Go | Go 发送 http 请求: post，get，put，delete请求示例代码

• HTTP 请求方法
• 请求示例
• • GET
  • POST
  • • kv 形式
    • json
  • PUT
  • PATCH
  • DELETE
  • 处理响应
• 源码参考
• 完成测试代码

根据 HTTP 标准，HTTP 请求可以使用多种请求方法。

在日常开发中大多数会用到 5 种请求方法： GET、POST、PUT、PATCH 和 DELETE

http.Get 直接访问

import (
	"net/http"
)

response, err := http.Get("https://b959e645-00ae-4bc3-8a55-7224d08b1d91.mock.pstmn.io/user/1")

这种方法适合不需要 header 的方式

自定义参数访问

import (
	"net/http"
)

url := "https://b959e645-00ae-4bc3-8a55-7224d08b1d91.mock.pstmn.io/user/1"

req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", url, nil)

req.Header.Add("Authorization", "xxxx")

response, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)

这种方法适合需要自定义一些 header 的场景

在查看 http.Get 方法源码时, 可以看出其是一个简便使用方式

func (c *Client) Get(url string) (resp *Response, err error) {
	req, err := NewRequest("GET", url, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return c.Do(req)
}

在 POST 方式一般常用的为 2 中，

1. 通过 kv 形式传送，例如 form-data 和 x-www-form-urlencoded
2. 通过 json 形式传送，例如 application/json

import (
	"net/http"
    "strings"
)

url := "https://blog.csdn.net/zyndev"

payload := strings.NewReader("a=111")

response, err := http.Post(url, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", payload)

除了通过 http.Post 还可以使用 http.PostForm

import (
	"net/http"
	"net/url"
)

targetUrl := "https://blog.csdn.net/zyndev"

payload := url.Values{"key":{"value"}, "id": {"123"}}

response, err := http.PostForm(targetUrl, payload)

targetUrl := "https://b959e645-00ae-4bc3-8a55-7224d08b1d91.mock.pstmn.io/user/1"

payload := strings.NewReader("{"name":"张瑀楠"}")

req, _ := http.NewRequest("POST", targetUrl, payload)

req.Header.Add("Content-Type", "application/json")

response, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)

由于 net/http 没有提供简化的 PUT 请求，这里需要使用 http.NewRequest 来创建请求

targetUrl := "https://b959e645-00ae-4bc3-8a55-7224d08b1d91.mock.pstmn.io/user/1"

payload := strings.NewReader("{"name":"张瑀楠"}")

req, _ := http.NewRequest("PUT", targetUrl, payload)

req.Header.Add("Content-Type", "application/json")

response, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)

由于 net/http 没有提供简化的 PATCH 请求，这里需要使用 http.NewRequest 来创建请求

targetUrl := "https://b959e645-00ae-4bc3-8a55-7224d08b1d91.mock.pstmn.io/user/1"

payload := strings.NewReader("{"name":"张瑀楠"}")

req, _ := http.NewRequest("PATCH", targetUrl, payload)

req.Header.Add("Content-Type", "application/json")

response, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)

由于 net/http 没有提供简化的 DELETE 请求，这里需要使用 http.NewRequest 来创建请求

targetUrl := "https://ddbc5ffb-c596-4f78-a99d-a6ea93bdc14f.mock.pstmn.io/user/1"

req, _ := http.NewRequest("DELETE", targetUrl, nil)

req.Header.Add("Authorization", "xxxx")

response, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)

