docker version # 显示docker的版本信息 docker info # 显示docker的系统信息，显示镜像和容器的数量 docker 命令 --help # 帮助命令
帮助文档地址
镜像命令docker images 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像
docker search 搜索镜像（如mysql）
[root@kuangshen ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000 NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 12555 [OK] mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4826 [OK]
docker pull 下载
[root@kuangshen ~]# docker pull mysql Using default tag: latest latest: Pulling from library/mysql 72a69066d2fe: Pull complete 93619dbc5b36: Pull complete 99da31dd6142: Pull complete 626033c43d70: Pull complete 37d5d7efb64e: Pull complete ac563158d721: Pull complete d2ba16033dad: Pull complete 688ba7d5c01a: Pull complete 00e060b6d11d: Pull complete 1c04857f594f: Pull complete 4d7cfa90e6ea: Pull complete e0431212d27d: Pull complete Digest: sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709 Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest docker.io/library/mysql:latest #指定版本下载 [root@kuangshen ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7 5.7: Pulling from library/mysql 72a69066d2fe: Already exists 93619dbc5b36: Already exists 99da31dd6142: Already exists 626033c43d70: Already exists 37d5d7efb64e: Already exists ac563158d721: Already exists d2ba16033dad: Already exists 0ceb82207cd7: Pull complete 37f2405cae96: Pull complete e2482e017e53: Pull complete 70deed891d42: Pull complete Digest: sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94 Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7 docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
docker rmi 删除镜像
# 通过id来删除镜像 [root@kuangshen ~]# docker rmi -f c20987f18b13 # 删除全部镜像 [root@kuangshen ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)容器命令
有镜像才可以创建容器，这里下载centOS镜像
docker pull centos
新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] images # 参数说明 --name="Name" 容器名字 tomcat7 tomcat8 用来区分容器 -d 后台方式运行 -it 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容 -p 指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080 -p ip:主机端口:容器端口 -p 主机端口:容器端口（常用） -p 容器端口 容器端口 -P 随机指定端口 # 测试，启动并进入容器 [root@kuangshen ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash [root@23c56987d7c2 /]# [root@23c56987d7c2 /]# ls #查看容器内的centos bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr # 从容器中退回主机 [root@23c56987d7c2 /]# exit exit [root@kuangshen ~]# ls
列出所有的运行的容器
# docker ps 命令 # 列出当前正在运行的容器 -a # 列出当前正在运行的容器+带出历史运行过的容器 -n=? #显示最近创建的容器 -q #只显示容器的编号 [root@kuangshen /]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES [root@kuangshen /]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 23c56987d7c2 centos "/bin/bash" 8 minutes ago Exited (0) 5 minutes ago nifty_tereshkova a991ecc4094f feb5d9fea6a5 "/hello" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago sharp_satoshi 8868bbf529eb feb5d9fea6a5 "/hello" 5 days ago Exited (0) 5 days ago beautiful_newton [root@kuangshen /]# docker ps -a -n=1 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 23c56987d7c2 centos "/bin/bash" 13 minutes ago Exited (0) 10 minutes ago nifty_tereshkova [root@kuangshen /]# docker ps -aq 23c56987d7c2 a991ecc4094f 8868bbf529eb退出容器
exit # 直接停止容器并退出 Ctrl + P + Q #容器不停止退出 [root@kuangshen /]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES [root@kuangshen /]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash [root@45720861ad1d /]# [root@kuangshen /]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 45720861ad1d centos "/bin/bash" 47 seconds ago Up 46 seconds boring_gagarin删除容器
docker rm 容器id # 删除指定的容器，不能删除正在运行的容器，如果要强制删除 rm -f docker rm -f $(docker pa -sq) #删除所有的容器 docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm #删除所有的容器 [root@kuangshen /]# docker ps -aq 45720861ad1d a991ecc4094f 8868bbf529eb [root@kuangshen /]# docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) 45720861ad1d a991ecc4094f 8868bbf529eb [root@kuangshen /]# docker ps -aq启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id # 启动容器 docker restart 容器id # 重启容器 docker stop 容器id # 停止当前正在运行的容器 docker kill 容器id # 强制停止当前容器常用的其他命令 后台启动容器
[root@kuangshen /]# docker run -d centos查看日志
docker logs查看容器中的进程信息 ps
top命令查看镜像的元数据
# 命令
docker inspect 容器id
# 测试
[root@kuangshen /]# docker inspect fcd3cb269625
[
{
