tmpl

{{ end }}

templates/users/index.tmpl

{{ define "users/index.tmpl" }}

	{{ .title }}

Using users/index.tmpl

{{ end }}

自定义模板渲染器

您也可以使用自己的html模板渲染

import "html/template"

func main() {
	router := gin.Default()
	html := template.Must(template.ParseFiles("file1", "file2"))
	router.SetHTMLTemplate(html)
	router.Run(":8080")
}

自定义分隔符

您可以使用自定义的delims

	r := gin.Default()
	r.Delims("{[{", "}]}")
	r.LoadHTMLGlob("/path/to/templates")

自定义模板函数

查看详细信息示例代码。

main.go

import (
    "fmt"
    "html/template"
    "net/http"
    "time"

    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)

func formatAsDate(t time.Time) string {
    year, month, day := t.Date()
    return fmt.Sprintf("%d%02d/%02d", year, month, day)
}

func main() {
    router := gin.Default()
    router.Delims("{[{", "}]}")
    router.SetFuncMap(template.FuncMap{
        "formatAsDate": formatAsDate,
    })
    router.LoadHTMLFiles("./testdata/template/raw.tmpl")

    router.GET("/raw", func(c *gin.Context) {
        c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "raw.tmpl", gin.H{
            "now": time.Date(2017, 07, 01, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
        })
    })

    router.Run(":8080")
}

raw.tmpl

Date: {[{.now | formatAsDate}]}

Result:

Date: 2017/07/01

Multitemplate

Gin 默认情况下仅使用一个html.Template。 检查多模板渲染是否使用了go 1.6block template之类的功能。

Redirects

发出HTTP重定向很容易。 内部和外部位置均受支持。

r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
	c.Redirect(http.StatusMovedPermanently, "http://www.google.com/")
})

从POST发出HTTP重定向。 请参阅问题：＃444

r.POST("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
	c.Redirect(http.StatusFound, "/foo")
})

Issuing a Router redirect, use HandleContext like below.

r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
    c.Request.URL.Path = "/test2"
    r.HandleContext(c)
})
r.GET("/test2", func(c *gin.Context) {
    c.JSON(200, gin.H{"hello": "world"})
})

自定义中间件

func Logger() gin.HandlerFunc {
	return func(c *gin.Context) {
		t := time.Now()

		// Set example variable
		c.Set("example", "12345")

		// before request

		c.Next()

		// after request
		latency := time.Since(t)
		log.Print(latency)

		// access the status we are sending
		status := c.Writer.Status()
		log.Println(status)
	}
}

func main() {
	r := gin.New()
	r.Use(Logger())

	r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
		example := c.MustGet("example").(string)

		// it would print: "12345"
		log.Println(example)
	})

	// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
	r.Run(":8080")
}

使用BasicAuth() 中间件

// simulate some private data
var secrets = gin.H{
	"foo":    gin.H{"email": "foo@bar.com", "phone": "123433"},
	"austin": gin.H{"email": "austin@example.com", "phone": "666"},
	"lena":   gin.H{"email": "lena@guapa.com", "phone": "523443"},
}

func main() {
	r := gin.Default()

	// Group using gin.BasicAuth() middleware
	// gin.Accounts is a shortcut for map[string]string
	authorized := r.Group("/admin", gin.BasicAuth(gin.Accounts{
		"foo":    "bar",
		"austin": "1234",
		"lena":   "hello2",
		"manu":   "4321",
	}))

	// /admin/secrets endpoint
	// hit "localhost:8080/admin/secrets
	authorized.GET("/secrets", func(c *gin.Context) {
		// get user, it was set by the BasicAuth middleware
		user := c.MustGet(gin.AuthUserKey).(string)
		if secret, ok := secrets[user]; ok {
			c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": secret})
		} else {
			c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": "NO SECRET :("})
		}
	})

	// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
	r.Run(":8080")
}

中间件中的Goroutines

在中间件或处理程序中启动新的Goroutines时，您“不能”使用其中的原始上下文，必须使用只读副本。

func main() {
	r := gin.Default()

	r.GET("/long_async", func(c *gin.Context) {
		// create copy to be used inside the goroutine
		cCp := c.Copy()
		go func() {
			// simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds
			time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)

