环境
虚拟机：VMware-10.0.7 build-2844087
Linux系统：CentOS 6.8
远程工具：Xshell 6
CentOS6.8 使用 fdisk 命令 手动硬盘分区 手动挂载
一、前言
初装Linux，使用安装引导界面进行分区， 当再增加一块硬盘时，需要手动分区，使用命令 fdisk 进行手动分区。
二、fdisk命令手动分区步骤
第一步、 新增一块磁盘
- 虚拟机：关机，直接手动添加一块硬盘，电脑开机，检查网络状态；
- 物理机：关机，加入一块物理硬盘，电脑开机。
第二步、查看所有硬盘及分区 fdisk -l
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000db990
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 131 1048576 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 131 392 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda3 392 2611 17824768 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
说明：第一块硬盘 /dev/sda 已经正常分区，第二块硬盘 /dev/sdb 还没有分区，接下来针对第二块硬盘进行分区。
第三步、开始分区
- 使用 fdisk /dev/sdb 进行分区
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x692e7205.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help):
#命令提示输入 m 获取帮助
- 输入 m 获取命令帮助
- 命令说明：
- 常用命令
- n：新建一个分区
- d：删除一个分区
- p：显示分区列表
- l ：显示已知的文件系统，比如 83 代表 Linux 分区，82 代表 Linux swap/So 分区；
- t ：改变一个分区的系统ID
- w：保存退出
- q：不保存退出
- m：帮助菜单
- 不常用命令
- a：设置可引导标记
- b：编辑bsb磁盘标签
- c：设置DOS系统兼容标记
- o：建立DOS空白分区表
- s：新建SUM磁盘标签
- u：改变显示记录单位
- v：验证分区表
- x：附加功能（仅专家）
- 查看分区情况 p
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x692e7205
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
说明：目前还没有分区，所以列表中无数据
- 新建第一主分区 p
#新建主分区
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended #扩展分区
p primary partition (1-4) #主分区（1-4）
#创建主分区
p
#创建并指定第一主分区
Partition number (1-4): 1
#起始柱面从 1 开始
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): 1
#结束柱面，不加单位代表柱面，加K,M,G表示SIZE
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): +2G
#查看分区情况
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x692e7205
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 262 2104483+ 83 Linux
#已创建第一主分区
- 新建扩展分区 e
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended #扩展分区
p primary partition (1-4) #主分区（1-4）
#选择扩展分区
e
#第2主分区设置为扩展分区
Partition number (1-4): 2
#起始柱面263
First cylinder (263-2610, default 263): 263
#结束柱面，不选择用默认 2610
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (263-2610, default 2610):
Using default value 2610
#查看当前分区情况
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x692e7205
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 262 2104483+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 263 2610 18860310 5 Extended
- 新建第一个逻辑分区 l
Command (m for help): n
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
#选择逻辑分区 l
l
#起始柱面263
First cylinder (263-2610, default 263): 263
#结束柱面 525 （ 263 + 262 ）
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (263-2610, default 2610): +262
#查看逻辑分区
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x692e7205
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 262 2104483+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 263 2610 18860310 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 263 525 2112516 83 Linux
Command (m for help):
- 保存退出
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
第四步、格式化 mkfs
-
格式：mkfs -t ext4 文件系统名
- 格式化 /dev/sdb1
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
131648 inodes, 526120 blocks
26306 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=541065216
17 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
7744 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (16384 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 31 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override
- 格式化 /dev/sdb5
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb5
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
132192 inodes, 528129 blocks
26406 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=541065216
17 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
7776 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (16384 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 24 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
第五步、建立挂载点
- 根目录下 / 建立挂载空目录 /disk1 和 /disk5
[root@localhost /]# mkdir /disk1
[root@localhost /]# mkdir /disk5
第六步、挂载
[root@localhost /]# mount /dev/sdb1 /disk1
[root@localhost /]# mount /dev/sdb5 /disk5
第七步、查看挂载情况
[root@localhost /]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 17G 2.2G 14G 14% /
tmpfs 495M 0 495M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 976M 33M 892M 4% /boot
/dev/sdb1 2.0G 3.1M 1.9G 1% /disk1
/dev/sdb5 2.0G 3.1M 1.9G 1% /disk5
说明：此时我们看到前面创建的两个分区都挂载完成。
- 补充知识：查看挂载点
- df -h ：查看系统当前磁盘状态及分区
