• • Dockerfile
  • • 1. 结构
    • 2. 指令
    • 3. 创建镜像
    • 4. 创建 nginx 镜像
    • 5. 制作 httpd 镜像
    • • 5.1 创建工作目录
      • 5.2 编写dockerfile
      • 5.3 制作镜像
      • 5.4 修改名字
      • 5.5 测试
      • 5.6 上传

• Dockerfile 由一行行命令语句组成，并且支持以 # 开头的注释行。

• Docker分为四部分：

  • 基础镜像信息
  • 维护者信息
  • 镜像操作指令
  • 容器启动时默认要执⾏的指令

# This dockerfile uses the ubuntu image
# VERSION 2 - EDITION 1
# Author: seancheng
# Command format: Instruction [arguments / command] ...
# 第⼀⾏必须指定基于的基础镜像
FROM ubuntu
# 维护者信息
LABEL MAINTAINER='seancheng xianshangxian@126.com'
# 镜像操作指令
RUN echo "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring main universe" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y nginx //更新，安装
RUN echo "ndaemon off;" >> /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
ndaemon off; 在前台运行 
n 换行        
# 容器启动时默认要执⾏的指令
CMD /usr/sbin/nginx

• FROM

格式为 FROM  或 FROM : 

• LABEL MAINTAINER

格式为 LABEL MAINTAINER  ，指定维护者
信息

• RUN

格式为 
RUN  ,RUN ["/bin/bash","-c","echo hello"]
在shell终端中运⾏命令，即/bin/sh -c
或 
RUN ["executable","param1","param2"],RUN echo "hello worldnhello tom" > /tmp/abc && 
 cat /tmp/abc
使⽤exec执⾏,每条RUN指令将在当前镜像基础上执⾏指定命令，并提交为新的镜像。当命令较⻓时可以使⽤  来换⾏

• CMD

CMD ["executable","param1","param2"] 使⽤exec执⾏，推荐⽅式
CMD command param1 param2 在/bin/sh中执⾏，提供给需要交互的应⽤
CMD ["param1","param2"] 提供给ENTRYPOINT的默认参数

• EXPOSE

格式为 EXPOSE  [...] 
EXPOSE 22 80 8443

• ENV

格式为 ENV   。指定⼀个环境变量，会被后续RUN指令
使⽤，并在容器运⾏时保持
ENV PG_MAJOR 9.3
ENV PG_VERSION 9.3.4
RUN curl -SL http://example.com/postgres-$PG_VERSION.tar.xz
 | tar -xJC /usr/src/postgress && ...
ENV PATH /usr/local/postgres-$PG_MAJOR/bin:$PATH

• ENTRYPOINT

ENTRYPOINT ["executable","param1","param2"]
ENTRYPOINT command param1 param2（在shell中执⾏）
每个Dockerfile中只能有⼀个ENTRYPOINT

ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/sbin/nginx"]

• 通过docker build命令来创建镜像，基本的格式为 docker build [选项] 路径

• 例如，指定Dockerfile所在路径为/tmp/docker_builder/，并且希望⽣成镜像标签为build_repo/first_image，可以使⽤下⾯的命令

docker build -t build_repo/first_image /tmp/docker_builder/

• 创建目录并且编写dockerfile

[root@SYL4 ~]# mkdir nginx//创建目录
[root@SYL4 ~]# cd nginx/
[root@SYL4 nginx]# touch Dockerfile
[root@SYL4 nginx]# vim Dockerfile //编写
[root@SYL4 nginx]# cat Dockerfile 
FROM ubuntu

LABEL MAINTAINER "xiaoyinguhong 3066347695@qq.com"

RUN echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse" > etc/apt/sources.list && 
    echo "deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list && 
    echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list && 
    echo "deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list && 
    echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list && 
    echo "deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list && 
    echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list && 
    echo "deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list && 
    apt-get update && apt-get -y install nginx && 
    echo "ndaemon off;" >> /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

