Centos 7.6通过rpm安装MySQL 5.7.38

wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm

 输出内容如下：

[root@admin ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm

--2022-05-10 13:58:29--  https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm
Resolving dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)... 137.254.60.11
Connecting to dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)|137.254.60.11|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
Location: https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm [following]
--2022-05-10 13:58:30--  https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm
Resolving repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)... 92.122.253.200
Connecting to repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)|92.122.253.200|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 9224 (9.0K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager]
Saving to: ‘mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm’

100%[============================================================================>] 9,224       --.-K/s   in 0s      

2022-05-10 13:58:31 (103 MB/s) - ‘mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm’ saved [9224/9224]

[root@admin ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@admin yum.repos.d]# ls
rhel.repo

可以看到没有MySql的repo

[root@admin ~]# rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm 
warning: mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql57-community-release-el7-9  ################################# [100%]

[root@admin ~]# cd -
/etc/yum.repos.d
[root@admin yum.repos.d]# ls
mysql-community.repo  mysql-community-source.repo  rhel.repo

[root@admin yum.repos.d]# rpm -qa | grep mysql
mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch

可以看到只有我们刚才安装的包，没有其他的mysql包。

[root@admin yum.repos.d]# yum install -y mysql-server

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
mysql-connectors-community                                                                     | 2.6 kB  00:00:00     
mysql-tools-community                                                                          | 2.6 kB  00:00:00     
mysql57-community                                                                              | 2.6 kB  00:00:00     
(1/3): mysql-tools-community/x86_64/primary_db                                                 |  86 kB  00:00:01     
(2/3): mysql-connectors-community/x86_64/primary_db                                            |  87 kB  00:00:01     
(3/3): mysql57-community/x86_64/primary_db                                                     | 306 kB  00:00:01     
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.38-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.7.38-1.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.38-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-libs(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 for package: mysql-community-client-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64
---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.38-1.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.38-1.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

======================================================================================================================
 Package                            Arch               Version                    Repository                     Size
======================================================================================================================
Installing:
 mysql-community-server             x86_64             5.7.38-1.el7               mysql57-community             178 M
Installing for dependencies:
 mysql-community-client             x86_64             5.7.38-1.el7               mysql57-community              28 M
 mysql-community-common             x86_64             5.7.38-1.el7               mysql57-community             311 k
 mysql-community-libs               x86_64             5.7.38-1.el7               mysql57-community             2.6 M

Transaction Summary
======================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package (+3 Dependent packages)

Total download size: 208 M
Installed size: 890 M
Downloading packages:
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql57-community/packages/mysql-community-common-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 3a79bd29: NOKEY
Public key for mysql-community-common-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
(1/4): mysql-community-common-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                          | 311 kB  00:00:01     
(2/4): mysql-community-libs-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                            | 2.6 MB  00:00:04     
(3/4): mysql-community-client-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                          |  28 MB  00:00:37     
(4/4): mysql-community-server-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                          | 178 MB  00:02:13     
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                 1.5 MB/s | 208 MB  00:02:18     
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
Importing GPG key 0x5072E1F5:
 Userid     : "MySQL Release Engineering "
 Fingerprint: a4a9 4068 76fc bd3c 4567 70c8 8c71 8d3b 5072 e1f5
 Package    : mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch (installed)
 From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql


Public key for mysql-community-server-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed


 Failing package is: mysql-community-server-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64
 GPG Keys are configured as: file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

执行命令后，正常下载即可，但是下载完后会有个告警
失败的软件包是：mysql-community-server-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64
GPG密钥配置为：file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
 
处理办法：修改 /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo，找到你安装的MySql版本。修改其中的gpgcheck=0即可,默认值为1

[root@VM-4-16-centos yum.repos.d]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo

启动Mysql
错误：

[root@admin ~]# systemctl start mysqld.service
Failed to start mysqld.service: Unit not found.

解决办法：

首先需要安装mariadb-server

安装mariadb-server
[root@admin ~]# yum install -y mariadb mariadb-server mariadb.service


# 启动服务
[root@admin ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service

# 添加到开机启动
[root@admin ~]# systemctl enable mariadb.service

再次启动Mysql
[root@admin ~]# systemctl start mysqld.service

[root@admin ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2022-05-10 14:45:17 CST; 1min 59s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 4564 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 3788 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 4567 (mysqld)
    Tasks: 27
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─4567 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

May 10 14:44:36 admin systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
May 10 14:45:17 admin systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

runing表示已经启动

[root@admin ~]# mysql -V
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.38, for Linux (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

通过my.cnf文件找到log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log文件，在改文件中根据password关键字查询初始密码

[root@VM-4-16-centos ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

找到初始密码之后，就可以开始登录了

[root@VM-4-16-centos ~]# grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log

[root@admin ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.38

Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.

---修改登录密码
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by "Root@123";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

---开放连接权限
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'Root@123' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

安装完成！