- mount ：查看所有已经挂载的分区和光盘
- fdisk -l ： 查看系统分区
三、小结
- 知识点总结
- fdisk命令手动分区
- 查看挂载点方法
初装Linux，使用安装引导界面进行分区， 当再增加一块硬盘时，需要手动分区，使用命令 fdisk 进行手动分区。
二、fdisk命令手动分区步骤
第一步、 新增一块磁盘
- 虚拟机：关机，直接手动添加一块硬盘，电脑开机，检查网络状态；
- 物理机：关机，加入一块物理硬盘，电脑开机。
第二步、查看所有硬盘及分区 fdisk -l
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000db990
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 131 1048576 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 131 392 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda3 392 2611 17824768 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
说明：第一块硬盘 /dev/sda 已经正常分区，第二块硬盘 /dev/sdb 还没有分区，接下来针对第二块硬盘进行分区。
第三步、开始分区
- 使用 fdisk /dev/sdb 进行分区
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x692e7205.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help):
#命令提示输入 m 获取帮助
- 输入 m 获取命令帮助
- 命令说明：
- 常用命令
- n：新建一个分区
- d：删除一个分区
- p：显示分区列表
- l ：显示已知的文件系统，比如 83 代表 Linux 分区，82 代表 Linux swap/So 分区；
- t ：改变一个分区的系统ID
- w：保存退出
- q：不保存退出
- m：帮助菜单
- 不常用命令
- a：设置可引导标记
- b：编辑bsb磁盘标签
- c：设置DOS系统兼容标记
- o：建立DOS空白分区表
- s：新建SUM磁盘标签
- u：改变显示记录单位
- v：验证分区表
- x：附加功能（仅专家）
- 查看分区情况 p
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x692e7205
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
说明：目前还没有分区，所以列表中无数据
- 新建第一主分区 p
#新建主分区
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended #扩展分区
p primary partition (1-4) #主分区（1-4）
#创建主分区
p
#创建并指定第一主分区
Partition number (1-4): 1
#起始柱面从 1 开始
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): 1
#结束柱面，不加单位代表柱面，加K,M,G表示SIZE
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): +2G
#查看分区情况
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x692e7205
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 262 2104483+ 83 Linux
#已创建第一主分区
- 新建扩展分区 e
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended #扩展分区
p primary partition (1-4) #主分区（1-4）
#选择扩展分区
e
#第2主分区设置为扩展分区
Partition number (1-4): 2
#起始柱面263
First cylinder (263-2610, default 263): 263
#结束柱面，不选择用默认 2610
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (263-2610, default 2610):
Using default value 2610
#查看当前分区情况
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x692e7205
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 262 2104483+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 263 2610 18860310 5 Extended
- 新建第一个逻辑分区 l
Command (m for help): n
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
#选择逻辑分区 l
l
#起始柱面263
First cylinder (263-2610, default 263): 263
#结束柱面 525 （ 263 + 262 ）
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (263-2610, default 2610): +262
#查看逻辑分区
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x692e7205
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 262 2104483+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 263 2610 18860310 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 263 525 2112516 83 Linux
Command (m for help):
- 保存退出
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
第四步、格式化 mkfs
-
格式：mkfs -t ext4 文件系统名
- 格式化 /dev/sdb1
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
131648 inodes, 526120 blocks
26306 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=541065216
17 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
7744 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (16384 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 31 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override
- 格式化 /dev/sdb5
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb5
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
132192 inodes, 528129 blocks
26406 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=541065216
17 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
7776 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (16384 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 24 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
第五步、建立挂载点
- 根目录下 / 建立挂载空目录 /disk1 和 /disk5
[root@localhost /]# mkdir /disk1
[root@localhost /]# mkdir /disk5
第六步、挂载
[root@localhost /]# mount /dev/sdb1 /disk1
[root@localhost /]# mount /dev/sdb5 /disk5
第七步、查看挂载情况
[root@localhost /]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 17G 2.2G 14G 14% /
tmpfs 495M 0 495M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 976M 33M 892M 4% /boot
/dev/sdb1 2.0G 3.1M 1.9G 1% /disk1
/dev/sdb5 2.0G 3.1M 1.9G 1% /disk5
说明：此时我们看到前面创建的两个分区都挂载完成。
- 补充知识：查看挂载点
- df -h ：查看系统当前磁盘状态及分区
- mount ：查看所有已经挂载的分区和光盘
