使用ATMEGA8A 自己制作ARDUINO全过程。

手上多余一大堆Mega8,最近刚好在熟悉ISP，想自己做一批来测试，重新写了Bootload，把代码贴出来给大家自己做，只用了512个字节，使用0x1c00开始地址作为Bootload地址，开机进入Bootload，10秒钟重启一次，如有有代码自动进入用户程序。
先上代码：

include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
//#include 

//#define EEPROM 0
//FUCS FF D9 00 FF  0x1800
//FUCS FF DA 00 FF  0x1C00  OKOK

//#define F_CPU			16000000



//#define BAUD_RATE		9600



//#define MAX_TIME_COUNT	6000000
#define MAX_TIME_COUNT (F_CPU>>1)
//#define MAX_TIME_COUNT_MORATORY	1600000


#define HW_VER	 0x02
#define SW_MAJOR 0x01
#define SW_MINOR 0x12

// AVR-GCC compiler compatibility
// avr-gcc compiler v3.1.x and older doesn't support outb() and inb()
//      if necessary, convert outb and inb to outp and inp
#ifndef outb
	#define outb(sfr,val)  (_SFR_BYTE(sfr) = (val))
#endif
#ifndef inb
	#define inb(sfr) _SFR_BYTE(sfr)
#endif


#ifndef cbi
	#define cbi(sfr, bit) (_SFR_BYTE(sfr) &= ~_BV(bit))
#endif
#ifndef sbi
	#define sbi(sfr, bit) (_SFR_BYTE(sfr) |= _BV(bit))
#endif


#define eeprom_rb(addr)   eeprom_read_byte ((uint8_t *)(addr))
#define eeprom_rw(addr)   eeprom_read_word ((uint16_t *)(addr))
#define eeprom_wb(addr, val)   eeprom_write_byte ((uint8_t *)(addr), (uint8_t)(val))


#define LED_DDR  DDRB
#define LED_PORT PORTB
#define LED_PIN  PIND
#define LED      PIND5

#define SIG1	0x1E	// Yep, Atmel is the only manufacturer of AVR micros.  Single source :(
#define SIG2	0x93
#define SIG3	0x07
#define PAGE_SIZE	0x20U	//32 words

void putch(char);
char getch(void);
void getNch(uint8_t);
void byte_response(uint8_t);
void nothing_response(void);
#if 1

union address_union {
  uint16_t word;
  uint8_t  byte[2];
} address;

union length_union {
  uint16_t word;
  uint8_t  byte[2];
} length;
#endif
//uint16_t length;
//uint16_t address;

struct flags_struct {
  unsigned eeprom : 1;
 //unsigned rampz  : 1;
} flags;

uint8_t buff[256];
//uint8_t address_high;

//uint8_t pagesz=0x80;

//uint8_t i;
//uint8_t bootuart0=0,bootuart1=0;


void (*app_start)(void) = 0x0000;


void putch(char ch)
{
  
  while (!(inb(UCSRA) & _BV(UDRE)));
  outb(UDR,ch);
}

char getch(void)
{
  
	uint32_t count = 0;
  while(!(inb(UCSRA) & _BV(RXC))) {
		
		count++;
		//putch('.');
		if (count > MAX_TIME_COUNT){
			putch('!');
			app_start();
		}
  }
  return (inb(UDR));
}

void getNch(uint8_t count)
{
  uint8_t i;
  for(i=0;i
    
    //while(!(inb(UCSRA) & _BV(RXC)));
    //inb(UDR);
		getch(); // need to handle time out
  }
}

void byte_response(uint8_t val)
{
  if (getch() ==0x20) {
    putch(0x14);
    putch(val);
    putch(0x10);
  }
}

void nothing_response(void)
{
  if (getch() == 0x20) {
    putch(0x14);
    putch(0x10);
  }
}


int main(void)
{
  uint8_t ch,ch2;
  uint16_t w;

  //cbi(BL_DDR,BL);
  //sbi(BL_PORT,BL);

  asm volatile("nopnt");

