lower_bound()和upper_bound(),binary_search()都是利用二分查找的方法在一个排好序的数组中进行查找的。
lower_bound():返回大于或等于目标值的第一个位置
upper_bound():返回大于目标值的第一个位置
binary_search():若目标值存在则返回true,否则返回false
lower_bound 的作用是在已经排好序的数组中返回第一个大于等于(不小于)你所给定的值。
源码版本一
templateForwardIt lower_bound(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, const T& value) { ForwardIt it; typename std::iterator_traits ::difference_type count, step; count = std::distance(first, last); // 首项与尾项的距离 while (count > 0) { it = first; step = count / 2; std::advance(it, step); // 将 it 迭代器右移 n 个位置。 if (*it < value) { first = ++it; count -= step + 1; } else count = step; } return first; }
源码版本二
template三、upper_bound( )ForwardIt lower_bound(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, const T& value, Compare comp) { ForwardIt it; typename std::iterator_traits ::difference_type count, step; count = std::distance(first, last); while (count > 0) { it = first; step = count / 2; std::advance(it, step); if (comp(*it, value)) { first = ++it; count -= step + 1; } else count = step; } return first; }
upper_bound( begin,end,num):从数组的begin位置到end-1位置二分查找第一个大于num的数字,找到返回该数字的地址,不存在则返回end。
源码版本一
templateForwardIt upper_bound(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, const T& value) { ForwardIt it; typename std::iterator_traits ::difference_type count, step; count = std::distance(first, last); while (count > 0) { it = first; step = count / 2; std::advance(it, step); if (!(value < *it)) { first = ++it; count -= step + 1; } else count = step; } return first; }
源码版本二
template四、 binary_search()ForwardIt upper_bound(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, const T& value, Compare comp) { ForwardIt it; typename std::iterator_traits ::difference_type count, step; count = std::distance(first, last); while (count > 0) { it = first; step = count / 2; std::advance(it, step); if (!comp(value, *it)) { first = ++it; count -= step + 1; } else count = step; } return first; }
在数组中以二分法检索的方式查找,若在数组中查找到indx元素则真,若查找不到则返回值是假
源码版本
template五、实例bool binary_search (ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, const T& val) { first = std::lower_bound(first,last,val); return (first!=last && !(val<*first)); }
#include #include#include int main() { const std::vector data = { 1, 2, 4, 5, 5, 6 }; for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) { // 返回数组中第一个大于或等于i的值 auto lower = std::lower_bound(data.begin(), data.end(), i); std::cout << i << " ≤ "; lower != data.end() ? std::cout << *lower << " at index " << std::distance(data.begin(), lower) : std::cout << "not found"; std::cout << 'n'; } std::cout << 'n'; // 返回数组中第一个大于5的值 auto upper = std::upper_bound(data.begin(), data.end(), 5); upper != data.end() ? std::cout << *upper << " at index " << std::distance(data.begin(), upper) : std::cout << "not found"; std::cout << 'n'; int a[100] = { 5,9,11,30,69,70,96,100 }; bool ans = binary_search(a, a + 9, 5);//查找成功,返回true cout << "在数组中查找元素5,结果为:" << std::boolalpha << ans << endl; bool res = binary_search(a, a + 9, 99);//查找失败,返回false cout << "在数组中查找元素99,结果为:" << std::boolalpha << res << endl; system("pause"); return 0; }
打印
参考:
std::lower_bound - cppreference.com
std::upper_bound - cppreference.com
upper_bound和lower_bound的区别_zifengningyu的博客-CSDN博客_upper_bound



