docker version #显示docker的版本信息 docker info #显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量 docker 命令 --help #帮助命令
帮助文档的地址：https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandine/
镜像命令 docker images 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像[root@localhost centos]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE hello-world latest d1165f221234 2 months ago 13.3kB #解释 REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源 TAG 镜像的标签 IMAGE ID 镜像的id CREATED 镜像的创建时间 SIZE 镜像的大小 #可选项 #列出所有镜像 -a, --all #列出所有镜像 -q, --quiet #只显示镜像的iddocker search 搜索镜像
[root@localhost centos]# docker search mysql NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 10910 [OK] mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4119 [OK] mysql/mysql-server Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create… 810 [OK] #可选项，通过搜索来过滤 --filter=STARS=3000 #搜索出来的镜像就是STARS大于3000的docker pull 下载镜像
#下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag] [root@localhost centos]# docker pull mysql Using default tag: latest #如果不写 tag，默认就是latest latest: Pulling from library/mysql 69692152171a: Pull complete #分层下载：docker，image的核心 联合文件系统 1651b0be3df3: Pull complete 951da7386bc8: Pull complete 0f86c95aa242: Pull complete 37ba2d8bd4fe: Pull complete 6d278bb05e94: Pull complete 497efbd93a3e: Pull complete f7fddf10c2c2: Pull complete 16415d159dfb: Pull complete 0e530ffc6b73: Pull complete b0a4a1a77178: Pull complete cd90f92aa9ef: Pull complete Digest: sha256:d50098d7fcb25b1fcb24e2d3247cae3fc55815d64fec640dc395840f8fa80969 #签名信息 Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest docker.io/library/mysql:latest #真实地址 #指定版本下载 docker pull mysql:5.7docker r m i 删除镜像
docker rmi -f 镜像id #删除指定的镜像 docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id ... #删除多个镜像 docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) #删除全部的镜像容器命令 说明：我们有了镜像才可以创建容器
docker pull centos新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] image #参数说明 --name="Name" 容器名字 tomcat01 tomcat02，用来区分容器 -d 后台运行 -it 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容 -p 指定容器的端口 -p ip 主机端口:容器端口 -p 主机端口:容器端口 (常用) -p 容器端口 容器端口 -p 随机指定端口 #测试，启动并进入容器 [root@localhost centos]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash [root@589b6ca421fd /]# ls #查看容器内的centos，基础版本，很多命令都是不完善的 #从容器中退回主机 [root@589b6ca421fd /]# eit exit列出所有运行中的容器
#docker ps 命令 # 列出当前正在运行的容器 -a # 列出当前正在运行的容器+带出历史运行过的容器 -n=? #显示最近床的容器 -q # 只显示容器的编号 [root@localhost centos]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES [root@localhost centos]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 589b6ca421fd centos "/bin/bash" 4 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 minutes ago exciting_antonelli fe82a1ab4f53 hello-world "/hello" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 3 hours ago hungry_yonath推出容器
exit #直接容器停止并退出 Ctrl + P + Q #容器不停止退出删除容器
docker rm 容器id #删除指定的容器，不能删除正在运行的容器 docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) #删除所有的容器 docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm #删除所有的容器启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id #启动容器 docker restart 容器id #重启容器 docker stop 容器id #停止当前正在运行的容器 docker kill 容器id #强制停止当前容器常用其他命令 后台启动容器
#命令 docker run -d 镜像名 [root@localhost centos]# docker run -d centos #问题docker ps，发现centos停止了 #常见的坑，docker 容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进行，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止 #nginx，容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止查看日志
docker logs -f -t --tail 容器，没有日志 #显示日志 -tf #显示日志 -tail number #显示日志条数 docker logs -tf -tail 10 id查看容器中进程信息
top命令 #命令 docker top 容器id查看镜像的元数据
#命令
docker inspect 容器id
[root@localhost centos]# docker inspect 589b6ca421fd
[
{
"Id": "589b6ca421fd1dda7e06702d4a937c700c409a995b913303533eb675d804cbb4",
"Created": "2021-05-24T15:00:51.401276605Z",
"Path": "/bin/bash",
"Args": [],
"State": {
"Status": "exited",
"Running": false,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 0,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2021-05-24T15:00:54.575081956Z",
"FinishedAt": "2021-05-24T15:03:07.849442165Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/589b6ca421fd1dda7e06702d4a937c700c409a995b913303533eb675d804cbb4/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/589b6ca421fd1dda7e06702d4a937c700c409a995b913303533eb675d804cbb4/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/589b6ca421fd1dda7e06702d4a937c700c409a995b913303533eb675d804cbb4/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/589b6ca421fd1dda7e06702d4a937c700c409a995b913303533eb675d804cbb4/589b6ca421fd1dda7e06702d4a937c700c409a995b913303533eb675d804cbb4-json.log",