  
  //if(pgm_read_byte_near(0x0000) != 0xFF) {

    
   // if(bit_is_set(BL_PIN,BL)) app_start();
  //}

  
  
  UBRRH = (((F_CPU/BAUD_RATE)/16)-1)>>8; 	// set baud rate
  UBRRL = (((F_CPU/BAUD_RATE)/16)-1);
  UCSRB = (1<> 8;
  //UCSRA = 0x00;
  //UCSRC = 0x86;
  //UCSRB = _BV(TXEN)|_BV(RXEN);


  
  putch('');

  //uint32_t l;
  //uint32_t time_count;
  //time_count=0;

  
//  sbi(LED_DDR,LED);
//	for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
//		outb(LED_PORT, inb(LED_PORT) ^ _BV(LED));
//		_delay_loop_2(0);
//	}
	
	//for (l=0; l<40000000; l++)
		//outb(LED_PORT, inb(LED_PORT) ^= _BV(LED));

  
  //for(i=0; i<3; ++i) {
    //for(l=0; l<40000000; ++l);
   // sbi(LED_PORT,LED);
    //for(l=0; l<40000000; ++l);
    //
  //}

 
 //putch(''); // this line is needed for the synchronization of the programmer
//cbi(LED_PORT,LED); 
  
  for (;;) {
 //sbi(LED_PORT,LED);	
    //if((inb(UCSRA) & _BV(RXC))){
    
		ch = getch();
		
		
	
		 
		if((ch=='P')||(ch=='Q')||(ch=='R')||(ch=='0')) {
		  nothing_response();
		  
		  if (ch=='Q')app_start();
		}
		
		
		
		
		else if(ch=='1') {
			if (getch() == ' ') {
				putch(0x14);
				putch('A');
				putch('V');
				putch('R');
				putch(' ');
				putch('I');
				putch('S');
				putch('P');
				putch(0x10);
		  }
		}
	
		
		else if(ch=='@') {
		  ch2 = getch();
		  if (ch2>0x85) getch();
		  nothing_response();
		}
	
		
		else if(ch=='A') {
		  ch2 = getch();
		  if(ch2==0x80) byte_response(HW_VER);		// Hardware version
		  else if(ch2==0x81) byte_response(SW_MAJOR);	// Software major version
		  else if(ch2==0x82) byte_response(SW_MINOR);	// Software minor version
		  //else if(ch2==0x98) byte_response(0x03);		// Unknown but seems to be required by avr studio 3.56
		  else byte_response(0x00);				// Covers various unnecessary responses we don't care about
		}
	
		
		else if(ch=='B') {
		  getNch(20);
		  nothing_response();
		}
	
		
		else if(ch=='E') {
		  getNch(5);
		  nothing_response();
		}


		
		else if(ch=='V') {
		  getNch(4);
		  byte_response(00);
		}
	
		
		else if(ch=='d') {
		  length.byte[1] = getch();
		  length.byte[0]= getch();
		  flags.eeprom = 0;
		  
		  if (getch() == 'E') flags.eeprom = 1;
		  
				  // putch(length);  
				  // putch(length>>8);
				   
		  for (w=0;w
		    buff[w] = getch();	                        // Store data in buffer, can't keep up with serial data stream whilst programming pages
			
		  }

		  if (getch() ==0x20) 
		  {
		//	  					putch('W');
#ifdef EERPOM
				if (flags.eeprom) {		                //Write to EEPROM one byte at a time
					for(w=0;w
						eeprom_wb(address.word,buff[w]);
						address.word++;
					}			
			//		putch('E');
				} else
#else					
if (flags.eeprom==0)					
#endif 
					{ //Write to FLASH one page at a time
					//if (address.byte[1]>127) address_high = 0x01;	//Only possible with m128, m256 will need 3rd address byte. FIXME
					//else address_high = 0x00;
			
					//address = address << 1;	        //address * 2 -> byte location
					//if ((length.byte[0] & 0x01)) length++;	//Even up an odd number of bytes

				//	putch('F');