CMD ["/usr/sbin/nginx"]  //或者/usr/sbin/nginx
[root@SYL4 nginx]# 

[root@SYL4 nginx]# docker build -t nginx:2060.1 .  //在当前目录下制作镜像
        

• CMD 和 ENTRYPOINT，创建镜像

[root@SYL4 nginx]# cat Dockerfile 
FROM ubuntu

LABEL MAINTAINER "xiaoyinguhong 3066347695@qq.com"

........ 省略

    apt-get update && apt-get -y install nginx
#    echo "ndaemon off;" >> /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

CMD ["-g","daemon off;"]
ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/sbin/nginx"]
[root@SYL4 nginx]# 
[root@SYL4 nginx]# docker build -t nginx:2060.3 .

[root@SYL4 ~]# docker run -d --name web nginx:2060.3
460f7ac5c0133b642f91ac324a2276a880a13438ad4b5cb772f983235c0e9dc8
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker ps -a 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
460f7ac5c013   nginx:2060.3   "/usr/sbin/nginx -g …"   8 seconds ago   Up 7 seconds             web
[root@SYL4 ~]# 

 "Cmd": [
                "-g",
                "daemon off;"
            ],
            "Image": "nginx:2060.3",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": [
                "/usr/sbin/nginx"

• 暴露端口号，制作镜像，并访问

[root@SYL4 nginx]# cat Dockerfile 
FROM ubuntu

LABEL MAINTAINER "xiaoyinguhong 3066347695@qq.com"

RUN echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse" > etc/apt/sources.list && 
    
......

    apt-get update && apt-get -y install nginx
#    echo "ndaemon off;" >> /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

EXPOSE 80 443

CMD ["-g","daemon off;"]
ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/sbin/nginx"]
[root@SYL4 nginx]#
制作镜像        
[root@SYL4 nginx]# docker build -t nginx:2060.4 .

运行
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker run -d --name web1 nginx:2060.4
bdaeaf7f9d0a3f2c1e3c548d1cae9672208456a9a7fc631394e4f41b901915c4
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker ps -a 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS             NAMES
bdaeaf7f9d0a   nginx:2060.4   "/usr/sbin/nginx -g …"   2 seconds ago   Up 1 second    80/tcp, 443/tcp   web1
460f7ac5c013   nginx:2060.3   "/usr/sbin/nginx -g …"   8 minutes ago   Up 8 minutes                     web
[root@SYL4 ~]# 

访问        
[root@SYL4 ~]# curl 172.17.0.3







Welcome to nginx!
If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.

For online documentation and support please refer to
nginx.org.

Commercial support is available at
nginx.com.

Thank you for using nginx.


[root@SYL4 ~]# 

• 环境变量

[root@SYL4 nginx]# vim Dockerfile 
[root@SYL4 nginx]# cat Dockerfile 
FROM ubuntu

LABEL MAINTAINER "xiaoyinguhong 3066347695@qq.com"

ENV a=10

RUN echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse" > etc/apt/sources.list && 
   
.....

    apt-get update && apt-get -y install nginx
#    echo "ndaemon off;" >> /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

EXPOSE 80 443

CMD ["-g","daemon off;"]
ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/sbin/nginx"]
[root@SYL4 nginx]#

[root@SYL4 nginx]# docker build -t nginx:2060.5 .       
运行容器        
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker run -d --name web2 nginx:2060.5
5fcbe6f624a5032d4b8dd9cfadac893a66207739c67b8da1a900b8b9e5517d71
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker exec -it web2 /bin/bash
root@5fcbe6f624a5:/# echo $a
10
root@5fcbe6f624a5:/# bash
root@5fcbe6f624a5:/# bash
root@5fcbe6f624a5:/# echo $a
10
root@5fcbe6f624a5:/# exit
exit
root@5fcbe6f624a5:/# exit
exit
root@5fcbe6f624a5:/# exit
exit
[root@SYL4 ~]#         