"Name": "/exciting_antonelli",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/09452d02b7c485f3a5b22ce9f8ef3d5213d2f71a5dd5dfc47733303a14c45d2b-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9d8556057bc4d6d9b85e1b62b813168851b988d45b6e0bea53f4c17eb40129a3/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/09452d02b7c485f3a5b22ce9f8ef3d5213d2f71a5dd5dfc47733303a14c45d2b/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/09452d02b7c485f3a5b22ce9f8ef3d5213d2f71a5dd5dfc47733303a14c45d2b/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/09452d02b7c485f3a5b22ce9f8ef3d5213d2f71a5dd5dfc47733303a14c45d2b/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "589b6ca421fd",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": true,
"AttachStdout": true,
"AttachStderr": true,
"Tty": true,
"OpenStdin": true,
"StdinOnce": true,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/bash"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "39fb81a0cd27df85bf3616110e3fb0528f1b606117f38463656923c26e02616b",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/39fb81a0cd27",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "",
"Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "",
"IPPrefixLen": 0,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "c5f332ca5a0447e28ed4ea2c733368c1b4833f99e750e6268b62feb7ec35832c",
"EndpointID": "",
"Gateway": "",
"IPAddress": "",
"IPPrefixLen": 0,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
进入当前正在运行的容器
#我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置 #命令 docker exec -it 容器id bashShell #方式二 docker attach 容器id docker exec #进入容器后开一个新的终端，可以在里面操作（常用） docker attach #进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程从容器拷贝文件到主机上
docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的地主机路径 #进入docker容器内部 [root@localhost centos]# docker run -it centos [root@0aeb949649da /]# cd /home [root@0aeb949649da home]# ls #在容器内新建一个文件 [root@0aeb949649da home]# touch test.java [root@0aeb949649da home]# exit exit [root@localhost centos]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 0aeb949649da centos "/bin/bash" 39 seconds ago Exited (0) 12 seconds ago dazzling_chaum fa8d83d4da81 centos "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Exited (0) 58 seconds ago sad_tu 6c66b32d0c59 centos "/bin/bash" 55 minutes ago Exited (0) 54 minutes ago condescending_leakey 589b6ca421fd centos "/bin/bash" 13 hours ago Exited (0) 13 hours ago exciting_antonelli fe82a1ab4f53 hello-world "/hello" 16 hours ago Exited (0) 16 hours ago hungry_yonath #将这文件拷贝出来到主机上 [root@localhost centos]# docker cp 0aeb949649da:/home/test.java /home [root@localhost centos]# ls dump.rdb temp-3255.rdb 公共 模板 视频 图片 文档 下载 音乐 桌面 [root@localhost centos]# cd home bash: cd: home: 没有那个文件或目录 [root@localhost centos]# cd /home [root@localhost home]# ls centos mysql mytest test.java #拷贝是一个手动过程，未来我们使用 -v卷的技术，可以实现，自动同步
Docker安装Nginx
#1、搜索镜像 search #2、下载镜像 pull #3、运行测试 [root@localhost home]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest f0b8a9a54136 12 days ago 133MB mysql latest c0cdc95609f1 12 days ago 556MB hello-world latest d1165f221234 2 months ago 13.3kB centos latest 300e315adb2f 5 months ago 209MB # -d后台运行 # -p 宿主机端口：容器内部端口 [root@localhost home]# firewall-cmd --zone=public -add-port=80/tcp --permanent usage: see firewall-cmd man page firewall-cmd: error: unrecognized arguments: -add-port=80/tcp [root@localhost home]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp --permanent success [root@localhost home]# firewall-cmd --reload success [root@localhost home]# docker run -d -p 80:80 nginx 3d937ac00c68322cbf177dff62da28627d738fe4602405243e6fd7669d4412f0 [root@localhost home]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 3d937ac00c68 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 12 seconds ago Up 4 seconds 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp kind_shannon [root@localhost home]# curl localhost:80 #进入nginx [root@localhost home]# docker exec -it nginx /bin/bash Error: No such container: nginx [root@localhost home]# docker exec -it kind_shannon /bin/bash root@3d937ac00c68:/# cd /etc/nginx root@3d937ac00c68:/etc/nginx# ls conf.d koi-utf mime.types nginx.conf uwsgi_params fastcgi_params koi-win modules scgi_params win-utf
思考问题：每次改动nginx配置文件，都需要进入容器内部，十分麻烦，我们要是可以在容器外部提供一个映射路径，达到在容器修改文件名，容器内部就可以自动修改，-v 数据卷
Docker装Tomcat
#官方的使用 docker run -it -rm tomcat:9.0 #我们之前的启动都是后台，停止了容器之后，容器还是可以查到 docker run -it --rm,一般用来测试，用完就删除 #下载在启动 docker pull tomcat #启动运行 docker run -d -p 3355:8080 --name tomcat01 tomcat #测试访问没有问题 #进入容器 [root@localhost home]# docker exec -it tomcat01 /bin/bash #发现问题：1、linux命令少了，2、没有webapps，阿里云镜像的原因，默认是最小的镜像，所有不必要的全都删除
思考问题：我们以后要部署项目，如果每次都要进入容器是不是十分麻烦，我要是可以在容器外部提供一个映射路径，webapps，我们在外部放置项目，就自动同步到内部就好了！