"Id": "fcd3cb269625489d339bf181986c1cb60ef5488e035fd56db9e46b0a2eb8b0af",
"Created": "2022-05-12T12:09:08.2487735Z",
"Path": "/bin/sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo kuangshen;sleep 1;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 18661,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2022-05-12T12:09:08.503320051Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/fcd3cb269625489d339bf181986c1cb60ef5488e035fd56db9e46b0a2eb8b0af/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/fcd3cb269625489d339bf181986c1cb60ef5488e035fd56db9e46b0a2eb8b0af/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/fcd3cb269625489d339bf181986c1cb60ef5488e035fd56db9e46b0a2eb8b0af/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/fcd3cb269625489d339bf181986c1cb60ef5488e035fd56db9e46b0a2eb8b0af/fcd3cb269625489d339bf181986c1cb60ef5488e035fd56db9e46b0a2eb8b0af-json.log",
"Name": "/great_mendel",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/bc897f9cc5d5fa2771da373f64cd7dd3fae5ac8e4814c63693b74837814a859c-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b6ec9e0a4579352d8fbd9715dc7fa5f6543b9d81d42048871c5fa7b2baaaf064/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/bc897f9cc5d5fa2771da373f64cd7dd3fae5ac8e4814c63693b74837814a859c/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/bc897f9cc5d5fa2771da373f64cd7dd3fae5ac8e4814c63693b74837814a859c/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/bc897f9cc5d5fa2771da373f64cd7dd3fae5ac8e4814c63693b74837814a859c/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "fcd3cb269625",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"while true;do echo kuangshen;sleep 1;done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "84473693d2b8461dc438ed2e3501785f40f5966926c0df91c62ef236b4b6682b",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/84473693d2b8",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "e18ef3731f9bcae964bb651f6666f674b63042474b0b6cd4a2ecb8313ddc6a2d",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "419bec361cd6494fb1c68217949531c358b0b01fd0cabc1461d939dcae1ab500",
"EndpointID": "e18ef3731f9bcae964bb651f6666f674b63042474b0b6cd4a2ecb8313ddc6a2d",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
进入当前正在运行的容器
# 我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置 # 命令 docker exec -it 容器id bashShell # 调试 [root@kuangshen /]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES fcd3cb269625 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 17 minutes ago Up 17 minutes great_mendel [root@kuangshen /]# docker exec -it fcd3cb269625 /bin/bash [root@fcd3cb269625 /]# ls bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr [root@fcd3cb269625 /]# ps -ef UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 1 0 0 12:09 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo kuangshen; root 1104 0 0 12:27 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash root 1124 1 0 12:27 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-sheb root 1125 1104 0 12:27 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef # 方式二 docker attach 容器id # 测试 [root@kuangshen /]# docker attach fcd3cb269625 正在执行当前的代码 # docker exec # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作（常用） # docker attach # 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程！
从容器内拷贝文件到主机上
docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的的主机路径 # 查看当前主机目录下 kuangshen kuangshen.java qinjiang www [root@kuangshen home]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 1e2c972c6bab centos "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Up About a minute elegant_burnell # 进入docker容器内部 [root@kuangshen home]# docker attach 1e2c972c6bab [root@1e2c972c6bab /]# cd /home [root@1e2c972c6bab home]# ls # 在容器内新建一个文件 [root@1e2c972c6bab home]# touch test.java [root@1e2c972c6bab home]# exit exit [root@kuangshen home]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 1e2c972c6bab centos "/bin/bash" 2 minutes ago Exited (0) 8 seconds ago elegant_burnell # 将这个文件拷贝到主机上 [root@kuangshen home]# docker cp 1e2c972c6bab:/home/test.java /home [root@kuangshen home]# ld ld: no input files [root@kuangshen home]# ls kuangshen kuangshen.java qinjiang test.java www # 拷贝是一个手动过程，未来我们使用 -v 卷的技术，可以实现
命令小结
