1、创建MySQL用户
创建MySQL所需用户，后续都以这个用户来运行MySQL
[root@hlying ~]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql
2、创建目录和授权
创建日志、数据存放目录、把创建好的目录属主、属组为mysql用户
[root@hlying ~]# mkdir /app/mydata/{logs,data} -p
[root@hlying ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /app/mydata
3、解压安装包
解压MySQL的二进制包到/usr/local目录下
[root@hlying ~]# tar xf mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
4、创建软连接修改权限
在/usr/local下创建一个名为mysql的软连接，然后把这个软连接的属组、属主都改为mysql用户、查看mysql里面文件的权限
[root@hlying local]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ /usr/local/mysql [root@hlying local]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/ [root@hlying local]# ls -l mysql/ total 36 drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Apr 24 13:46 bin -rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 17987 Mar 4 2018 COPYING drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 55 Apr 24 13:46 docs drwxr-xr-x 3 mysql mysql 4096 Apr 24 13:46 include drwxr-xr-x 5 mysql mysql 229 Apr 24 13:46 lib drwxr-xr-x 4 mysql mysql 30 Apr 24 13:46 man -rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 2478 Mar 4 2018 README drwxr-xr-x 28 mysql mysql 4096 Apr 24 13:46 share drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 90 Apr 24 13:46 support-files
5、修改配置文件
编辑/etc/my.cnf配置文件
[client] port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock [mysqld] server_id=1 port = 3306 user = mysql character-set-server = utf8 default_storage_engine = innodb log_timestamps = SYSTEM socket = /tmp/mysql.sock basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /app/mydata/data pid-file = /app/mydata/data/mysql.pid max_connections = 5000 max_connect_errors = 1000 table_open_cache = 1024 max_allowed_packet = 128M open_files_limit = 65535 log_bin = mysql-bin binlog_format = MIXED query_cache_size = 128M query_cache_limit = 4M sort_buffer_size = 16M join_buffer_size = 16M wait_timeout=31536000 interactive_timeout=31536000 #####====================================[innodb]============================== innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1024M innodb_file_per_table = 1 innodb_write_io_threads = 4 innodb_read_io_threads = 4 innodb_purge_threads = 2 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_log_file_size = 512M innodb_log_files_in_group = 2 innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 80 innodb_rollback_on_timeout = on innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 28800 innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:1024M:autoextend innodb_undo_tablespaces=3 lower_case_table_names = 1 skip_name_resolve = on #####====================================[log]============================== log_error = /app/mydata/logs/mysql-error.log slow_query_log = 1 long_query_time = 3 log-queries-not-using-indexes slow_query_log_file = /app/mydata/logs/mysql-slow.log sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES # 复制到my.cnf配置文件里前，先在vim里把自动注释功能关闭 ：set paste
6、初始化mysql
[root@hlying local]# cd mysql # centos 模式下安装 [root@hlying local]# yum -y install libaio* # Ubuntu 模式下安装 root@web-nginx-01:/usr/local/mysql# apt-get -y install libaio-dev # 初始化mysql [root@hlying mysql]# ./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/app/mydata/data --innodb_undo_tablespaces=3 --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
7、配置启动文件，并启动mysql
[root@hlying mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld [root@hlying mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld [root@hlying mysql]# chkconfig mysqld on [root@hlying mysql]# service mysqld start Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
8、配置系统环境把mysql的信息添加进去，让其生效
[root@hlying mysql]# vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH [root@hlying mysql]# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
9、查看默认密码，修改mysql的初始密码
[root@hlying mysql]# grep -i password /app/mydata/logs/mysql-error.log
2012-04-24T13:58:25.617693+08:00 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Owq-O*udO0Mc
[root@hlying mysql]# mysql -uroot -pOwq-O*udO0Mc
mysql> set password=password('xxxxxx');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
# 5.7之后没有password，取而代之的为authentication_string
mysql> SELECt User,Host,authentication_string from user;
+---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| User | Host | authentication_string |
+---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| root | localhost | *A498955BAB852BEF5B0C78584202F0326BB117A7 |
| mysql.session | localhost | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
| mysql.sys | localhost | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
+---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
# 由于mysql 5.7之后取消了password字段，由authentication_string代替修改root密码命令
mysql> update user set authentication_string=password('123456') where user='root' and host='localhost';
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 1
# mysql 8 修改root密码
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified with mysql_native_password by 'hl@123.com';
# 更改root用户远程连接权限
mysql> update user set host = "%" where user='root';
# 更新某个用户授予服务器权限
mysql> use mysql;
Database changed
mysql> update user set Super_priv="Y" where user="hkuser";