- fdisk -l ： 查看系统分区
三、小结
- 知识点总结
- fdisk命令手动分区
- 查看挂载点方法
- 虚拟机：关机，直接手动添加一块硬盘，电脑开机，检查网络状态；
- 物理机：关机，加入一块物理硬盘，电脑开机。
第二步、查看所有硬盘及分区 fdisk -l
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000db990
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 131 1048576 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 131 392 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda3 392 2611 17824768 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
说明：第一块硬盘 /dev/sda 已经正常分区，第二块硬盘 /dev/sdb 还没有分区，接下来针对第二块硬盘进行分区。
第三步、开始分区
- 使用 fdisk /dev/sdb 进行分区
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x692e7205.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help):
#命令提示输入 m 获取帮助
- 输入 m 获取命令帮助
- 命令说明：
- 常用命令
- n：新建一个分区
- d：删除一个分区
- p：显示分区列表
- l ：显示已知的文件系统，比如 83 代表 Linux 分区，82 代表 Linux swap/So 分区；
- t ：改变一个分区的系统ID
- w：保存退出
- q：不保存退出
- m：帮助菜单
- 不常用命令
- a：设置可引导标记
- b：编辑bsb磁盘标签
- c：设置DOS系统兼容标记
- o：建立DOS空白分区表
- s：新建SUM磁盘标签
- u：改变显示记录单位
- v：验证分区表
- x：附加功能（仅专家）
- 查看分区情况 p
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x692e7205
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
说明：目前还没有分区，所以列表中无数据
- 新建第一主分区 p
#新建主分区
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended #扩展分区
p primary partition (1-4) #主分区（1-4）
#创建主分区
p
#创建并指定第一主分区
Partition number (1-4): 1
#起始柱面从 1 开始
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): 1
#结束柱面，不加单位代表柱面，加K,M,G表示SIZE
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): +2G
#查看分区情况
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x692e7205
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 262 2104483+ 83 Linux
#已创建第一主分区
- 新建扩展分区 e
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended #扩展分区
p primary partition (1-4) #主分区（1-4）
#选择扩展分区
e
#第2主分区设置为扩展分区
Partition number (1-4): 2
#起始柱面263
First cylinder (263-2610, default 263): 263
#结束柱面，不选择用默认 2610
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (263-2610, default 2610):
Using default value 2610
#查看当前分区情况
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x692e7205
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 262 2104483+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 263 2610 18860310 5 Extended
- 新建第一个逻辑分区 l
Command (m for help): n
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
#选择逻辑分区 l
l
#起始柱面263
First cylinder (263-2610, default 263): 263
#结束柱面 525 （ 263 + 262 ）
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (263-2610, default 2610): +262
#查看逻辑分区
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x692e7205
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 262 2104483+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 263 2610 18860310 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 263 525 2112516 83 Linux
Command (m for help):
- 保存退出
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
第四步、格式化 mkfs
-
格式：mkfs -t ext4 文件系统名
- 格式化 /dev/sdb1
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
131648 inodes, 526120 blocks
26306 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=541065216
17 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
7744 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (16384 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 31 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override
- 格式化 /dev/sdb5
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb5
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
132192 inodes, 528129 blocks
26406 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=541065216
17 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
7776 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (16384 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 24 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
第五步、建立挂载点
- 根目录下 / 建立挂载空目录 /disk1 和 /disk5
[root@localhost /]# mkdir /disk1
[root@localhost /]# mkdir /disk5
第六步、挂载
[root@localhost /]# mount /dev/sdb1 /disk1
[root@localhost /]# mount /dev/sdb5 /disk5
第七步、查看挂载情况
[root@localhost /]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 17G 2.2G 14G 14% /
tmpfs 495M 0 495M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 976M 33M 892M 4% /boot
/dev/sdb1 2.0G 3.1M 1.9G 1% /disk1
/dev/sdb5 2.0G 3.1M 1.9G 1% /disk5
说明：此时我们看到前面创建的两个分区都挂载完成。
- 补充知识：查看挂载点
- df -h ：查看系统当前磁盘状态及分区
- mount ：查看所有已经挂载的分区和光盘
- fdisk -l ： 查看系统分区
三、小结
- 知识点总结
- fdisk命令手动分区
- 查看挂载点方法
说明：第一块硬盘 /dev/sda 已经正常分区，第二块硬盘 /dev/sdb 还没有分区，接下来针对第二块硬盘进行分区。
