上一篇：并发编程之synchronized详解
- AQS应用---Lock
- 并发之父
- ReentrantLock
- AQS具备特性
- 同步等待队列
- 条件等待队列
- AQS源码分析
生平不识Doug Lea，学懂并发也枉然
Java并发编程核心在于java.concurrent.util包而juc当中的大多数同步器实现都是围绕着共同的基础行为，比如等待队列、条件队列、独占获取、共享获取等，而这个行为的抽象就是基于AbstractQueuedSynchronizer简称AQS，AQS定义了一套多线程访问共享资源 的同步器框架，是一个依赖状态(state)的同步器。
ReentrantLock是一种基于AQS框架的应用实现，是JDK中的一种线程并发访问的同步手段，它的功能类似于synchronized是一种互斥锁，可以保证线程安全。而且它具有比synchronized更多的特性，比如它支持手动加锁与解锁，支持加锁的公平性。
//使用ReentrantLock进行同步 //false为非公平锁， true为公平锁 ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock(false); lock.lock() //加锁 lock.unlock() //解锁
在ReentrantLock内部定义了一个Sync的内部类 ，改类继承了AbstractQueuedSynchronized，对该抽象类的部分方法做了实现；
并且还定义了两个子类：
-
FairSync 公平锁的实现
-
NonfairSync 非公平锁的实现
-
List item
这两个类都继承自Sync，也就是间接继承了AbstractQueuedSynchronized，所以这一个ReentrantLock同时具备公平与非公平特性。
AQS具备特性- 组上我等待队列
- 共享/独占
- 公平/非公平
- 可重入
- 允许中断
AQS框架实现
- 一般通过定义内部类Sync继承AQS
- 将同步器所有调用都映射到Sync对应的方法
AQS内部维护属性volatile int state (32位)
- state表示资源的可用状态
State三种访问方式
- getState()、setState()、compareAndSetState()
AQS定义两种资源共享方式
- Exclusive-独占，只有一个线程能执行
- Share-共享，多个线程可以同时执行
AQS定义两种队列
- 同步等待队列
- 条件等待队列
AQS当中的同步等待队列也称CLH队列，CLH队列是Craig、Landin、Hagersten三人发明的一种基于双向链表数据结构的队列，是FIFO先入先出线程等待队列，Java中的CLH 队列是原CLH队列的一个变种,线程由原自旋机制改为阻塞机制。
ondition是一个多线程间协调通信的工具类，使得某个，或者某些线程一起等待某个条件（Condition）,只有当该条件具备时，这些等待线程才会被唤醒，从而重新争夺锁。
public abstract class AbstractQueuedSynchronizer
extends AbstractOwnableSynchronizer
implements java.io.Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 7373984972572414691L;
protected AbstractQueuedSynchronizer() { }
static final class Node {
static final Node SHARED = new Node();
static final Node EXCLUSIVE = null;
static final int CANCELLED = 1;
static final int SIGNAL = -1;
static final int CONDITION = -2;
static final int PROPAGATE = -3;
volatile int waitStatus;
volatile Node prev;
volatile Node next;
volatile Thread thread;
Node nextWaiter;
final boolean isShared() {
return nextWaiter == SHARED;
}
final Node predecessor() throws NullPointerException {
Node p = prev;
if (p == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
else
return p;
}
//空节点，用于标记共享模式
Node() { // Used to establish initial head or SHARED marker
}
//用于同步队列CLH
Node(Thread thread, Node mode) { // Used by addWaiter
this.nextWaiter = mode;
this.thread = thread;
}
//用于条件队列
Node(Thread thread, int waitStatus) { // Used by Condition
this.waitStatus = waitStatus;
this.thread = thread;
}
}
private transient volatile Node head;
private transient volatile Node tail;
private volatile int state;
protected final int getState() {
return state;
}
protected final void setState(int newState) {
state = newState;
}
protected final boolean compareAndSetState(int expect, int update) {
// See below for intrinsics setup to support this
return unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(this, stateOffset, expect, update);
}
// Queuing utilities
static final long spinForTimeoutThreshold = 1000L;
private Node enq(final Node node) {
for (;;) {
Node t = tail;
if (t == null) { // Must initialize
// 队列为空需要初始化，创建空的头节点
if (compareAndSetHead(new Node()))
tail = head;
} else {
node.prev = t;
// 把当前节点置为尾部
if (compareAndSetTail(t, node)) {
// 前驱节点的next指针指向当前节点
t.next = node;
return t;
}
}
}
}
private Node addWaiter(Node mode) {
// 1. 将当前线程构建成Node类型
Node node = new Node(Thread.currentThread(), mode);
// Try the fast path of enq; backup to full enq on failure
Node pred = tail;
// 2.1当前尾部节点是否为null
if (pred != null) {
// 2.2把当前节点以尾部的方式插入
node.prev = pred;
// 2.3 CAS把当前节点插入队列尾部
if (compareAndSetTail(pred, node)) {
pred.next = node;
return node;
}
}
enq(node);
return node;
}
private void setHead(Node node) {
head = node;
node.thread = null;
node.prev = null;
}
private void unparkSuccessor(Node node) {
//获取wait状态
int ws = node.waitStatus;
if (ws < 0)
// 将等待状态waitStatus设置为初始值0
compareAndSetWaitStatus(node, ws, 0);
Node s = node.next;
if (s == null || s.waitStatus > 0) {
s = null;
for (Node t = tail; t != null && t != node; t = t.prev)
if (t.waitStatus <= 0)
s = t;
}
if (s != null)
// 唤醒线程
LockSupport.unpark(s.thread);