			// note that you are using the copied context "cCp", IMPORTANT
			log.Println("Done! in path " + cCp.Request.URL.Path)
		}()
	})

	r.GET("/long_sync", func(c *gin.Context) {
		// simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds
		time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)

		// since we are NOT using a goroutine, we do not have to copy the context
		log.Println("Done! in path " + c.Request.URL.Path)
	})

	// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
	r.Run(":8080")
}

自定义HTTP配置

直接使用http.ListenAndServe()，如下所示：

func main() {
	router := gin.Default()
	http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router)
}

or

func main() {
	router := gin.Default()

	s := &http.Server{
		Addr:           ":8080",
		Handler:        router,
		ReadTimeout:    10 * time.Second,
		WriteTimeout:   10 * time.Second,
		MaxHeaderBytes: 1 << 20,
	}
	s.ListenAndServe()
}

支持 Let’s Encrypt

1行LetsEncrypt HTTPS服务器的示例。

package main

import (
	"log"

	"github.com/gin-gonic/autotls"
	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)

func main() {
	r := gin.Default()

	// Ping handler
	r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.String(200, "pong")
	})

	log.Fatal(autotls.Run(r, "example1.com", "example2.com"))
}

自定义自动证书管理器的示例。

package main

import (
	"log"

	"github.com/gin-gonic/autotls"
	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
	"golang.org/x/crypto/acme/autocert"
)

func main() {
	r := gin.Default()

	// Ping handler
	r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.String(200, "pong")
	})

	m := autocert.Manager{
		Prompt:     autocert.AcceptTOS,
		HostPolicy: autocert.HostWhitelist("example1.com", "example2.com"),
		Cache:      autocert.DirCache("/var/www/.cache"),
	}

	log.Fatal(autotls.RunWithManager(r, &m))
}

使用Gin运行多种服务

请参阅问题并尝试以下示例：

package main

import (
	"log"
	"net/http"
	"time"

	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
)

var (
	g errgroup.Group
)

func router01() http.Handler {
	e := gin.New()
	e.Use(gin.Recovery())
	e.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.JSON(
			http.StatusOK,
			gin.H{
				"code":  http.StatusOK,
				"error": "Welcome server 01",
			},
		)
	})

	return e
}

func router02() http.Handler {
	e := gin.New()
	e.Use(gin.Recovery())
	e.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.JSON(
			http.StatusOK,
			gin.H{
				"code":  http.StatusOK,
				"error": "Welcome server 02",
			},
		)
	})

	return e
}

func main() {
	server01 := &http.Server{
		Addr:         ":8080",
		Handler:      router01(),
		ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second,
		WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
	}

	server02 := &http.Server{
		Addr:         ":8081",
		Handler:      router02(),
		ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second,
		WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
	}

	g.Go(func() error {
		err := server01.ListenAndServe()
		if err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
			log.Fatal(err)
		}
		return err
	})

	g.Go(func() error {
		err := server02.ListenAndServe()
		if err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
			log.Fatal(err)
		}
		return err
	})

	if err := g.Wait(); err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
}

正常关闭或重新启动

您可以使用几种方法来正常关闭或重新启动。 您可以使用专门为此目的构建的第三方程序包，也可以使用内置程序包中的功能和方法手动执行相同的操作。

第三方软件包

我们可以使用fvbock / endless替换默认的ListenAndServe。 有关更多详细信息，请参见问题＃296。

router := gin.Default()
router.GET("/", handler)
// [...]
endless.ListenAndServe(":4242", router)

备择方案：

• manners：礼貌地关闭HTTP服务器。
• graceful：Graceful是一个Go程序包，可用于正常关闭http.Handler服务器。
• grace：为Go服务器平稳重启和零停机部署。

手动

如果您使用的是Go 1.8或更高版本，则可能不需要使用这些库。 考虑使用http.Server内置的Shutdown()方法进行正常关闭。 下面的示例描述了它的用法，我们在[此处]使用gin的更多示例(https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/graceful-shutdown)。

// +build go1.8

package main

import (
	"context"
	"log"
	"net/http"
	"os"
	"os/signal"
	"syscall"
	"time"

