目录
1.新建项目和app：
2.创建模型操作类
3.在settings.py中配置mysql数据库
4.数据库迁移
5.在stpapi>view.py中编写如下代码：
6.在stuapi.py中新建子路由urls.py，并编写如下代码：
7.在总路由urls.py中编写如下代码：
8.在settings.py中关闭csrf
9.在postman中发送请求：
9.1post请求：
9.2get请求：
9.3 编辑put和delete请求
9.4查看put和delete请求：
本文可对比——Django创建api的demo（使用RESTFramework）
1.新建项目和app：
在settings.py中添加标注区域代码
2.创建模型操作类
在stuapi/models.py中添加如下代码：
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Student(models.Model):
"""学生信息"""
name = models.CharField(max_length=255,verbose_name="姓名")
sex = models.BooleanField(default=1, verbose_name="性别")
age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄")
classroom = models.CharField(max_length=5, verbose_name="班级编号")
description = models.TextField(max_length=1000, verbose_name="个性签名")
class Meta:
db_table = "tb_student"
verbose_name = "学生"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
3.在settings.py中配置mysql数据库
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': '数据库名',
'HOST':'ip地址',
'POST':3306,
'USER':'用户名',
'PASSWORD':'密码',
}
}
在主应用__init__.py中添加如下代码：
from pymysql import install_as_MySQLdb install_as_MySQLdb()
4.数据库迁移
在navcat中查看是否创建成功：
5.在stpapi>view.py中编写如下代码：
from django.views import View
from django.http.response import JsonResponse
from .models import Student
import json
# Create your views here.
"""
POST /students/ 添加一个学生信息
GET /students/ 获取所有学生信息
GET /students// 获取一个学生信息
PUT /students// 更新一个学生信息
DELETe /students// 删除一个学生信息
一个路由对应一个视图类，所以我们可以把5个API分成2个类完成
"""
class StudentView(View):
"""学生视图"""
def post(self,request):
"""添加一个学生信息"""
# 1.接收客户单提交的数据
data = json.loads(request.body)
name = data.get("name")
sex = data.get("sex")
age = data.get("age")
classroom = data.get("classroom")
description = data.get("description")
# 2.操作数据库，保存数据
instance = Student.objects.create(
name = name,
sex = sex,
age = age,
classroom = classroom,
description = description,
)
# 3.返回结果
return JsonResponse(data={
"id":instance.pk,
"name":instance.name,
"sex":instance.sex,
"age":instance.age,
"classroom":instance.classroom,
"description":instance.description,
},status=201)
def get(self,request):
"""获取多个学生数据"""
# 1.读取数据库
student_list = list(Student.objects.values())
# print(student_list)
# 2.返回数据
return JsonResponse(
data=student_list,
status=200,
safe=False,
)
6.在stuapi.py中新建子路由urls.py，并编写如下代码：
from django.urls import path
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
path("students/", views.StudentView.as_view()),
]
7.在总路由urls.py中编写如下代码：
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,include
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('api/', include("stuapi.urls")),
]
8.在settings.py中关闭csrf
别忘了启动服务，python manage.py runserver
9.在postman中发送请求：
9.1post请求：
返回数据如下所示：
在navcat中发现也新增一条数据：
9.2get请求：
9.3 编辑put和delete请求
修改stuapi>views.py
from django.views import View from django.http.response import JsonResponse from .models import Student import json # Create your views here. """ POST /students/ 添加一个学生信息 GET /students/ 获取所有学生信息 GET /students// 获取一个学生信息 PUT /students/ / 更新一个学生信息 DELETe /students/ / 删除一个学生信息 一个路由对应一个视图类，所以我们可以把5个API分成2个类完成 """ class StudentView(View): """学生视图""" def post(self,request): """添加一个学生信息""" # 1.接收客户单提交的数据 data = json.loads(request.body) name = data.get("name") sex = data.get("sex") age = data.get("age") classroom = data.get("classroom") description = data.get("description") # 2.操作数据库，保存数据 instance = Student.objects.create( name = name, sex = sex, age = age, classroom = classroom, description = description, ) # 3.返回结果 return JsonResponse(data={ "id":instance.pk, "name":instance.name, "sex":instance.sex, "age":instance.age, "classroom":instance.classroom, "description":instance.description, },status=201) def get(self,request): """获取多个学生数据""" # 1.读取数据库 student_list = list(Student.objects.values()) # print(student_list) # 2.返回数据 return JsonResponse( data=student_list, status=200, safe=False, ) class StudentInfoView(View): def get(self, request, pk): """获取一条学生信息""" try: instance = Student.objects.get(pk=pk) return JsonResponse(data={ "id": instance.pk, "name": instance.name, "sex": instance.sex, "age": instance.age, "classroom": instance.classroom, "description": instance.description, },status=200) except Student.DoesNoExist: return JsonResponse(data={},status=404) def put(self,request,pk): """更新一个学生信息""" # 1.接收提交的数据 data = json.loads(request.body) name = data.get("name") sex = data.get("sex") age = data.get("age") classroom = data.get("classroom") description = data.get("description") # 2.操作数据库，保存数据 try: instance = Student.objects.get(pk=pk) # 修改数据 instance.name = name instance.sex = sex instance.age = age instance.classroom = classroom instance.description = description instance.save() except Student.DoesNoExist: return JsonResponse(data=None, status=404) # 3.返回结果 return JsonResponse(data={ "id": instance.pk, "name": instance.name, "sex": instance.sex, "age": instance.age, "classroom": instance.classroom, "description": instance.description, }, status=201) def delete(self,request,pk): """删除一个学生信息""" try: Student.objects.filter(pk=pk).delete() except: pass return JsonResponse(data={}, status=204)
在stuapi>urls.py中修改代码如下：
from django.urls import path,re_path
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
path("students/", views.StudentView.as_view()),
re_path("^students/(?Pd+)/$", views.StudentInfoView.as_view()),
]
9.4查看put和delete请求：
查看put请求：
查看delete请求：
在navcat中查看数据也被清空了：
