如何优雅的杀死linux进程?

kill -9 pid （强制杀死进程）

kill -15 pid （正常结束进程）

安装：yum install psmisc -y

killall 进程名 （杀死所有有关于进程名的进程，包括父进程与子进程）

killall -e (对进程名称进行精确匹配)

killall -i (交互杀死进程)

killall -r (正则匹配要杀死的进程名称)

ps -ef |grep "进程名"| grep -v grep|awk '{print $2}'|xargs kill -9 （对进程通过grep匹配后杀死，也可以用zgrep做正则匹配）

[root@WIN-2IOOCRIFKT6 tools]#ps -ejH|head -n 1
  PID  PGID   SID TTY          TIME CMD

PGID：进程组ID

SID:会话组ID

linux之进程的基本概念(进程，进程组，会话关系）_草上爬的博客-CSDN博客_进程组

执行： killall -g

killall -u 用户名

原理：向Linux系统的内核发送一个系统操作信号和某个程序的进程标识号，然后系统内核就可以对进程标识号指定的进程进行操作

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
const char *signm[] = { 0,
"HUP", "INT", "QUIT", "ILL", "TRAP", "IOT", "EMT", "FPE",	
"KILL", "BUS", "SEGV", "SYS", "PIPE", "ALRM", "TERM", 0,	
"STOP", "TSTP", "CONT", "CHLD", "TTIN", "TTOU", "TINT", "XCPU",	
"XFSZ", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,					
};

static void usage(void)
{

	(void)fprintf(stderr, "%sn%sn%sn%sn",
		"usage: kill [-s signal_name] pid ...",
		"       kill -l [exit_status]",
		"       kill -signal_name pid ...",
		"       kill -signal_number pid ...");
#ifdef SHELL
	error(NULL);
#else
	exit(2);
#endif

}
static void printsignals(FILE *fp)
{
	int n;

	for (n = 1; n < NSIG; n++) {
		(void)fprintf(fp, "%s", signm[n]);
		if (n == (NSIG / 2) || n == (NSIG - 1))
			(void)fprintf(fp, "n");
		else
			(void)fprintf(fp, " ");
	}
}

static void nosig(const char *name)
{

	warnx("unknown signal %s; valid signals:", name);
	printsignals(stderr);
#ifdef SHELL
	error(NULL);
#else
	exit(2);
#endif
}

static int signame_to_signum(const char *sig)
{
	int n;

	if (strncasecmp(sig, "SIG", 3) == 0)
		sig += 3;
	for (n = 1; n < NSIG; n++) {
		if (!strcasecmp(signm[n], sig))
			return n;
	}
	return -1;
}


int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	long pidl;
	pid_t pid;
	int errors, numsig, ret;
	char *ep;

	if (argc < 2)
		usage();

	numsig = SIGTERM;

	argc--, argv++;
	if (!strcmp(*argv, "-l")) {
		argc--, argv++;
		if (argc > 1)
			usage();
		if (argc == 1) {
			if (!isdigit(**argv))
				usage();
			numsig = strtol(*argv, &ep, 10);
			if (!**argv || *ep)
				errx(2, "illegal signal number: %s", *argv);
			if (numsig >= 128)
				numsig -= 128;
			if (numsig <= 0 || numsig >= NSIG)
				nosig(*argv);
			printf("%sn", signm[numsig]);
			return (0);
		}
		printsignals(stdout);
		return (0);
	}

	if (!strcmp(*argv, "-s")) {
		argc--, argv++;
		if (argc < 1) {
			warnx("option requires an argument -- s");
			usage();
		}
		if (strcmp(*argv, "0")) {
			if ((numsig = signame_to_signum(*argv)) < 0)
				nosig(*argv);
		} else
			numsig = 0;
		argc--, argv++;
	} else if (**argv == '-' && *(*argv + 1) != '-') {
		++*argv;
		if (isalpha(**argv)) {
			if ((numsig = signame_to_signum(*argv)) < 0)
				nosig(*argv);
		} else if (isdigit(**argv)) {
			numsig = strtol(*argv, &ep, 10);
			if (!**argv || *ep)
				errx(2, "illegal signal number: %s", *argv);
			if (numsig < 0)
				nosig(*argv);
		} else
			nosig(*argv);
		argc--, argv++;
	}

	if (argc > 0 && strncmp(*argv, "--", 2) == 0)
		argc--, argv++;

	if (argc == 0)
		usage();

	for (errors = 0; argc; argc--, argv++) {
#ifdef SHELL
		if (**argv == '%')
			ret = killjob(*argv, numsig);
		else
#endif
		{
			pidl = strtol(*argv, &ep, 10);
			
			pid = (pid_t)pidl;
			if (!**argv || *ep || pid != pidl)
				errx(2, "illegal process id: %s", *argv);
			ret = kill(pid, numsig);
		}
		if (ret == -1) {
			warn("%s", *argv);
			errors = 1;
		}
	}

	return errors;
}

执行步骤：

1. g++ kill.cpp -o killguoan

2../killguoan -9 pid

killall5 （关闭除内核和当前shell中的所有进程）

killall5 -o pid （关闭除pid外的所有进程）