	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)

func main() {
	router := gin.Default()
	router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
		time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
		c.String(http.StatusOK, "Welcome Gin Server")
	})

	srv := &http.Server{
		Addr:    ":8080",
		Handler: router,
	}

	// Initializing the server in a goroutine so that
	// it won't block the graceful shutdown handling below
	go func() {
		if err := srv.ListenAndServe(); err != nil && errors.Is(err, http.ErrServerClosed) {
			log.Printf("listen: %sn", err)
		}
	}()

	// Wait for interrupt signal to gracefully shutdown the server with
	// a timeout of 5 seconds.
	quit := make(chan os.Signal)
	// kill (no param) default send syscall.SIGTERM
	// kill -2 is syscall.SIGINT
	// kill -9 is syscall.SIGKILL but can't be catch, so don't need add it
	signal.Notify(quit, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
	<-quit
	log.Println("Shutting down server...")

	// The context is used to inform the server it has 5 seconds to finish
	// the request it is currently handling
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
	defer cancel()

	if err := srv.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
		log.Fatal("Server forced to shutdown:", err)
	}

	log.Println("Server exiting")
}

使用模板构建单个二进制文件

您可以使用[go-assets] []将服务器构建为包含模板的单个二进制文件。

[go-assets]：https://github.com/jessevdk/go-assets

func main() {
	r := gin.New()

	t, err := loadTemplate()
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	r.SetHTMLTemplate(t)

	r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "/html/index.tmpl",nil)
	})
	r.Run(":8080")
}

// loadTemplate loads templates embedded by go-assets-builder
func loadTemplate() (*template.Template, error) {
	t := template.New("")
	for name, file := range Assets.Files {
		defer file.Close()
		if file.IsDir() || !strings.HasSuffix(name, ".tmpl") {
			continue
		}
		h, err := ioutil.ReadAll(file)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		t, err = t.New(name).Parse(string(h))
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	}
	return t, nil
}

请参阅https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/assets-in-binary目录中的完整示例。

将表单数据请求与自定义结构绑定

以下示例使用自定义结构：

type StructA struct {
    FieldA string `form:"field_a"`
}

type StructB struct {
    NestedStruct StructA
    FieldB string `form:"field_b"`
}

type StructC struct {
    NestedStructPointer *StructA
    FieldC string `form:"field_c"`
}

type StructD struct {
    NestedAnonyStruct struct {
        FieldX string `form:"field_x"`
    }
    FieldD string `form:"field_d"`
}

func GetDataB(c *gin.Context) {
    var b StructB
    c.Bind(&b)
    c.JSON(200, gin.H{
        "a": b.NestedStruct,
        "b": b.FieldB,
    })
}

func GetDataC(c *gin.Context) {
    var b StructC
    c.Bind(&b)
    c.JSON(200, gin.H{
        "a": b.NestedStructPointer,
        "c": b.FieldC,
    })
}

func GetDataD(c *gin.Context) {
    var b StructD
    c.Bind(&b)
    c.JSON(200, gin.H{
        "x": b.NestedAnonyStruct,
        "d": b.FieldD,
    })
}

func main() {
    r := gin.Default()
    r.GET("/getb", GetDataB)
    r.GET("/getc", GetDataC)
    r.GET("/getd", GetDataD)

    r.Run()
}

使用命令curl命令结果：

$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getb?field_a=hello&field_b=world"
{"a":{"FieldA":"hello"},"b":"world"}
$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getc?field_a=hello&field_c=world"
{"a":{"FieldA":"hello"},"c":"world"}
$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getd?field_x=hello&field_d=world"
{"d":"world","x":{"FieldX":"hello"}}

尝试将主体绑定到不同的结构中

绑定请求主体的普通方法使用了c.Request.Body，它们
不能多次调用。

type formA struct {
  Foo string `json:"foo" xml:"foo" binding:"required"`
}

type formB struct {
  Bar string `json:"bar" xml:"bar" binding:"required"`
}

func SomeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
  objA := formA{}
  objB := formB{}
  // This c.ShouldBind consumes c.Request.Body and it cannot be reused.
  if errA := c.ShouldBind(&objA); errA == nil {
    c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formA`)
  // Always an error is occurred by this because c.Request.Body is EOF now.
  } else if errB := c.ShouldBind(&objB); errB == nil {
    c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB`)
  } else {
    ...
  }
}