- 使用 fdisk /dev/sdb 进行分区
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x692e7205.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help):
#命令提示输入 m 获取帮助
- 输入 m 获取命令帮助
- 命令说明：
- 常用命令
- n：新建一个分区
- d：删除一个分区
- p：显示分区列表
- l ：显示已知的文件系统，比如 83 代表 Linux 分区，82 代表 Linux swap/So 分区；
- t ：改变一个分区的系统ID
- w：保存退出
- q：不保存退出
- m：帮助菜单
- 不常用命令
- a：设置可引导标记
- b：编辑bsb磁盘标签
- c：设置DOS系统兼容标记
- o：建立DOS空白分区表
- s：新建SUM磁盘标签
- u：改变显示记录单位
- v：验证分区表
- x：附加功能（仅专家）
- 查看分区情况 p
Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x692e7205 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
说明：目前还没有分区，所以列表中无数据
- 新建第一主分区 p
#新建主分区
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended #扩展分区
p primary partition (1-4) #主分区（1-4）
#创建主分区
p
#创建并指定第一主分区
Partition number (1-4): 1
#起始柱面从 1 开始
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): 1
#结束柱面，不加单位代表柱面，加K,M,G表示SIZE
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): +2G
#查看分区情况
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x692e7205
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 262 2104483+ 83 Linux
#已创建第一主分区
- 新建扩展分区 e
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended #扩展分区
p primary partition (1-4) #主分区（1-4）
#选择扩展分区
e
#第2主分区设置为扩展分区
Partition number (1-4): 2
#起始柱面263
First cylinder (263-2610, default 263): 263
#结束柱面，不选择用默认 2610
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (263-2610, default 2610):
Using default value 2610
#查看当前分区情况
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x692e7205
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 262 2104483+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 263 2610 18860310 5 Extended
- 新建第一个逻辑分区 l
Command (m for help): n
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
#选择逻辑分区 l
l
#起始柱面263
First cylinder (263-2610, default 263): 263
#结束柱面 525 （ 263 + 262 ）
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (263-2610, default 2610): +262
#查看逻辑分区
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x692e7205
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 262 2104483+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 263 2610 18860310 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 263 525 2112516 83 Linux
Command (m for help):
- 保存退出
Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.第四步、格式化 mkfs
格式：mkfs -t ext4 文件系统名
- 格式化 /dev/sdb1
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1 mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) 文件系统标签= 操作系统:Linux 块大小=4096 (log=2) 分块大小=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 131648 inodes, 526120 blocks 26306 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user 第一个数据块=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=541065216 17 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 7744 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912 正在写入inode表: 完成 Creating journal (16384 blocks): 完成 Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成 This filesystem will be automatically checked every 31 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override
- 格式化 /dev/sdb5
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb5 mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) 文件系统标签= 操作系统:Linux 块大小=4096 (log=2) 分块大小=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 132192 inodes, 528129 blocks 26406 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user 第一个数据块=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=541065216 17 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 7776 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912 正在写入inode表: 完成 Creating journal (16384 blocks): 完成 Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成 This filesystem will be automatically checked every 24 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.第五步、建立挂载点
- 根目录下 / 建立挂载空目录 /disk1 和 /disk5
[root@localhost /]# mkdir /disk1 [root@localhost /]# mkdir /disk5第六步、挂载
[root@localhost /]# mount /dev/sdb1 /disk1 [root@localhost /]# mount /dev/sdb5 /disk5第七步、查看挂载情况
[root@localhost /]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 17G 2.2G 14G 14% / tmpfs 495M 0 495M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 976M 33M 892M 4% /boot /dev/sdb1 2.0G 3.1M 1.9G 1% /disk1 /dev/sdb5 2.0G 3.1M 1.9G 1% /disk5
说明：此时我们看到前面创建的两个分区都挂载完成。
三、小结
- 补充知识：查看挂载点
- df -h ：查看系统当前磁盘状态及分区
- mount ：查看所有已经挂载的分区和光盘
- fdisk -l ： 查看系统分区
- 知识点总结
- fdisk命令手动分区
- 查看挂载点方法
如文章内有错误，欢迎批评指正
