使用命令来挂载 -v docker run -it -v 宿主机目录:容器内的目录 镜像名(如：tomcat)
测试: #挂载容器后创文件，宿主机上的数据同步 [root@localhost ~]# docker run -it -v /home/ceshi:/home tomcat /bin/bash root@d0248b1e46fe:/usr/local/tomcat# cd /home/ root@d0248b1e46fe:/home# ls root@d0248b1e46fe:/home# touch test.txt root@d0248b1e46fe:/home# ls test.txt root@d0248b1e46fe:/home# exit exit [root@localhost ~]# cd /home/ [root@localhost home]# ls ceshi sun [root@localhost home]# cd ceshi/ [root@localhost ceshi]# ls test.txt #停止容器后宿主机创文件，容器内的数据依旧同步 [root@localhost ceshi]# vim sun.txt [root@localhost ceshi]# cat sun.txt hello linux [root@localhost ceshi]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES d0248b1e46fe tomcat "/bin/bash" 43 seconds ago Exited (0) 30 seconds ago serene_panini [root@localhost ceshi]# docker start d0248b1e46fe d0248b1e46fe [root@localhost ceshi]# docker attach d0248b1e46fe root@d0248b1e46fe:/usr/local/tomcat# cd /home/ root@d0248b1e46fe:/home# ls sun.txt test.txt root@d0248b1e46fe:/home# cat sun.txt hello linux root@d0248b1e46fe:/home#匿名挂载 具名挂载 指定路径挂载
-v 容器内路径 #匿名挂载
-v 卷名:容器内路径 #具名挂载
#匿名挂载 只写了宿主机目录路径，没写容器内目录路径 [root@localhost ~]# docker run -d --name nginx01 -v /etc/nginx nginx Unable to find image 'nginx:latest' locally latest: Pulling from library/nginx f7a1c6dad281: Pull complete 4d3e1d15534c: Pull complete 9ebb164bd1d8: Pull complete 59baa8b00c3c: Pull complete a41ae70ab6b4: Pull complete e3908122b958: Pull complete Digest: sha256:1c13bc6de5dfca749c377974146ac05256791ca2fe1979fc8e8278bf0121d285 Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest 9c55db51920f706e52a53ad60067013d49ec15e726aa4ffbf7babdbebc1da76c #查看所有volume的情况 [root@localhost ~]# docker volume ls DRIVER VOLUME NAME local e7178e5d5ab643baf94c4c728b8a6bd01a909b2f8be9af97228c0684ea37f0f8
#具名挂载 只写了主机名，没有写宿主机目录路径
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d --name nginx02 -v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx nginx
Unable to find image 'nginx:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
f7a1c6dad281: Pull complete
4d3e1d15534c: Pull complete
9ebb164bd1d8: Pull complete
59baa8b00c3c: Pull complete
a41ae70ab6b4: Pull complete
e3908122b958: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:1c13bc6de5dfca749c377974146ac05256791ca2fe1979fc8e8278bf0121d285
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
f3862ec563d96ad66aa68cf96b7407d30e6d10efb0e3298b2d0a672832f199b2
#查看所有volume的情况
[root@localhost ~]# docker volume ls
DRIVER VOLUME NAME
local juming-nginx
#查看主机juming-nginx具体目录
[root@localhost ~]# docker volume inspect juming-nginx
[
{
"CreatedAt": "2022-03-17T19:19:28+08:00",
"Driver": "local",
"Labels": null,
"Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/juming-nginx/_data",
"Name": "juming-nginx",
"Options": null,
"Scope": "local"
}
]
#所有docker容器内的卷，没有指定目录的情况下都在/var/lib/docker/volumes/xxxx/_data下
#拓展 通过-v容器内路径:ro rw改变读写权限 ro readonly #只读 rw readwrite #可读可写 docker run -d --name nginx03 -v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx:ro nginx docker run -d --name nginx03 -v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx:rw nginx实战:安装MySQL
#下载mysql [root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7 5.7: Pulling from library/mysql 15115158dd02: Pull complete d733f6778b18: Pull complete 1cc7a6c74a04: Pull complete c4364028a805: Pull complete 82887163f0f6: Pull complete 28abcb7f57e0: Pull complete 46d27a431703: Pull complete 146a7517cdca: Pull complete ac645a526e45: Pull complete a292dcc315cc: Pull complete ff70b7ef8a8b: Pull complete Digest: sha256:66d52e6baa8093820c09fec56992a5ee734f17e9fad8ef5ffc31597b231bd048 Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7 docker.io/library/mysql:5.7 #运行容器，挂载 -d 后台运行 -v 卷挂载 -e 环境配置 --name 容器名字 [root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -v /home/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /home/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 --name mysql01 mysql:5.7 03758b6283f8d2bae798a8224118f14acb410afe31fbab6410f1e8a43270cdfa #查看运行的容器 [root@localhost ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 03758b6283f8 mysql:5.7 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 4 minutes ago Up 4 minutes 3306/tcp, 33060/tcp mysql01 #查看data数据 [root@localhost ~]# cd /home/mysql/data/ [root@localhost data]# ls auto.cnf ca.pem client-key.pem ibdata1 ib_logfile1 mysql private_key.pem server-cert.pem sys ca-key.pem client-cert.pem ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile0 ibtmp1 performance_schema public_key.pem server-key.pem #删除mysql01容器 [root@localhost ~]# docker rm -f mysql01 mysql01 [root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES #查看data数据，没有丢失 [root@localhost ~]# cd /home/mysql/data/ [root@localhost data]# ls auto.cnf ca.pem client-key.pem ibdata1 ib_logfile1 mysql private_key.pem server-cert.pem sys ca-key.pem client-cert.pem ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile0 ibtmp1 performance_schema public_key.pem server-key.pemDockerfile来挂载