为此，您可以使用c.ShouldBindBodyWith。

func SomeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
  objA := formA{}
  objB := formB{}
  // This reads c.Request.Body and stores the result into the context.
  if errA := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objA, binding.JSON); errA == nil {
    c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formA`)
  // At this time, it reuses body stored in the context.
  } else if errB := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objB, binding.JSON); errB == nil {
    c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB JSON`)
  // And it can accepts other formats
  } else if errB2 := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objB, binding.XML); errB2 == nil {
    c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB XML`)
  } else {
    ...
  }
}

• c.ShouldBindBodyWith在绑定之前将主体存储到上下文中。 这有
  对性能有轻微影响，因此如果您是
  足以立即调用绑定。
• 仅某些格式需要此功能-JSON，XML，MsgPack，
  ProtoBuf。 对于其他格式，Query，Form，FormPost，FormMultipart，
  可以被c.ShouldBind()多次调用，而不会损坏
  性能(请参见＃1341)。

http2服务器推送

仅** go1.8 + **支持http.Pusher。 有关详细信息，请参见golang博客。

package main

import (
	"html/template"
	"log"

	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)

var html = template.Must(template.New("https").Parse(`


  
  


  
Welcome, Ginner!


`))

func main() {
	r := gin.Default()
	r.Static("/assets", "./assets")
	r.SetHTMLTemplate(html)

	r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
		if pusher := c.Writer.Pusher(); pusher != nil {
			// use pusher.Push() to do server push
			if err := pusher.Push("/assets/app.js", nil); err != nil {
				log.Printf("Failed to push: %v", err)
			}
		}
		c.HTML(200, "https", gin.H{
			"status": "success",
		})
	})

	// Listen and Server in https://127.0.0.1:8080
	r.RunTLS(":8080", "./testdata/server.pem", "./testdata/server.key")
}

定义路由日志的格式

路由的默认日志为：

[GIN-debug] POST   /foo                      --> main.main.func1 (3 handlers)
[GIN-debug] GET    /bar                      --> main.main.func2 (3 handlers)
[GIN-debug] GET    /status                   --> main.main.func3 (3 handlers)

如果要以给定格式(例如JSON，键值或其他格式)记录此信息，则可以使用gin.DebugPrintRouteFunc定义此格式。
在下面的示例中，我们使用标准日志包记录所有路由，但是您可以使用其他适合您需求的日志工具。

import (
	"log"
	"net/http"

	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)

func main() {
	r := gin.Default()
	gin.DebugPrintRouteFunc = func(httpMethod, absolutePath, handlerName string, nuHandlers int) {
		log.Printf("endpoint %v %v %v %vn", httpMethod, absolutePath, handlerName, nuHandlers)
	}

	r.POST("/foo", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "foo")
	})

	r.GET("/bar", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "bar")
	})

	r.GET("/status", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "ok")
	})

	// Listen and Server in http://0.0.0.0:8080
	r.Run()
}

设置并获取Cookie

import (
    "fmt"

    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)

func main() {

    router := gin.Default()

    router.GET("/cookie", func(c *gin.Context) {

        cookie, err := c.Cookie("gin_cookie")

        if err != nil {
            cookie = "NotSet"
            c.SetCookie("gin_cookie", "test", 3600, "/", "localhost", false, true)
        }

        fmt.Printf("Cookie value: %s n", cookie)
    })

    router.Run()
}

测试

net/http/httptest 软件包是HTTP测试的首选方法。.

package main

func setupRouter() *gin.Engine {
	r := gin.Default()
	r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.String(200, "pong")
	})
	return r
}

func main() {
	r := setupRouter()
	r.Run(":8080")
}

测试上面的代码示例：

package main

import (
	"net/http"
	"net/http/httptest"
	"testing"

	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
)

func TestPingRoute(t *testing.T) {
	router := setupRouter()

	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "/ping", nil)
	router.ServeHTTP(w, req)

	assert.Equal(t, 200, w.Code)
	assert.Equal(t, "pong", w.Body.String())
}

用户

使用Gin网络框架的出色项目列表。

• gorush：用Go编写的推送通知服务器。
• fnproject：容器本机，与云无关的无服务器平台。
• photoprism：由Go和Google TensorFlow支持的个人照片管理。
• krakend：具有中间件的超高性能API网关。
• picfit：用Go语言编写的图像调整大小服务器。
• brigade：Kubernetes的基于事件的脚本。
• dkron：分布式，容错的作业调度系统。