#if 1
					cli();					//Disable interrupts, just to be sure
//					sbi(PORTD,3);
					//sbi(LED_PORT,LED);
					while(bit_is_set(EECR,EEWE));			//Wait for previous EEPROM writes to complete
	//				sbi(PORTD,3);
					//cbi(LED_PORT,LED);
					asm volatile(
							 "clr	r17		nt"	//page_word_count
							 
							 "lds	r30,address	nt"	//Address of FLASH location (in words)
							 "lds	r31,address+1	nt"
							 "lsl   r30				nt"  //address * 2 -> byte location
							 "rol   r31				nt" 
							 
							 "ldi	r28,lo8(buff)	nt"	//Start of buffer array in RAM
							 "ldi	r29,hi8(buff)	nt"
							 
							 "lds	r24,length	nt"	//Length of data to be written (in bytes)
							 "lds	r25,length+1	nt"
							 
							 "sbrs r24,0		nt"  //Even up an odd number of bytes
							 "rjmp length_loop		nt"
							 "adiw r24,1		nt"
							 
				"length_loop:		nt"	//Main loop, repeat for number of words in block							 							 
							 "cpi	r17,0x00	nt"	//If page_word_count=0 then erase page
							 "brne	no_page_erase	nt"						 
							 "rcall  wait_spm		nt"
//							 "wait_spm1:		nt"
//							 "lds	r16,%0		nt"	//Wait for previous spm to complete
//							 "andi	r16,1           nt"
//							 "cpi	r16,1           nt"
//							 "breq	wait_spm1       nt"
							 "ldi	r16,0x03	nt"	//Erase page pointed to by Z
							 "sts	%0,r16		nt"
							 "spm			nt"							 
							 "rcall  wait_spm		nt"
//							 "wait_spm2:		nt"
//							 "lds	r16,%0		nt"	//Wait for previous spm to complete
//							 "andi	r16,1           nt"
//							 "cpi	r16,1           nt"
//							 "breq	wait_spm2       nt"									 
							 "ldi	r16,0x11	nt"	//Re-enable RWW section
							 "sts	%0,r16		nt"						 			 
							 "spm			nt"
							 "no_page_erase:		nt"							 
							 "ld	r0,Y+		nt"	//Write 2 bytes into page buffer
							 "ld	r1,Y+		nt"							 
										 
							 "rcall  wait_spm		nt"
//							 "wait_spm3:		nt"
//							 "lds	r16,%0		nt"	//Wait for previous spm to complete
//							 "andi	r16,1           nt"
//							 "cpi	r16,1           nt"
//							 "breq	wait_spm3       nt"
							 "ldi	r16,0x01	nt"	//Load r0,r1 into FLASH page buffer
							 "sts	%0,r16		nt"
							 "spm			nt"
										 
							 "inc	r17		nt"	//page_word_count++
							 "cpi r17,%1	        nt"
							 "brlo	same_page	nt"	//Still same page in FLASH
							 "write_page:		nt"
							 "clr	r17		nt"	//New page, write current one first
							 "rcall  wait_spm		nt"
//							 "wait_spm4:		nt"
//							 "lds	r16,%0		nt"	//Wait for previous spm to complete
//							 "andi	r16,1           nt"
//							 "cpi	r16,1           nt"
//							 "breq	wait_spm4       nt"
							 "ldi	r16,0x05	nt"	//Write page pointed to by Z
							 "sts	%0,r16		nt"
							 "spm			nt"
							 "rcall  wait_spm		nt"
//							 "wait_spm5:		nt"
//							 "lds	r16,%0		nt"	//Wait for previous spm to complete
//							 "andi	r16,1           nt"
//							 "cpi	r16,1           nt"
//							 "breq	wait_spm5       nt"									 
							 "ldi	r16,0x11	nt"	//Re-enable RWW section
							 "sts	%0,r16		nt"						 			 
							 "spm			nt"					 		 
							 "same_page:		nt"							 
							 "adiw	r30,2		nt"	//Next word in FLASH
							 "sbiw	r24,2		nt"	//length-2
							 "breq	final_write	nt"	//Finished
							 "rjmp	length_loop	nt"
							 
