Hive安装详细步骤

Hive安装前，首先以安装完成Hadoop，且本文中使用MySQL作为Hive的元数据存储库，MySQL数据库也要提前准备好，关于Hadoop和MySQL的安装可参考另外两篇文章：

• 完全分布式Hadoop集群搭建

• CentOS离线安装MySQL

直接从官网下载需要的版本即可：Hive官网

本文中安装的版本为：apache-hive-2.3.9

本示例中Hive安装在/app目录下，解压后重命名为hive

cd /app
tar -zxvf apache-hive-2.3.9-bin.tar.gz
mv apache-hive-2.3.9-bin hive

vim ~/.bashrc

# 添加以下内容
export HIVE_HOME=/app/hive
export PATH=$PATH:$HIVE_HOME/bin
export HADOOP_HOME=/app/hadoop-2.10.1

# 生效环境变量
source ~/.bashrc

查看Hive版本，正常输出无问题即可，如下：

# 查看Hive版本命令
hive --version
# 输出信息如下
Hive 2.3.9
Git git://chaos-mbp.lan/Users/chao/git/hive -r 92dd0159f440ca7863be3232f3a683a510a62b9d
Compiled by chao on Tue Jun 1 14:02:14 PDT 2021
From source with checksum 6715a3ba850b746eefbb0ec20d5a0187

    
    
        javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL
        jdbc:mysql://199.188.166.113:3306/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true&useSSL=false
        JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore
    
    
    
        javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName
        com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
        Driver class name for a JDBC metastore
    
    
    
        javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName
        hive
        username to use against metastore database
    
    
    
        javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword
        zhaoty
        password to use against metastore database
    
    
    
        hive.metastore.warehouse.dir
        /user/hive/warehouse
        location of default database for the warehouse
    
    
    
        hive.cli.print.current.db
        true
        Whether to include the current database in the Hive prompt.
    
    
    
        hive.cli.print.current.db
        true
        Whether to include the current database in the Hive prompt.
    
    
    
        hive.cli.print.header
        true
    
    
    
    
        hive.exec.mode.local.auto
        true
        Let Hive determine whether to run in local mode automatically
    

将 mysql驱动上传到$HIVE_HOME/lib目录下，本机若存在直接CP即可，若没有，可从官网下载：MySQL :: Download Connector/J

[hadoop@node3 bin]$ schematool -dbType mysql -initSchema
# 输出信息如下
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/app/hive/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.6.2.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/app/hadoop-2.10.1/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.25.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory]
Metastore connection URL:        jdbc:mysql://199.188.166.113:3306/hive?allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true&createDatabaseIfNotExist=true&useSSL=false
Metastore Connection Driver :    com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
Metastore connection User:       hive
Starting metastore schema initialization to 2.3.0
Initialization script hive-schema-2.3.0.mysql.sql
Initialization script completed
schemaTool completed

# 启动hive服务之前，请先启动hadoop集群
[hadoop@node3 ~]$ hive
# 输出信息如下，成功进入hive
which: no hbase in (/home/hadoop/.local/bin:/home/hadoop/bin:/app/java/jdk1.8.0_181/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/app/mysql8/bin:/app/hadoop-2.10.1/bin:/app/hive/bin)
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/app/hive/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.6.2.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/app/hadoop-2.10.1/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.25.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory]

Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/app/hive/lib/hive-common-2.3.9.jar!/hive-log4j2.properties Async: true
Hive-on-MR is deprecated in Hive 2 and may not be available in the future versions. Consider using a different execution engine (i.e. spark, tez) or using Hive 1.X releases.
hive (default)> 

Hive的日志默认存放在/tmp/hadoop目录下（hadoop为当前用户名），这个位置可以修改，也可以不改，但是要知道位置。

vi $HIVE_HOME/conf/hive-log4j2.properties
# 添加以下内容:
property.hive.log.dir=/app/hive/logs