从上面的请示示例中看出，不管使用何种方式请求，最后都会得到 response, err, 也就是不管发起请求的方式是什么，处理的逻辑都是一样。

... // 一堆请求方法构建方式

response, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)

if err != nil {
	// 错误逻辑处理
}

defer response.Body.Close() // 这步是必要的，防止以后的内存泄漏，切记


fmt.Println(response.StatusCode)  	// 获取状态码 
fmt.Println(response.Status)		// 获取状态码对应的文案
fmt.Println(response.Header)		// 获取响应头
body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(response.Body) // 读取响应 body, 返回为 []byte
fmt.Println(string(body))			// 转成字符串看一下结果

package http_demo

import (
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
	"net/http"
	"net/url"
	"strings"
	"testing"
)

func TestHttpGet(t *testing.T) {
	response, err := http.Get("https://b959e645-00ae-4bc3-8a55-7224d08b1d91.mock.pstmn.io/user/1")
	if err != nil {
		t.Error(err)
		panic(err)
	}
	defer response.Body.Close()
	t.Log(response)
	fmt.Println(response.StatusCode)
	fmt.Println(response.Status)
	fmt.Println(response.Header)
	body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(response.Body)
	fmt.Println(string(body))
}

func TestHttpGetHeader(t *testing.T) {
	targetUrl := "https://b959e645-00ae-4bc3-8a55-7224d08b1d91.mock.pstmn.io/user/1"

	req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", targetUrl, nil)

	req.Header.Add("Authorization", "xxxx")

	response, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error(err)
		panic(err)
	}
	defer response.Body.Close()
	t.Log(response)
}

func TestHttpPost(t *testing.T) {
	targetUrl := "https://blog.csdn.net/zyndev"

	payload := strings.NewReader("a=111")

	response, err := http.Post(targetUrl, "x-www-form-urlencoded", payload)

	if err != nil {
		t.Error(err)
		panic(err)
	}
	defer response.Body.Close()
	t.Log(response)
}

func TestHttpPostForm(t *testing.T) {
	targetUrl := "https://blog.csdn.net/zyndev"

	payload := url.Values{"key": {"value"}, "id": {"123"}}

	response, err := http.PostForm(targetUrl, payload)

	if err != nil {
		t.Error(err)
		panic(err)
	}
	defer response.Body.Close()
	t.Log(response)
}

func TestHttpPostJSON(t *testing.T) {
	targetUrl := "https://b959e645-00ae-4bc3-8a55-7224d08b1d91.mock.pstmn.io/user/1"

	payload := strings.NewReader("{"name":"张瑀楠"}")

	req, _ := http.NewRequest("POST", targetUrl, payload)

	req.Header.Add("Content-Type", "application/json")

	response, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)

	if err != nil {
		t.Error(err)
		panic(err)
	}

	defer response.Body.Close()
	t.Log(response)

}

func TestHttpPut(t *testing.T) {

	targetUrl := "https://b959e645-00ae-4bc3-8a55-7224d08b1d91.mock.pstmn.io/user/1"

	payload := strings.NewReader("{"name":"张瑀楠"}")

	req, _ := http.NewRequest("PUT", targetUrl, payload)

	req.Header.Add("Content-Type", "application/json")

	response, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)

	if err != nil {
		t.Error(err)
		panic(err)
	}

	defer response.Body.Close()
	t.Log(response)
}

func TestHttpPatch(t *testing.T) {
	targetUrl := "https://b959e645-00ae-4bc3-8a55-7224d08b1d91.mock.pstmn.io/user/1"

	payload := strings.NewReader("{"name":"张瑀楠"}")

	req, _ := http.NewRequest("PATCH", targetUrl, payload)

	req.Header.Add("Content-Type", "application/json")

	response, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)

	if err != nil {
		t.Error(err)
		panic(err)
	}

	defer response.Body.Close()
	t.Log(response)
}

func TestHttpDelete(t *testing.T) {

	targetUrl := "https://ddbc5ffb-c596-4f78-a99d-a6ea93bdc14f.mock.pstmn.io/user/1"

	req, _ := http.NewRequest("DELETE", targetUrl, nil)

	req.Header.Add("Authorization", "xxxx")

	response, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)

	if err != nil {
		t.Error(err)
		panic(err)
	}

	defer response.Body.Close()
	t.Log(response)
}