Ubuntu 挂载硬盘 STEP 1 查看硬盘状态最近显卡降价，新配了一台服务器用于开发。以下为服务器配置过程的记录。
输入命令 sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/loop0: 4 KiB, 4096 bytes, 8 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/loop1: 65.22 MiB, 68378624 bytes, 133552 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/loop2: 248.78 MiB, 260841472 bytes, 509456 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/loop3: 54.24 MiB, 56872960 bytes, 111080 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/loop4: 43.6 MiB, 45703168 bytes, 89264 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/loop5: 61.93 MiB, 64917504 bytes, 126792 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/loop6: 44.69 MiB, 46845952 bytes, 91496 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/loop7: 61.92 MiB, 64909312 bytes, 126776 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 465.78 GiB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors Disk model: KINGSTON SNVS500G Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: gpt Disk identifier: ECD7DB41-C680-44DF-9C4D-102C06171497 Device Start End Sectors Size Type /dev/nvme0n1p1 2048 1050623 1048576 512M EFI System /dev/nvme0n1p2 1050624 976771071 975720448 465.3G Linux LVM Disk /dev/sda: 931.53 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors Disk model: WDC WD10EZEX-00B Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/vgubuntu-root: 464.31 GiB, 498539167744 bytes, 973709312 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/vgubuntu-swap_1: 980 MiB, 1027604480 bytes, 2007040 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes server@server-H510M-S2:~$ sudo blkid /dev/mapper/vgubuntu-swap_1: UUID="9d6204a0-bf5c-4efb-b55c-683ebfda05ef" TYPE="swap" /dev/mapper/vgubuntu-root: UUID="eeee27cf-2b9c-4814-a6af-0a9b9f43b45f" TYPE="ext4" /dev/loop0: TYPE="squashfs" /dev/loop1: TYPE="squashfs" /dev/loop2: TYPE="squashfs" /dev/loop3: TYPE="squashfs" /dev/loop4: TYPE="squashfs" /dev/loop5: TYPE="squashfs" /dev/loop6: TYPE="squashfs" /dev/loop7: TYPE="squashfs" /dev/nvme0n1p1: UUID="D8A1-6CC3" TYPE="vfat" PARTUUID="c78f4448-e6e9-46fe-b3a5-803263188ee5" /dev/nvme0n1p2: UUID="rHxL8o-vqRv-we7q-itJt-4A13-2yO5-ZcLZBy" TYPE="LVM2_member" PARTUUID="6d8e30b6-e67a-4f13-afa2-e951328aaa57"
服务器配有两块硬盘，一块500G固态硬盘，一块1T机械盘，依据空间大小，其中 /dev/sda为需要挂载的机械盘。（类似的可以通过 ls /dev/sd*来查看盘符）
STEP 2 创建新的分区并进行格式化创建分区命令 sudo fdisk /dev/sda
显示以及相关操作如下所示：
其中
m 获取命令帮助
n 创建新的分区（后续默认即可）
server@server-H510M-S2:~$ sudo fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.34).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x769d61a5.
Command (m for help): m
Help:
DOS (MBR)
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit nested BSD disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
Generic
d delete a partition
F list free unpartitioned space
l list known partition types
n add a new partition
p print the partition table
t change a partition type
v verify the partition table
i print information about a partition
Misc
m print this menu
u change display/entry units
x extra functionality (experts only)
Script
I load disk layout from sfdisk script file
O dump disk layout to sfdisk script file
Save & Exit
w write table to disk and exit
q quit without saving changes
Create a new label
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table
o create a new empty DOS partition table
s create a new empty Sun partition table
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-1953525167, default 2048):
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-1953525167, default 1953525167):
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 931.5 GiB.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
格式化命令：sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sda1
STEP 3 挂载硬盘临时挂载使用 mount 命令。这里需要开机自动挂载，故需要获取新分区的 UUID 并在 /etc/fstab 中添加相关信息。
查看 UUID 命令 ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid/
total 0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 5月 7 20:08 9d6204a0-bf5c-4efb-b55c-683ebfda05ef -> ../../dm-1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 5月 7 20:08 D8A1-6CC3 -> ../../nvme0n1p1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 5月 7 20:08 db7131a3-de9e-46ee-bb52-8c488758747a -> ../../sda1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 5月 7 20:08 eeee27cf-2b9c-4814-a6af-0a9b9f43b45f -> ../../dm-0
创建挂载点 sudo mkdir /home/DataPartition
编辑 /etc/fstab在最后一行中添加挂载信息。如下所示：
# /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # #STEP 4 检查是否成功/dev/mapper/vgubuntu-root / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # /boot/efi was on /dev/nvme0n1p1 during installation UUID=D8A1-6CC3 /boot/efi vfat umask=0077 0 1 /dev/mapper/vgubuntu-swap_1 none swap sw 0 0 UUID=db7131a3-de9e-46ee-bb52-8c488758747a /home/DataPartition ext4 defaults 0 2
重启后，输入 df -h 查看挂载情况
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on udev 16G 0 16G 0% /dev tmpfs 3.2G 1.8M 3.2G 1% /run /dev/mapper/vgubuntu-root 457G 7.2G 426G 2% / tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/loop0 128K 128K 0 100% /snap/bare/5 /dev/loop1 62M 62M 0 100% /snap/core20/1328 /dev/loop2 55M 55M 0 100% /snap/snap-store/558 /dev/loop4 44M 44M 0 100% /snap/snapd/14978 /dev/loop3 66M 66M 0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1519 /dev/loop5 249M 249M 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-38-2004/99 /dev/nvme0n1p1 511M 5.3M 506M 2% /boot/efi /dev/loop6 45M 45M 0 100% /snap/snapd/15534 /dev/loop7 62M 62M 0 100% /snap/core20/1434 /dev/sda1 916G 77M 870G 1% /home/DataPartition tmpfs 3.2G 8.0K 3.2G 1% /run/user/1000 tmpfs 3.2G 16K 3.2G 1% /run/user/125
可以看到，/dev/sda1已经成功挂载。
