- Linux内核实现名称空间的创建
- ip netns命令
- 创建Network Namespace
- 操作Network Namespace
- 转移设备
- 创建veth pair
- 实现Network Namespace间通信
- veth设备重命名
- 四种网络模式配置
- bridge模式配置
- none模式配置
- container模式配置
- host模式配置
- 容器的常用操作
- 查看容器的主机名
- 手动指定容器要使用的DNS
- 手动往/etc/hosts文件中注入主机名到IP地址的映射
- 开放容器端口
可以借助ip netns命令来完成对 Network Namespace 的各种操作。ip netns命令来自于iproute安装包,一般系统会默认安装,如果没有的话,请自行安装。
#查看是否安装ip netns命令 [root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep iproute iproute-5.3.0-1.el8.x86_64 iproute-tc-5.3.0-1.el8.x86_64
注意:ip netns命令修改网络配置时需要 sudo 权限。
可以通过ip netns命令完成对Network Namespace 的相关操作,可以通过ip netns help查看命令帮助信息:
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns help
Usage: ip netns list //列出所有
ip netns add NAME //添加
ip netns attach NAME PID
ip netns set NAME NETNSID
ip [-all] netns delete [NAME]
ip netns identify [PID]
ip netns pids NAME
ip [-all] netns exec [NAME] cmd ...
ip netns monitor
ip netns list-id
NETNSID := auto | POSITIVE-INT
默认情况下,Linux系统中是没有任何 Network Namespace的,所以ip netns list命令不会返回任何信息。
创建Network Namespace通过命令创建一个名为ns0的命名空间:
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns add ns0 [root@localhost ~]# ip netns list ns0
新创建的 Network Namespace 会出现在/var/run/netns/目录下。如果相同名字的 namespace 已经存在,命令会报Cannot create namespace file “/var/run/netns/ns0”: File exists的错误。
[root@localhost ~]# ls /var/run/netns/ ns0 [root@localhost ~]# ip netns add ns0 Cannot create namespace file "/var/run/netns/ns0": File exists
对于每个 Network Namespace 来说,它会有自己独立的网卡、路由表、ARP 表、iptables 等和网络相关的资源。
操作Network Namespaceip命令提供了ip netns exec子命令可以在对应的 Network Namespace 中执行命令。
查看新创建 Network Namespace 的网卡信息
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip addr 1: lo:mtu 65536 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
可以看到,新创建的Network Namespace中会默认创建一个lo回环网卡,此时网卡处于关闭状态。此时,尝试去 ping 该lo回环网卡,会提示Network is unreachable
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ping 127.0.0.1 connect: 网络不可达
通过下面的命令启用lo回环网卡:
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip link set lo up //开启lo回环网卡 [root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip addr //开启后 就有了状态有了up 网卡有了ip 1: lo:转移设备mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ping 127.0.0.1 //在ping就能ping通了 PING 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.026 ms 64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.048 ms ^C --- 127.0.0.1 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 61ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.026/0.037/0.048/0.011 ms
我们可以在不同的 Network Namespace 之间转移设备(如veth)。由于一个设备只能属于一个 Network Namespace ,所以转移后在这个 Network Namespace 内就看不到这个设备了。
其中,veth设备属于可转移设备,而很多其它设备(如lo、vxlan、ppp、bridge等)是不可以转移的。
veth pair
veth pair 全称是 Virtual Ethernet Pair,是一个成对的端口,所有从这对端口一 端进入的数据包都将从另一端出来,反之也是一样。
引入veth pair是为了在不同的 Network Namespace 直接进行通信,利用它可以直接将两个 Network Namespace 连接起来。
[root@localhost ~]# ip link add type veth [root@localhost ~]# ip a 10: veth0@veth1:mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether b6:c4:97:9b:0d:06 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 11: veth1@veth0: mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 46:a3:da:cb:c9:87 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
可以看到,此时系统中新增了一对veth pair,将veth0和veth1两个虚拟网卡连接了起来,此时这对 veth pair 处于”未启用“状态。
实现Network Namespace间通信下面我们利用veth pair实现两个不同的 Network Namespace 之间的通信。刚才我们已经创建了一个名为ns0的 Network Namespace,下面再创建一个信息Network Namespace,命名为ns1
#创建一个新的名称空间 名为ns1 [root@localhost ~]# ip netns add ns1 [root@localhost ~]# ip netns list ns1 ns0
然后我们将veth0加入到ns0,将veth1加入到ns1
因为容器间是无法互相通信的 将veth0和veth1 分别加入到ns0和ns1就可使其互相通信
[root@localhost ~]# ip link set veth0 netns ns0 [root@localhost ~]# ip link set veth1 netns ns1
然后我们分别为这对veth pair配置上ip地址,并启用它们
[root@localhost ~]# ip link set veth0 netns ns0 //将veth0加入到ns0 [root@localhost ~]# ip link set veth1 netns ns1 //将veth1加入到ns1 [root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip link set veth0 up //开启veth0 [root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip addr add 1.1.1.1/24 dev veth0 //为veth0添加1.1.1.1/24 [root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip link set lo up //开启ns1的环回网卡 [root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip link set veth1 up //开启veth1网卡 [root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip addr add 1.1.1.2/24 dev veth1 //为veth1添加1.1.1.2/24
查看这对veth pair的状态
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip a 1: lo:mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 10: veth0@if11: mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether b6:c4:97:9b:0d:06 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netns ns1 inet 1.1.1.1/24 scope global veth0 //veth0有了1.1.1.1/24 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::b4c4:97ff:fe9b:d06/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip a 1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 11: veth1@if10: mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 46:a3:da:cb:c9:87 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netns ns0 inet 1.1.1.2/24 scope global veth1 //veth1有了1.1.1.2/24 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::44a3:daff:fecb:c987/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
(测试)从上面可以看出,我们已经成功启用了这个veth pair,并为每个veth设备分配了对应的ip地址。我们尝试在ns1中访问ns0中的ip地址:
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ping 1.1.1.1 PING 1.1.1.1 (1.1.1.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 1.1.1.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.045 ms 64 bytes from 1.1.1.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.051 ms ^C --- 1.1.1.1 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 38ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.045/0.048/0.051/0.003 ms
可以看到,veth pair成功实现了两个不同Network Namespace之间的网络交互。
veth设备重命名#修改ns0的网卡名 [root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip link set veth0 down //重命名需要将网卡关闭 [root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip link set dev veth0 name eth0 [root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ifconfig -a eth0: flags=4098四种网络模式配置 bridge模式配置mtu 1500 inet 1.1.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0 ether b6:c4:97:9b:0d:06 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 17 bytes 1286 (1.2 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 17 bytes 1286 (1.2 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 lo: flags=73 mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10 loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback) RX packets 4 bytes 336 (336.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 4 bytes 336 (336.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 [root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip link set eth0 up #修改ns1的网卡名 [root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip link set veth1 down [root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip link set dev veth1 name eth1 [root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ifconfig -a eth1: flags=4098 mtu 1500 inet 1.1.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0 ether 46:a3:da:cb:c9:87 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 26 bytes 2012 (1.9 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 19 bytes 1466 (1.4 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 lo: flags=73 mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10 loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 [root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip link set eth1 up
#拉去一个busybos镜像用于测试 [root@localhost ~]# docker pull busybox Using default tag: latest latest: Pulling from library/busybox 5cc84ad355aa: Pull complete Digest: sha256:5acba83a746c7608ed544dc1533b87c737a0b0fb730301639a0179f9344b1678 Status: Downloaded newer image for busybox:latest docker.io/library/busybox:latest
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name b1 --rm busybox
/ # ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:02
inet addr:172.17.0.2 Bcast:172.17.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:2050 (2.0 KiB) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
```bash [root@localhost ~]# docker container ls -a //用于列出所有容器(包括未启动的)
# 在创建容器时添加--network bridge与不加--network选项效果是一致的 默认就是桥接模式
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name b2 --network bridge --rm busybox
/ # ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:02
inet addr:172.17.0.2 Bcast:172.17.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:15 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:1949 (1.9 KiB) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
none模式配置
#此模式为孤岛模式 只能访问自己和其他容器隔离
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --network none --rm busybox
/ # ifconfig -a
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
container模式配置
启动第一个容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name b1 --rm busybox
/ # ifconfig -a
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:02
inet addr:172.17.0.2 Bcast:172.17.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:23 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:2762 (2.6 KiB) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
启动第二个容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name b2 --rm busybox
/ # ifconfig -a
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:03
inet addr:172.17.0.3 Bcast:172.17.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:21 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:2591 (2.5 KiB) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
可以看到名为b2的容器IP地址是10.0.0.3,与第一个容器的IP地址不是一样的,也就是说并没有共享网络,此时如果我们将第二个容器的启动方式改变一下,就可以使名为b2的容器IP与B1容器IP一致,也即共享IP,但不共享文件系统。
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name b2 --rm --network container:b1 busybox
/ # ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:02
inet addr:172.17.0.2 Bcast:172.17.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:29 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:3275 (3.1 KiB) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
此时我们在b1容器上创建一个目录
/ # mkdir /tmp/data / # ls /tmp/ data
到b2容器上检查/tmp目录会发现并没有这个目录,因为文件系统是处于隔离状态,仅仅是共享了网络而已。
在b2容器上部署一个站点
/ # echo 'hello world' > /tmp/index.html / # ls /tmp/ index.html / # netstat -antl Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State / # /bin/httpd -h /tmp/ / # netstat -antl Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN
在b1容器上用本地地址去访问此站点
/ # wget -O - -q 127.0.0.1:80 hello world
由此可见,container模式下的容器间关系就相当于一台主机上的两个不同进程
host模式配置启动容器时直接指明模式为host
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name b1 --rm --network host busybox