[root@SYL4 ~]# mkdir httpd
[root@SYL4 ~]# cd httpd
[root@SYL4 httpd]# touch Dockerfile
[root@SYL4 httpd]# 
[root@SYL4 httpd]# ls
Dockerfile  apr-1.7.0.tar.gz  apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz  httpd-2.4.53.tar.gz
[root@SYL4 httpd]# mkdir httpdfile
[root@SYL4 httpd]# mv *.gz httpdfile

[root@SYL4 httpd]# vim Dockerfile 
[root@SYL4 httpd]# cat Dockerfile 
FROM centos

LABEL MAINTAINER "xiaoyinguhong 3066347695@qq.com"

ENV apache_apr 1.7.0 
ENV apache_apr_util 1.6.1
ENV apache_httpd 2.4.53

ADD httpdfile/* /usr/src/

RUN rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/* && 
    curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo && 
    sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo && 
    yum -y install make gcc gcc-c++ openssl-devel pcre-devel expat-devel libtool && 
    useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nolofgin apache && 
    cd /usr/src/apr-${apache_apr} && 
    sed -i '/$RM "$cfgfile"/d' configure && 
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr && 
    make && make install && 
    cd ../apr-util -${apache_apr_util} && 
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr && make && make install && 
    cd ../httpd-${apache_httpd} && 
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache 
    --enable-so 
    --enable-ssl 
    --enable-cgi 
    --enable-rewrite 
    --with-zlib 
    --with-pcre 
    --with-apr=/usr/local/apr 
    --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ 
    --enable-modules=most 
    --enable-mpms-shared=all 
    --with-mpm=prefork && 
    make && make install && 
    sed -i '/#ServerName/#//g' /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf   

WORKDIR /usr/local/httpd

EXPOSE 80
 
CMD ["-D","FOREGROUND"]
ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DFOREGROUND"]
[root@SYL4 httpd]#

[root@SYL4 httpd]# docker build -t xiaoyinguhong/httpd:2060.1 .

[root@SYL4 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY            TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
                    777c1ec97924   2 minutes ago   282MB
nginx                 2060.5    caf742479513   3 hours ago     192MB
xiaoyinguhong/httpd   2008.2    1fb3fb6f13ac   8 days ago      383MB
busybox               latest    beae173ccac6   4 months ago    1.24MB
httpd                 latest    dabbfbe0c57b   4 months ago    144MB
ubuntu                latest    ba6acccedd29   6 months ago    72.8MB
centos                latest    5d0da3dc9764   7 months ago    231MB
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker tag 777c1ec97924 xiaoyinguhong/httpd:2012.1
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY            TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
xiaoyinguhong/httpd   2012.1    777c1ec97924   13 minutes ago   282MB
xiaoyinguhong/httpd   2060.1    777c1ec97924   13 minutes ago   282MB
nginx                 2060.5    caf742479513   4 hours ago      192MB
xiaoyinguhong/httpd   2008.2    1fb3fb6f13ac   8 days ago       383MB
busybox               latest    beae173ccac6   4 months ago     1.24MB
httpd                 latest    dabbfbe0c57b   4 months ago     144MB
ubuntu                latest    ba6acccedd29   6 months ago     72.8MB
centos                latest    5d0da3dc9764   7 months ago     231MB
[root@SYL4 ~]# 

[root@SYL4 ~]# docker run -it --rm --name web -p 80:80 xiaoyinguhong/httpd:2060.1
[root@f299c605d868 src]# 
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                        COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                               NAMES
f299c605d868   xiaoyinguhong/httpd:2060.1   "/bin/bash"   19 seconds ago   Up 17 seconds   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp   web
[root@SYL4 ~]# 

[root@SYL4 ~]# docker push xiaoyinguhong/httpd:2012.1
The push refers to repository [docker.io/xiaoyinguhong/httpd]
463b7392cb1d: Layer already exists 
74ddd0ec08fa: Layer already exists 
2012.1: digest: sha256:dfbd7e5ee7abb8a16731d8ba99797ef13c431bbc0ec254f94ee6ed4eb8f83843 size: 741
[root@SYL4 ~]#