				"wait_spm:  nt"
							 "lds	r16,%0		nt"	//Wait for previous spm to complete
							 "andi	r16,1           nt"
							 "cpi	r16,1           nt"
							 "breq	wait_spm       nt"
							 "ret			nt"
							 
			  "final_write:		nt"
							 "cpi	r17,0		nt"
							 "breq	block_done	nt"
							 "adiw	r24,2		nt"	//length+2, fool above check on length after short page write
							 "rjmp	write_page	nt"
			   "block_done:		nt"
			   				
							 "clr	__zero_reg__	nt"	//restore zero register
							 : "=m" (SPMCR) : "M" (PAGE_SIZE) : "r0","r16","r17","r24","r25","r28","r29","r30","r31");
			
					
					
#endif				

				}
				//sbi(LED_PORT,LED);
			//	sei();
//				cbi(PORTD,3);
				putch(0x14);
				putch(0x10);
			}		
		}
		
		
		
		else if(ch=='U') {
		  address.byte[0] = getch();
		  address.byte[1]=getch();
		  nothing_response();
		}
		
		
		else if(ch=='t') {
		  length.byte[1] = getch();
		  length.byte[0] =getch();
#if EERPOM		  
		  if (getch() == 'E') 
		  	flags.eeprom = 1;  //0x45  EEPROM
		  else 
#else
		  if (getch() == 'F') 
	
#endif	
		  {                        //0x46 FLASH
				flags.eeprom = 0;
				address.word = address.word << 1;	        // address * 2 -> byte location
		  }

		  if (getch() == 0x20) {		                // Command terminator
			   putch(0x14);

				for (w=0;w 		        // Can handle odd and even lengths okay
#if EERPOM
					if (flags.eeprom) {	                        // Byte access EEPROM read
								putch(eeprom_rb(address.word));
						address.word++;
					} else 
#else					
if (flags.eeprom==0)
#endif					
					{	
							//
						if (address.word<0x1c00)
									{

										//if (!flags.rampz) 
											putch(pgm_read_byte_near(address.word));
									}else{
											putch(0xff);
										}


						address.word++;
					}
				}
				putch(0x10);
		  }
		}
	
		
		else if(ch=='u') {
		  if (getch() == ' ') {
				putch(0x14);
				putch(SIG1);
				putch(SIG2);
				putch(SIG3);
				putch(0x10);
		  }
		}
	
		
		else if(ch=='v') {
		  byte_response(0x00);
		}
//    } else {
//			time_count++;
//			if (time_count>=MAX_TIME_COUNT) {
//				c();
//			}
//		}

	//cbi(LED_PORT,LED);
  } 
}

接下来是Makefile:

# Makefile for ATmegaBOOT
# E.Lins, 2004-10-14

# program name should not be changed...
PROGRAM    = ATmegaBOOT

PRODUCT=atmega8

# enter the parameters for the UISP isp tool
ISPPARAMS  = -dprog=stk500 -dserial=$(SERIAL) -dspeed=19200


#DIRAVR = F:2022AVRminiuxAVRarduino-litebinwin32WinAVR-20090313
DIRAVR = ../../../bin/win32/WinAVR-20090313
DIRAVRBIN = $(DIRAVR)/bin

DIRAVRUTILS = $(DIRAVR)/utils/bin
DIRINC = $(DIRAVR)/include
DIRLIB = $(DIRAVR)/avr/lib


MCU_TARGET = atmega8
LDSECTION  = --section-start=.text=0x1C00
#FUSE_L     = 0xdf
#FUSE_H     = 0xca

FUSE_L     = 0xFF
FUSE_H     = 0xDD

ISPFUSES   = $(DIRAVRBIN)/uisp -dpart=ATmega8 $(ISPPARAMS) --wr_fuse_l=$(FUSE_L) --wr_fuse_h=$(FUSE_H)
ISPFLASH   = $(DIRAVRBIN)/uisp -dpart=ATmega8 $(ISPPARAMS) --erase --upload if=$(PROGRAM).hex -v