/ # ifconfig
ens160 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:88:45:00
inet addr:192.168.220.145 Bcast:192.168.220.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::25e8:73ad:fbe9:f338/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:326653 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:525616 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:25930635 (24.7 MiB) TX bytes:126028332 (120.1 MiB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:98 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:98 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:7590 (7.4 KiB) TX bytes:7590 (7.4 KiB)
virbr0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 52:54:00:67:69:5A
UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
此时如果我们在这个容器中启动一个http站点,我们就可以直接用宿主机的IP直接在浏览器中访问这个容器中的站点了。
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name b1 --rm --network host busybox / # mkdir test / # echo "abc" > /test/index.html //创建测试文件 / # /bin/httpd -h /test/ //开启80端口 / # netstat -antl tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN #开启新终端 关闭防火墙 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service [root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
测试
b732caf0f051
在容器启动时注入主机名
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name b1 --network bridge --hostname kurumi --rm busybox / # hostname kurumi / # cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost ::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback fe00::0 ip6-localnet ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix ff02::1 ip6-allnodes ff02::2 ip6-allrouters 172.17.0.2 kurumi / # cat /etc/resolv.conf # Generated by NetworkManager search localdomain nameserver 192.168.220.2手动指定容器要使用的DNS
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --rm --hostname kurumi --dns 114.114.114.114 busybox / # cat /etc/resolv.conf search localdomain nameserver 114.114.114.114手动往/etc/hosts文件中注入主机名到IP地址的映射
下面操作node2 创建完后ping下node1 可以通就没问题 不能通的话新开一台终端用宿主机ping容器node1 或者node2 还不通就快照吧
#node1操作 [root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --rm --hostname done1 --network bridge busybox / # mkdir data / # echo "abc" > /data/index.html / # cat /data/index.html abc / # /bin/httpd -h /data/ / # netstat -antl Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN
#node2操作 [root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --rm --hostname done2 --add-host node1:172.17.0.2 --network bridge busybox / # ping node1 PING node1 (172.17.0.2): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.109 ms 64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.210 ms ^C --- node1 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 0.109/0.159/0.210 ms / # wget http://node1 Connecting to node1 (172.17.0.2:80) saving to 'index.html' index.html 100% |****************************| 4 0:00:00 ETA 'index.html' saved开放容器端口
执行docker run的时候有个-p选项,可以将容器中的应用端口映射到宿主机中,从而实现让外部主机可以通过访问宿主机的某端口来访问容器内应用的目的。
-p选项能够使用多次,其所能够暴露的端口必须是容器确实在监听的端口。
-p选项的使用格式:
-p 将指定的容器端口映射至主机所有地址的一个动态端口
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d --rm --name web -p 80 httpd 0c767fc66426d42dd87636d64b7234066ddc2409675ff955a7a42e7987be690f [root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 0c767fc66426 httpd "httpd-foreground" 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 0.0.0.0:49154->80/tcp, :::49154->80/tcp web
-p : 将容器端口映射至指定的主机端口
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d --rm --name web -p 80:80 httpd af5356fa1082fdf2496f42f8f93a3093c74f441452642dd8df7a6a1f0ae9f09c [root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES af5356fa1082 httpd "httpd-foreground" 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp web
-p :: 将指定的容器端口映射至主机指定的动态端口
#此方式适用于 主机有多个ip 要求指定ip访问 [root@localhost ~]# ip addr add 192.168.220.254/24 dev ens160 [root@localhost ~]# ip addr show ens160 2: ens160:mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:88:45:00 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.220.145/24 brd 192.168.220.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens160 valid_lft 1292sec preferred_lft 1292sec inet 192.168.220.254/24 scope global secondary ens160 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::25e8:73ad:fbe9:f338/64 scope link noprefixroute valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@localhost ~]# docker run -d --name web --rm -p 192.168.220.254::80 htt pd cfcf972bf3680c5da4f5b40447b2b923a03599737aaaf2543aa973515b999b81 [root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES cfcf972bf368 httpd "httpd-foreground" 3 seconds ago Up 2 seconds 192.168.220.254:49153->80/tcp web
-p ::将指定的容器端口映射至主机指定的端口
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name web -d --rm -p 192.168.220.254:8080:80 httpd 770b52056347843bf31deea38933fb37fef611d1541e34388d364ef3bd419af0 [root@localhost ~]# ss -antl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 192.168.220.254:8080 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 32 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:* LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:* LISTEN 0 5 [::1]:631 [::]:* [root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 770b52056347 httpd "httpd-foreground" 23 seconds ago Up 22 seconds 192.168.220.254:8080->80/tcp web