[root@sunrui ~]# mkdir /home/docker-test-volume
[root@sunrui ~]# cd /home/docker-test-volume/
[root@sunrui docker-test-volume]# vim dockerfile1
[root@sunrui docker-test-volume]# cat dockerfile1
FROM centos
VOLUME ["volume01,"volume02"]
CMD echo "----end----"
CMD /bin/bash
[root@sunrui docker-test-volume]# docker build -f /home/docker-test-volume/dockerfile1 -t sunrui/centos .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048kB
Step 1/4 : FROM centos
latest: Pulling from library/centos
a1d0c7532777: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
---> 5d0da3dc9764
Step 2/4 : VOLUME ["volume01","volume02"]
---> Running in 1bc26abb451c
Removing intermediate container 1bc26abb451c
---> 3139db119a06
Step 3/4 : CMD echo "----end----"
---> Running in 9321b999c707
Removing intermediate container 9321b999c707
---> 242dd8c4f551
Step 4/4 : CMD /bin/bash
---> Running in 96c4cf78cb71
Removing intermediate container 96c4cf78cb71
---> 341797207d87
Successfully built 341797207d87
Successfully tagged sunrui/centos:latest
[root@sunrui docker-test-volume]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
sunrui/centos latest 341797207d87 28 seconds ago 231MB
centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 6 months ago 231MB
[root@sunrui docker-test-volume]# docker run -it 341797207d87 /bin/bash
[root@fd23613e984e /]# ls -l
total 56
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 3 2020 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 360 Mar 16 13:00 dev
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Mar 16 13:00 etc
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 3 2020 home
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 3 2020 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 3 2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Sep 15 14:17 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 3 2020 media
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 3 2020 mnt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 3 2020 opt
dr-xr-xr-x 95 root root 0 Mar 16 13:00 proc
dr-xr-x--- 2 root root 4096 Sep 15 14:17 root
drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 Sep 15 14:17 run
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Nov 3 2020 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 3 2020 srv
dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root 0 Mar 16 13:00 sys
drwxrwxrwt 7 root root 4096 Sep 15 14:17 tmp
drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 4096 Sep 15 14:17 usr
drwxr-xr-x 20 root root 4096 Sep 15 14:17 var
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar 16 13:00 volume01 #脚本匿名挂载
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar 16 13:00 volume02 #脚本匿名挂载
[root@fd23613e984e /]# ls
bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var volume02
dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr volume01
[root@fd23613e984e /]# cd volume01
[root@fd23613e984e volume01]# ls
[root@fd23613e984e volume01]# touch test.txt
[root@fd23613e984e volume01]# ls
test.txt
[root@fd23613e984e volume01]# exit
exit
[root@sunrui docker-test-volume]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
fd23613e984e 341797207d87 "/bin/bash" 24 seconds ago Exited (0) 3 seconds ago determined_wu
[root@sunrui docker-test-volume]# docker inspect fd23613e984e
"Mounts": [
{
"Type": "volume",
"Name": "055f08866375cba36b6ce657c88afbdb25830191bf2a1d16bee6aeea70d14aac",
"Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/055f08866375cba36b6ce657c88afbdb25830191bf2a1d16bee6aeea70d14aac/_data",
"Destination": "volume01",
"Driver": "local",
"Mode": "",
"RW": true,
"Propagation": ""
[root@sunrui ~]# cd /var/lib/docker/volumes/055f08866375cba36b6ce657c88afbdb25830191bf2a1d16bee6aeea70d14aac/_data
[root@sunrui _data]# ls
test.txt
