记录RSA加解密算法使用心得

RSA加解密算法是一种非对称加密算法，非对称就是用于加密的密钥（公钥），和解密的密钥（私钥），不是同一个。

RSA算法优点：很难破解，RSA算法涉及至少200位的大数，现在还缺乏解决大数的因子分解得方法，所以难攻破；

RSA算法缺点：计算速度比DES算法等蛮许多。个人建议，如果对速度有要求，可以选取数据其中一段采用RSA算法加密，其余不加密/选取其他速度较快的算法加密，再分别解密。

上面的公钥和私钥，可以使用算法生成，也可以使用下面的网址随机生成的。

在线生成非对称加密公钥私钥对、在线生成公私钥对、RSA Key pair create、生成RSA密钥对

有一点需要注意的是：C++使用RSA算法是要用到openssl库（libcrypto，libssl）的，openssl的RSA密钥是有起始标志的，每64个字节会有一个换行符（n）；这跟JAVA是不一样的，JAVA中的密钥是没有起止标志，也没有换行符，只有内容的（上面链接生成的是C++版的，JAVA要把起止标志和换行符去掉）

C++的起止标志有以下两种（添加公钥私钥的时候如果没有就要加进去的）：

-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
...
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----

-----BEGIN RSA PUBLIC KEY-----
...
-----END RSA PUBLIC KEY-----

另附C++的RSA加密算法（使用时建议封装成算法类）：

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
 
int padding = RSA_PKCS1_PADDING;
 
RSA * createRSA(unsigned char * key,int public)
{
    RSA *rsa= NULL;
    BIO *keybio ;
    keybio = BIO_new_mem_buf(key, -1);
    if (keybio==NULL)
    {
        printf( "Failed to create key BIO");
        return 0;
    }
    if(public)
    {
        rsa = PEM_read_bio_RSA_PUBKEY(keybio, &rsa,NULL, NULL);
    }
    else
    {
        rsa = PEM_read_bio_RSAPrivateKey(keybio, &rsa,NULL, NULL);
    }
    if(rsa == NULL)
    {
        printf( "Failed to create RSA");
    }
 
    return rsa;
}
 
int public_encrypt(unsigned char * data,int data_len,unsigned char * key, unsigned char *encrypted)
{
    RSA * rsa = createRSA(key,1);
    int result = RSA_public_encrypt(data_len,data,encrypted,rsa,padding);
    return result;
}
int private_decrypt(unsigned char * enc_data,int data_len,unsigned char * key, unsigned char *decrypted)
{
    RSA * rsa = createRSA(key,0);
    int  result = RSA_private_decrypt(data_len,enc_data,decrypted,rsa,padding);
    return result;
}
 
 
int private_encrypt(unsigned char * data,int data_len,unsigned char * key, unsigned char *encrypted)
{
    RSA * rsa = createRSA(key,0);
    int result = RSA_private_encrypt(data_len,data,encrypted,rsa,padding);
    return result;
}
int public_decrypt(unsigned char * enc_data,int data_len,unsigned char * key, unsigned char *decrypted)
{
    RSA * rsa = createRSA(key,1);
    int  result = RSA_public_decrypt(data_len,enc_data,decrypted,rsa,padding);
    return result;
}
 
void printLastError(char *msg)
{
    char * err = malloc(130);;
    ERR_load_crypto_strings();
    ERR_error_string(ERR_get_error(), err);
    printf("%s ERROR: %sn",msg, err);
    free(err);
}
 
int main(){
 
  char plainText[2048/8] = "Hello this is Ravi"; //key length : 2048
 
 char publicKey[]="-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----n"
"MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAy8Dbv8prpJ/0kKhlGeJYn"
"ozo2t60EG8L0561g13R29LvMR5hyvGZlGJpmn65+A4xHXInJYiPuKzrKUnApeLZ+n"
"vw1HocOAZtWK0z3r26uA8kQYOKX9Qt/DbCdvsF9wF8gRK0ptx9M6R13NvBxvVQApn"
"fc9jB9nTzphOgM4JiEYvlV8FLhg9yZovMYd6Wwf3aoXK891VQxTr/kQYoq1Yp+68n"
"i6T4nNq7NWC+UNVjQHxNQMQMzU6lWCX8zyg3yH88OAQkUXIXKfQ+NkvYQ1cxaMoVn"
"PpY72+eVthKzpMeyHkBn7ciumk5qgLTEJAfWZpe4f4eFZj/Rc8Y8Jj2IS5kVPjUyn"
"wQIDAQABn"
"-----END PUBLIC KEY-----n";
  
