“素数一般指质数。质数是指在大于1的自然数中，除了1和它本身以外不再有其他因数的自然数。”下面通过python代码计算出200以内的质数。
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 初始化一个列表
primes = [2]
# 从2开始遍历200以内的数字
for number in range(2, 200):
for prime in primes:
# 对number进行取余操作
remainder = number % prime
if remainder == 0: # The number is not prime
break
sqrt = number ** 0.5
if sqrt < prime:
primes.append(number)
break
# m = sqrt(n) ------> m*m = n, if n is not prime, n = a * b
# a * b = m * m
# 1.a > m, b < m
# 2.a = m, b = m
# 3.a < m, b > m
# min(a,b) <= m
print(primes)
运行结果为：
[2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97, 101, 103, 107, 109, 113, 127, 131, 137, 139, 149, 151, 157, 163, 167, 173, 179, 181, 191, 193, 197, 199]
