1. 网络编程概述
- java是Internet上的语言,它从语言级上提供了对网络应用程序的支持,程序员能够很容易开发常见的网络应用程序关于
- 计算机网络
- 目的:直接或间接地通过网络协议与其它计算机实现数据交互进行通讯
- 两个主要问题:
1. 如何准确定位网络上的一台或多台主机:定位主机上的特定的应用
3. 找到主机后如何可靠高效地进行数据传输
2. 网络通信要素
2.1 IP和端口号
2.1.1 网络要素:IP
- IP地址:InertAddress
- 标识Internet上的唯一一台计算机(通信实体)
- 在Java中使用InetAddress类代表IP地址
- IP地址的分类方式1:IPV4和IPV6
- IP地址的分类方式2:公网地址(万维网使用)和私有地址(局域网使用)
- 域名:针对实际中用来标识网络的地址
- 本地IP地址:127.0.0.1 代表本机地址,对应着:localhost
- 如何实例化InetAddress:两个方法:getByName(String host) 、 getLocalHost()
- getHostName():获取域名
- getHostAddress():获取地址
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//File file = new File("hello.txt");
//
InetAddress inet1 = InetAddress.getByName("192.168.10.14");
System.out.println(inet1);
InetAddress inet2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.atguigu.com");
System.out.println(inet2);
InetAddress inet3 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inet3);
//获取本地ip
InetAddress inet4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inet4);
//getHostName()
System.out.println(inet2.getHostName());
//getHostAddress()
System.out.println(inet2.getHostAddress());
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
2.1.2 网络要素 端口号
- 端口号标识正在计算机上运行的进行,不同的进程要有不同的端口号
- 被规定为一个16位的整数:0-65535
- 端口的分类
- 公认端口:0~1023:被预先定义的服务通信占用(如:HTTP占用端口80,FTP占用端口21,Thlnet占用端口23)
- 注册端口:1024~49151。分配给用户进程或应用程序(Tomcat占用端口8080,MySQL占用端口3306)
- 动态/私有端口:49152~65535
- 端口号与IP地址的组合得出一个网络套接字:Socket
2.3 网络通信协议
- TCP协议:
- 使用TCP协议,须先建立TCP连接,形成传输数据通道
- 传输前,采用三次握手方式,点对点通信,是可靠的
- 在TCP协议进行通信的两个应用程序:客户端和服务端
- 在连接中可进行大数据量的传输
- 传输完毕,须释放已建立的连接,效率低
- UDP协议
- 将数据、源、目的封装到数据包,不需要建立连接
- 每个数据报的大小限制在64K内
- 发送不管对方是否准备好,接收方收到也不确定,故是不可靠的
- 发送数据结束,无需释放资源,开销小,数据快
3. 相关例题
package com.atguigu.java1;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TCPTest1 {
//客户端
@Test
public void client() {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
//1.创建Socket对象,指明服务器端的ip和端口号
InetAddress inet = InetAddress.getByName("192.168.14.150");
socket = new Socket(inet,8894);
//2.获取一个输出流,用于输出数据
os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.写出数据的操作
os.write("你好,我是客户端mm".getBytes());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//4.资源的关闭
if(os != null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(socket != null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
//服务端
@Test
public void server() {
ServerSocket ss = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
//1.创建服务器端的ServerSocket,指明自己的端口号
ss = new ServerSocket(8894);
//2.调用accept()表示接收来自于客户端的socket
socket = ss.accept();
//3.获取输入流
is = socket.getInputStream();
//不建议这样写,可能会有乱码
// byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
// int len;
// while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
// String str = new String(buffer,0,len);
// System.out.print(str);
// }
//4.读取输入流中的数据
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[5];
int len;
while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
baos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
System.out.println("收到了来自于:" + socket.getInetAddress().getHostAddress() + "的数据");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if(baos != null){
//5.关闭资源
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(is != null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(socket != null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(ss != null){
try {
ss.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
@Test
public void client() throws IOException {
//1.
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9090);
//2.
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("beauty.jpg"));
//4.
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//5.
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
@Test
public void server() throws IOException {
//1.
ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(9090);
//2.
Socket socket = ss.accept();
//3.
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4.
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("beauty1.jpg"));
//5.
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//6.
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
ss.close();
}
}
package com.atguigu.java1;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TCPTest3 {
@Test
public void client() throws IOException {
//1.
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9090);
//2.
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("beauty.jpg"));
//4.
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//关闭数据的输出
socket.shutdownOutput();
//5.接收来自于服务器端的数据,并显示到控制台上
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] bufferr = new byte[20];
int len1;
while((len1 = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
baos.write(buffer,0,len1);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//6.
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
baos.close();
}
@Test
public void server() throws IOException {
//1.
ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(9090);
//2.
Socket socket = ss.accept();
//3.
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4.
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("beauty2.jpg"));
//5.
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println("图片传输完成");
//6.服务器端给予客户端反馈
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好,美女,照片我已收到,非常漂亮!".getBytes());
//7.
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
ss.close();
os.close();
}
}
package com.atguigu.java1;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
public class UDPTest {
//发送端
@Test
public void sender() throws IOException {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
String str = "我是UDP方式发送的导弹";
byte[] data = str.getBytes();
InetAddress inet = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(data,0,data.length,inet,9090);
socket.send(packet);
socket.close();
}
//接收端
@Test
public void receiver() throws IOException {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
byte[] buffer = new byte[100];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer,0,buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet);
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
socket.close();
}
}