NGINX Open Source and NGINX Plus by default use HTTP/1.0 for upstream connections. To be proxied correctly, WebSocket connections require HTTP/1.1 along with some other configuration directives that set HTTP headers:
In the ‘http’ blockmap $http_upgrade $connection_upgrade {
default upgrade;
‘’ close;
}
location /wstunnel/ {
proxy_pass http://nodejs;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
proxy_set_header Connection $connection_upgrade;
}
Directive documentation: location, map, proxy_http_version, proxy_pass, proxy_set_header
The first proxy_set_header directive is needed because the Upgrade request header is hop-by-hop; that is, the HTTP specification explicitly forbids proxies from forwarding it. This directive overrides the prohibition.
The second proxy_set_header directive sets the Connection header to a value that depends on the test in the map block: if the request has an Upgrade header, the Connection header is set to upgrade; otherwise, it is set to close.
For more information about proxying WebSocket traffic, see WebSocket proxying and NGINX as a WebSocket Proxy.