OBJ        = $(PROGRAM).o
OPTIMIZE   = -Os

DEFS       = -DF_CPU=7372800 -DBAUD_RATE=19200
LIBS       =

CC         = $(DIRAVRBIN)/avr-gcc


# Override is only needed by avr-lib build system.

override CFLAGS        = -g -Wall $(OPTIMIZE) -mmcu=$(MCU_TARGET) -D$(PRODUCT) $(DEFS) -I$(DIRINC)
override LDFLAGS       = -Wl,-Map,$(PROGRAM).map,$(LDSECTION)

OBJCOPY        = $(DIRAVRBIN)/avr-objcopy
OBJDUMP        = $(DIRAVRBIN)/avr-objdump
SIZE           = $(DIRAVRBIN)/avr-size

all: $(PROGRAM).elf lst text asm size

isp: $(PROGRAM).hex
	$(ISPFUSES)
	$(ISPFLASH)

$(PROGRAM).elf: $(OBJ)
	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@ $^ $(LIBS)

clean:
	rm -rf *.s
	rm -rf *.o *.elf
	rm -rf *.lst *.map

asm: $(PROGRAM).s

%.s: %.c
	$(CC) -S $(CFLAGS) -g1 $^

lst:  $(PROGRAM).lst

%.lst: %.elf
	$(OBJDUMP) -h -S $< > $@

size: $(PROGRAM).hex
	$(SIZE) $^

# Rules for building the .text rom images

text: hex bin srec

hex:  $(PROGRAM).hex
bin:  $(PROGRAM).bin
srec: $(PROGRAM).srec

%.hex: %.elf
	$(OBJCOPY) -j .text -j .data -O ihex $< $@

%.srec: %.elf
	$(OBJCOPY) -j .text -j .data -O srec $< $@

%.bin: %.elf
	$(OBJCOPY) -j .text -j .data -O binary $< $@

然后使用 make 编译出hex

用烧录器烧录或者ISP

配置位如图：

下载完代开Arduino

开发板选择 Arduino NG or older
处理器 Atmega8
编程器选择 STK500

这样使用 19200下载到开发板就可以了！

在Arduinohardwarearduinoavr目录下有个broads.txt

由于我使用的是7.372800 19200BPS这里面需要改动

##############################################################

atmegang.name=Arduino NG or older

atmegang.upload.tool=avrdude
atmegang.upload.protocol=arduino
atmegang.upload.speed=19200

atmegang.bootloader.tool=avrdude
atmegang.bootloader.unlock_bits=0x3F
atmegang.bootloader.lock_bits=0x0F

atmegang.build.mcu=atmegang
atmegang.build.f_cpu=7372800L
atmegang.build.board=AVR_NG
atmegang.build.core=arduino
atmegang.build.variant=standard

atmegang.menu.cpu.atmega168=ATmega168

atmegang.menu.cpu.atmega168.upload.maximum_size=14336
atmegang.menu.cpu.atmega168.upload.maximum_data_size=1024

atmegang.menu.cpu.atmega168.bootloader.low_fuses=0xff
atmegang.menu.cpu.atmega168.bootloader.high_fuses=0xdd
atmegang.menu.cpu.atmega168.bootloader.extended_fuses=0xF8
atmegang.menu.cpu.atmega168.bootloader.file=atmega/ATmegaBOOT_168_ng.hex

atmegang.menu.cpu.atmega168.build.mcu=atmega168

atmegang.menu.cpu.atmega8=ATmega8

atmegang.menu.cpu.atmega8.upload.maximum_size=7168
atmegang.menu.cpu.atmega8.upload.maximum_data_size=1024

atmegang.menu.cpu.atmega8.bootloader.low_fuses=0xdf
atmegang.menu.cpu.atmega8.bootloader.high_fuses=0xca
atmegang.menu.cpu.atmega8.bootloader.extended_fuses=0xF8
atmegang.menu.cpu.atmega8.bootloader.file=atmega8/ATmegaBOOT-prod-firmware-2009-11-07.hex

atmegang.menu.cpu.atmega8.build.mcu=atmega8

##############################################################
这样就完成了。