 char privateKey[]="-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----n"
"MIIEowIBAAKCAQEAy8Dbv8prpJ/0kKhlGeJYozo2t60EG8L0561g13R29LvMR5hyn"
"vGZlGJpmn65+A4xHXInJYiPuKzrKUnApeLZ+vw1HocOAZtWK0z3r26uA8kQYOKX9n"
"Qt/DbCdvsF9wF8gRK0ptx9M6R13NvBxvVQApfc9jB9nTzphOgM4JiEYvlV8FLhg9n"
"yZovMYd6Wwf3aoXK891VQxTr/kQYoq1Yp+68i6T4nNq7NWC+UNVjQHxNQMQMzU6ln"
"WCX8zyg3yH88OAQkUXIXKfQ+NkvYQ1cxaMoVPpY72+eVthKzpMeyHkBn7ciumk5qn"
"gLTEJAfWZpe4f4eFZj/Rc8Y8Jj2IS5kVPjUywQIDAQABAoIBADhg1u1Mv1hAAlX8n"
"omz1Gn2f4AAW2aos2cM5UDCNw1SYmj+9SRIkaxjRsE/C4o9sw1oxrg1/z6kajV0en"
"N/t008FdlVKHXAIYWF93JMoVvIpMmT8jft6AN/y3NMpivgt2inmmEJZYNioFJKZGn"
"X+/vKYvsVISZm2fw8NfnKvAQK55yu+GRWBZGOeS9K+LbYvOwcrjKhHz66m4bedKdn"
"gVAix6NE5iwmjNXktSQlJMCjbtdNXg/xo1/G4kG2p/MO1HLcKfe1N5FgBiXj3Qjln"
"vgvjJZkh1as2KTgaPOBqZaP03738VnYg23ISyvfT/teArVGtxrmFP7939EvJFKpFn"
"1wTxuDkCgYEA7t0DR37zt+dEJy+5vm7zSmN97VenwQJFWMiulkHGa0yU3lLasxxun"
"m0oUtndIjenIvSx6t3Y+agK2F3EPbb0AZ5wZ1p1IXs4vktgeQwSSBdqcM8LZFDvZn"
"uPboQnJoRdIkd62XnP5ekIEIBAfOp8v2wFpSfE7nNH2u4CpAXNSF9HsCgYEA2l8Dn"
"JrDE5m9Kkn+J4l+AdGfeBL1igPF3DnuPoV67BpgiaAgI4h25UJzXiDKKoa706S0Dn"
"4XB74zOLX11MaGPMIdhlG+SgeQfNoC5lE4ZWXNyESJH1SVgRGT9nBC2vtL6bxCVVn"
"WBkTeC5D6c/QXcai6yw6OYyNNdp0uznKURe1xvMCgYBVYYcEjWqMuAvyferFGV+5n"
"nWqr5gM+yJMFM2bEqupD/HHSLoeiMm2O8KIKvwSeRYzNohKTdZ7FwgZYxr8fGMoGn"
"PxQ1VK9DxCvZL4tRpVaU5Rmknud9hg9DQG6xIbgIDR+f79sb8QjYWmcFGc1SyWOAn"
"SkjlykZ2yt4xnqi3BfiD9QKBgGqLgRYXmXp1QoVIBRaWUi55nzHg1XbkWZqPXvz1n"
"I3uMLv1jLjJlHk3euKqTPmC05HoApKwSHeA0/gOBmg404xyAYJTDcCidTg6hlF96n"
"ZBja3xApZuxqM62F6dV4FQqzFX0WWhWp5n301N33r0qR6FumMKJzmVJ1TA8tmzEFn"
"yINRAoGBAJqioYs8rK6eXzA8ywYLjqTLu/yQSLBn/4ta36K8DyCoLNlNxSuox+A5n"
"w6z2vEfRVQDq4Hm4vBzjdi3QfYLNkTiTqLcvgWZ+eX44ogXtdTDO7c+GeMKWz4XXn"
"uJSUVL5+CVjKLjZEJ6Qc2WZLl94xSwL71E41H4YciVnSCQxVc4Jwn"
"-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----n";
 
    
unsigned char  encrypted[4098]={};
unsigned char decrypted[4098]={};
 
int encrypted_length= public_encrypt(plainText,strlen(plainText),publicKey,encrypted);
if(encrypted_length == -1)
{
    printLastError("Public Encrypt failed ");
    exit(0);
}
printf("Encrypted length =%dn",encrypted_length);
 
int decrypted_length = private_decrypt(encrypted,encrypted_length,privateKey, decrypted);
if(decrypted_length == -1)
{
    printLastError("Private Decrypt failed ");
    exit(0);
}
printf("Decrypted Text =%sn",decrypted);
printf("Decrypted Length =%dn",decrypted_length);
 
 
encrypted_length= private_encrypt(plainText,strlen(plainText),privateKey,encrypted);
if(encrypted_length == -1)
{
    printLastError("Private Encrypt failed");
    exit(0);
}
printf("Encrypted length =%dn",encrypted_length);
 
decrypted_length = public_decrypt(encrypted,encrypted_length,publicKey, decrypted);
if(decrypted_length == -1)
{
    printLastError("Public Decrypt failed");
    exit(0);
}
printf("Decrypted Text =%sn",decrypted);
printf("Decrypted Length =%dn",decrypted_length);
 
}

参考博客：

密码学：RSA加密算法详解_Q-WHai的博客-CSDN博客_rsa加密算法

C++ RSA加解密_Tobyn_的博客-CSDN博客_c++ rsa