}
private void doReleaseShared() {
for (;;) {
Node h = head;
if (h != null && h != tail) {
int ws = h.waitStatus;
if (ws == Node.SIGNAL) {
if (!compareAndSetWaitStatus(h, Node.SIGNAL, 0))
continue; // loop to recheck cases
unparkSuccessor(h);
}
else if (ws == 0 &&
!compareAndSetWaitStatus(h, 0, Node.PROPAGATE))
continue; // loop on failed CAS
}
if (h == head) // loop if head changed
break;
}
}
private void setHeadAndPropagate(Node node, int propagate) {
Node h = head; //h用来保存旧的head节点
setHead(node); //head引用指向node节点
if (propagate > 0 || h == null || h.waitStatus < 0 ||
(h = head) == null || h.waitStatus < 0) {
Node s = node.next;
//node是最后一个节点或者 node的后继节点是共享节点
if (s == null || s.isShared())
doReleaseShared();
}
}
// Utilities for various versions of acquire
private void cancelAcquire(Node node) {
// Ignore if node doesn't exist
if (node == null)
return;
node.thread = null;
// Skip cancelled predecessors
Node pred = node.prev;
while (pred.waitStatus > 0)
node.prev = pred = pred.prev;
// predNext is the apparent node to unsplice. CASes below will
// fail if not, in which case, we lost race vs another cancel
// or signal, so no further action is necessary.
Node predNext = pred.next;
// Can use unconditional write instead of CAS here.
// After this atomic step, other Nodes can skip past us.
// Before, we are free of interference from other threads.
node.waitStatus = Node.CANCELLED;
// If we are the tail, remove ourselves.
if (node == tail && compareAndSetTail(node, pred)) {
compareAndSetNext(pred, predNext, null);
} else {
// If successor needs signal, try to set pred's next-link
// so it will get one. Otherwise wake it up to propagate.
int ws;
if (pred != head &&
((ws = pred.waitStatus) == Node.SIGNAL ||
(ws <= 0 && compareAndSetWaitStatus(pred, ws, Node.SIGNAL))) &&
pred.thread != null) {
Node next = node.next;
if (next != null && next.waitStatus <= 0)
compareAndSetNext(pred, predNext, next);
} else {
unparkSuccessor(node);
}
node.next = node; // help GC
}
}
private static boolean shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(Node pred, Node node) {
int ws = pred.waitStatus;
if (ws == Node.SIGNAL)
return true;
if (ws > 0) {
do {
node.prev = pred = pred.prev;
} while (pred.waitStatus > 0);
pred.next = node;
} else {
compareAndSetWaitStatus(pred, ws, Node.SIGNAL);
}
return false;
}
static void selfInterrupt() {
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
}
private final boolean parkAndCheckInterrupt() {
LockSupport.park(this);
return Thread.interrupted();
}
final boolean acquireQueued(final Node node, int arg) {
boolean failed = true;
try {
boolean interrupted = false;
for (;;) {
// 找到当前节点的前驱节点
final Node p = node.predecessor();
//如果前驱结点是头结点，才tr Acquire，其他结点是没有机会tryAcquire。
if (p == head && tryAcquire(arg)) {
//获取同步状态成功，将当前结点设置为头结点。
setHead(node);
p.next = null; // help GC
failed = false;
return interrupted;
}
if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
parkAndCheckInterrupt())
interrupted = true;
}
} finally {
if (failed)
cancelAcquire(node);
}
}
private void doAcquireInterruptibly(int arg)
throws InterruptedException {
// 以独占模式放入队列尾部
final Node node = addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE);
boolean failed = true;
try {
for (;;) {
final Node p = node.predecessor();
if (p == head && tryAcquire(arg)) {
setHead(node);
p.next = null; // help GC
failed = false;
return;
}
if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
parkAndCheckInterrupt())
throw new InterruptedException();
}
} finally {
if (failed)
cancelAcquire(node);
}
}
private boolean doAcquireNanos(int arg, long nanosTimeout)
throws InterruptedException {
if (nanosTimeout <= 0L)
return false;
final long deadline = System.nanoTime() + nanosTimeout;
// 加入队列
final Node node = addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE);
boolean failed = true;
try {
for (;;) {
final Node p = node.predecessor();
if (p == head && tryAcquire(arg)) {
setHead(node);
p.next = null; // help GC
failed = false;
return true;
