消息队列 RabbitMQ[五] RabbitMQ的Routing工作模式(SpringBoot方式与amqp-client方式)

Routing工作模式架构图:

如图所示我们需要一个类型为DIRECT的交换机以及两个队列，生产者发布消息到交换机，交换机根据对应的routingkey发布到指定的与它绑定的队列，比如我们发送消息时，给消息绑定了一个叫orange的routingkey，那么消息就会被存储到Q1中，routingkey为black或green则会被存储到Q2中

1. 引入依赖：

     com.rabbitmq
     amqp-client
     4.8.0
 

2. 通过可视化管理界面添加用户并分配虚拟机
消息队列 RabbitMQ[二] RabbitMQ可视化管控台创建用户并为用户分配虚拟机
3. 生产者代码：

import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class Producer_Routing {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        // 1. 创建连接工厂
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        // 2. 设置参数
        connectionFactory.setHost("127.0.0.1"); // IP地址 默认地址localhost
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672); // 端口号 默认5672
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/demo_virtual"); // 虚拟机名称 默认/
        connectionFactory.setUsername("zdy"); // 用户名 默认guest
        connectionFactory.setPassword("zdy"); // 密码 默认guest
        // 3. 创建连接 Connection
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        // 4. 创建频道 Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        // 5. 创建交换机
        
        String exchangeName = "direct_exchange";
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT, true, false, false, null);

        // 6. 创建队列
        
        String queue1Name = "direct_queue1";
        String queue2Name = "direct_queue2";
        channel.queueDeclare(queue1Name, true, false, false, null);
        channel.queueDeclare(queue2Name, true, false, false, null);

        // 7. 绑定交换机与队列
        
        channel.queueBind(queue1Name, exchangeName, "error"); // routingkey为error的消息会存储到queue1Name队列中
        channel.queueBind(queue2Name, exchangeName, "info"); // routingkey为info的消息会存储到queue2Name队列中
        channel.queueBind(queue2Name, exchangeName, "warning"); // routingkey为warning的消息会存储到queue2Name队列中
        channel.queueBind(queue2Name, exchangeName, "error"); // routingkey为error的消息会存储到queue2Name队列中

        String body = "hello rabbitmq";
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, "info", null, body.getBytes());
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

发送routingkey为error的消息，两个队列都会存储

发送routingkey为info的消息，只有direct_queue2会存储该消息

4. 消费者代码：

在这里插入代码片

direct_queue1消费成功


direct_queue2消费成功

1. 引入依赖：

    org.springframework.boot
     spring-boot
     2.3.12.RELEASE
 
 
     org.springframework.boot
     spring-boot-starter-amqp
     2.3.12.RELEASE
 
 
     org.springframework.boot
     spring-boot-starter-test
     2.3.12.RELEASE
 

2. 编写生产者代码（创建新的SpringBoot项目）
2.1 编写配置文件application.yml

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: 127.0.0.1
    port: 5672
    username: zdy
    password: zdy
    virtual-host: /demo_virtual

2.2. 编写RabbitMQ配置文件

import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class RabbitMQConfig {
    public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "direct_exchange";
    public static final String QUEUE1_NAME = "direct_queue1";
    public static final String QUEUE2_NAME = "direct_queue2";

    // 1. 创建Exchange交换机
    @Bean("direct_exchange")
    public Exchange createExchange(){
        return ExchangeBuilder.topicExchange(EXCHANGE_NAME).durable(true).build();
    }

    // 2. 创建Queue队列
    @Bean("direct_queue1")
    public Queue createQueue1(){
        return QueueBuilder.durable(QUEUE1_NAME).build();
    }
    @Bean("direct_queue2")
    public Queue createQueue2(){
        return QueueBuilder.durable(QUEUE2_NAME).build();
    }

    // 3. 创建绑定交换机与队列
    @Bean
    public Binding createBinding1Error(@Qualifier("direct_queue1") Queue queue, @Qualifier("direct_exchange") Exchange exchange){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with("error").noargs();
    }
    @Bean
    public Binding createBinding2Error(@Qualifier("direct_queue2") Queue queue, @Qualifier("direct_exchange") Exchange exchange){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with("error").noargs();
    }
    @Bean
    public Binding createBinding2Warn(@Qualifier("direct_queue2") Queue queue, @Qualifier("direct_exchange") Exchange exchange){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with("warn").noargs();
    }
    @Bean
    public Binding createBinding2Info(@Qualifier("direct_queue2") Queue queue, @Qualifier("direct_exchange") Exchange exchange){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with("info").noargs();
    }
}

2.3. 编写测试类

import com.zdy.config.RabbitMQConfig;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

@SpringBootTest
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class ProducerTest {

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    @Test
    public void testRoutingSend(){
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMQConfig.EXCHANGE_NAME, "error", "hello rabbitmq");
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMQConfig.EXCHANGE_NAME, "info", "hello rabbitmq");
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMQConfig.EXCHANGE_NAME, "warn", "hello rabbitmq");
    }
}

生产成功routingkey为error的消息两个都会存储，两外两个只有direct_queue2会存储

3. 编写消费者代码（创建新的SpringBoot项目）
3.1. 编写配置文件application.yml（与生产者的一样）
3.2. 编写消息监听类

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class RabbitMQListener {

    @RabbitListener(queues = "direct_queue1")
    public void listenQueueFanoutQ1(Message message){
        System.out.println(new String(message.getBody()));
    }

    @RabbitListener(queues = "direct_queue2")
    public void listenQueueFanoutQ2(Message message){
        System.out.println(new String(message.getBody()));
    }
}

三、代码结构：