前后连调基础配置

• 1.创建项目
• • 1.1创建django项目和应用
  • 1.2安装数据库
  • 1.3配置跨域和数据库
• 2.模型类
• • 2.1编写模型类和迁移数据
  • 2.2注册模型类并迁移
• 3.序列化器和视图
• • 3.1序列化器

创建项目:django-admin startproject 项目名

创建子应用: python .manage.py startapp 应用名

在项目同名的文件夹下安装数据库

import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

我们配置跨域简单来说有三点要求
1.使用跨域应用
2.在配置跨域中间件(再把CSRF注释了)
3.最后再设置允许所有源访问

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    
    'rest_framework',  # drf框架
    'corsheaders',  # 1.跨域
    'student',  # 子应用
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    # 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
    
    'corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware',  # 2.跨域中间件
]

CORS_ORIGIN_ALLOW_ALL = True  # 3.跨域 允许所有源访问

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'HOST': 'localhost',
        'PORT': 3306,
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': 'root',
        'NAME': 'student',
    }
}

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-Hans'

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

模型类与之前的没有差别，前后连调不需要改动模型类

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
class Teacher(models.Model):
    tea_name = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='老师姓名')

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '老师表'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
        db_table = 'teacher'

    def __str__(self):
        return self.tea_name

class Student(models.Model):
    stu_name = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='学生姓名')
    score = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='成绩')
    sex = models.CharField(max_length=5, verbose_name='性别')
    teacher = models.ForeignKey(to=Teacher, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name='老师')

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '学生表'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
        db_table = 'student'

    def __str__(self):
        return self.stu_name

创建好模型类要注册，不然创建模型类不会显示

from django.contrib import admin
from student.models import Teacher,Student
# Register your models here.
admin.site.register(Teacher)
admin.site.register(Student)

最后再执行迁移文件，把文件迁移到数据库里面，最后创建超级用户添加测试数据
生成迁移文件:python .manage.py makemigrations
执行迁移:python .manage.py migrate
创建超级用户:python .manage.py createsuperuser

在子应用下新建文件serializers.py文件，添加以下代码:

class TeacherSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Teacher
        fields = '__all__'

class StudentSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Student
        fields = '__all__'