}
nanosTimeout = deadline - System.nanoTime();
if (nanosTimeout <= 0L)
return false; //超时直接返回获取失败
if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
nanosTimeout > spinForTimeoutThreshold)
//阻塞指定时长，超时则线程自动被唤醒
LockSupport.parkNanos(this, nanosTimeout);
if (Thread.interrupted()) //当前线程中断状态
throw new InterruptedException();
}
} finally {
if (failed)
cancelAcquire(node);
}
}
private void doAcquireShared(int arg) {
final Node node = addWaiter(Node.SHARED);
boolean failed = true;
try {
boolean interrupted = false;
for (;;) {
final Node p = node.predecessor();
if (p == head) {
int r = tryAcquireShared(arg);
if (r >= 0) {
setHeadAndPropagate(node, r);
p.next = null; // help GC
if (interrupted)
selfInterrupt();
failed = false;
return;
}
}
if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
parkAndCheckInterrupt())
interrupted = true;
}
} finally {
if (failed)
cancelAcquire(node);
}
}
// Main exported methods
protected boolean tryAcquire(int arg) {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
protected boolean tryRelease(int arg) {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
protected int tryAcquireShared(int arg) {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
protected boolean tryReleaseShared(int arg) {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
protected boolean isHeldExclusively() {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
public final void acquire(int arg) {
if (!tryAcquire(arg) &&
acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg)) //独占模式
selfInterrupt();
}
public final boolean tryAcquireNanos(int arg, long nanosTimeout)
throws InterruptedException {
if (Thread.interrupted())
throw new InterruptedException();
return tryAcquire(arg) ||
doAcquireNanos(arg, nanosTimeout);
}
public final boolean release(int arg) {
if (tryRelease(arg)) { //释放一次锁
Node h = head;
if (h != null && h.waitStatus != 0)
//唤醒后继结点
unparkSuccessor(h);
return true;
}
return false;
}
public final void acquireShared(int arg) {
if (tryAcquireShared(arg) < 0)
doAcquireShared(arg);
}
public final boolean isQueued(Thread thread) {
if (thread == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
for (Node p = tail; p != null; p = p.prev)
if (p.thread == thread)
return true;
return false;
}
final boolean apparentlyFirstQueuedIsExclusive() {
Node h, s;
return (h = head) != null &&
(s = h.next) != null &&
!s.isShared() &&
s.thread != null;
}
public final boolean hasQueuedPredecessors() {
Node t = tail; // Read fields in reverse initialization order
Node h = head;
Node s;
return h != t &&
((s = h.next) == null || s.thread != Thread.currentThread());
}
// Instrumentation and monitoring methods
public final int getQueueLength() {
int n = 0;
for (Node p = tail; p != null; p = p.prev) {
if (p.thread != null)
++n;
}
return n;
}
public final Collection getQueuedThreads() {
ArrayList list = new ArrayList();
for (Node p = tail; p != null; p = p.prev) {
Thread t = p.thread;
if (t != null)
list.add(t);
}
return list;
}
public final Collection getExclusiveQueuedThreads() {
ArrayList list = new ArrayList();
for (Node p = tail; p != null; p = p.prev) {
if (!p.isShared()) {
Thread t = p.thread;
if (t != null)
list.add(t);
}
}
return list;
}
public final Collection getSharedQueuedThreads() {
ArrayList list = new ArrayList();
for (Node p = tail; p != null; p = p.prev) {
if (p.isShared()) {
Thread t = p.thread;
if (t != null)
list.add(t);
}
}
return list;
}
// Internal support methods for Conditions
final boolean isOnSyncQueue(Node node) {
if (node.waitStatus == Node.CONDITION || node.prev == null)
return false;
if (node.next != null) // If has successor, it must be on queue
return true;
return findNodeFromTail(node);
}
final boolean transferForSignal(Node node) {
if (!compareAndSetWaitStatus(node, Node.CONDITION, 0))
return false;
// 加入同步队列尾部当中，返回前驱节点
Node p = enq(node);
int ws = p.waitStatus;
//前驱节点不可用 或者 修改信号量状态失败
if (ws > 0 || !compareAndSetWaitStatus(p, ws, Node.SIGNAL))
LockSupport.unpark(node.thread); //唤醒当前节点
return true;
}
}
