函数的相关使用
## 函数的编写
def greet_user(username): # def 定义一个函数
"""显示简单的问候语"""
print("Hello, " + username.title() + "!")
greet_user('dong')
def get_formatted_name(first_name, last_name, middle_name=''):
"""返回整洁的姓名"""
if middle_name:
full_name = first_name + ' ' + middle_name + ' ' + last_name
else:
full_name = first_name + ' ' + last_name
return full_name.title()
musician = get_formatted_name('jimi', 'hendrix') #确少实参取默认值
print(musician)
musician = get_formatted_name('john', 'hooker', 'lee')
print(musician)
## 返回字典
def build_person(first_name, last_name, age=''):
"""返回一个字典，其中包含有关一个人的信息"""
person = {'first': first_name, 'last': last_name}
if age:
person['age'] = age
return person
musician = build_person('jimi', 'hendrix', '27')
print(musician)
## 传递列表
def greet_users(names):
"""向列表中的每位用户都发出简单的问候"""
for name in names:
msg = "Hello, " + name.title() + "!"
print(msg)
usernames = ['hannah', 'ty', 'margot']
greet_users(usernames)
## 函数中修改列表
def print_models(unprinted_designs, completed_models):
"""
模拟打印每个设计，直到没有未打印的设计为止
打印每个设计后，都将其移到列表completed_models中
"""
while unprinted_designs:
current_design = unprinted_designs.pop()
# 模拟根据设计制作3D打印模型的过程
print("Printing model: " + current_design)
completed_models.append(current_design)
def show_completed_models(completed_models):
"""显示打印好的所有模型"""
print("nThe following models have been printed:")
for completed_model in completed_models:
print(completed_model)
unprinted_designs = ['iphone case', 'robot pendant', 'dodecahedron']
completed_models = []
print_models(unprinted_designs, completed_models)
show_completed_models(completed_models)
# 如需保留unprinted_designs不被改变，用使用切片传递副本给函数，即unprinted_designs(:)
## 传递任意数量的实参
def make_pizza(*toppings): # *是创建一个名为toppings的空元组
"""概述要制作的比萨"""
print("nMaking a pizza with the following toppings:")
for topping in toppings:
print("- " + topping)
make_pizza('pepperoni')
make_pizza('mushrooms', 'green peppers', 'extra cheese')
## 结合使用位置实参和任意数量实参
def make_pizza(size, *toppings):
"""必须在函数定义中将接纳任意数量实参的形参放在最后"""
"""概述要制作的比萨"""
print("nMaking a " + str(size) +
"-inch pizza with the following toppings:")
for topping in toppings:
print("- " + topping)
make_pizza(16, 'pepperoni')
make_pizza(12, 'mushrooms', 'green peppers', 'extra cheese')
## 使用任意数量的关键字实参
def build_profile(first, last, **user_info):
"""**创建一个空字典"""
"""创建一个字典，其中包含我们知道的有关用户的一切"""
profile = {}
profile['first_name'] = first
profile['last_name'] = last
for key, value in user_info.items():
profile[key] = value
return profile
user_profile = build_profile('albert', 'einstein',
location='princeton',
field='physics')
print(user_profile)
函数模块的相关使用
函数模块：
def make_pizza(size, *toppings):
"""概述要制作的比萨"""
print("nMaking a " + str(size) +
"-inch pizza with the following toppings:")
for topping in toppings:
print("- " + topping)
模块的使用：
import pizza
## 或者 from pizze import make_pizze
pizza.make_pizza(16, 'pepperoni')
pizza.make_pizza(12, 'mushrooms', 'green peppers', 'extra cheese')
'''
导入模块中的特定函数
例如 from module_name import function_name
任意数量的函数，逗号分隔函数名
例如 from module_name import function_0, function_1, function_2
'''
print("----------")
## 使用 as 给函数指定别名
from pizza import make_pizza as mp
mp(16, 'pepperoni')
mp(12, 'mushrooms', 'green peppers', 'extra cheese')
print("----------")
## 使用 as 给模块指定别名
import pizza as p
p.make_pizza(16, 'pepperoni')
p.make_pizza(12, 'mushrooms', 'green peppers', 'extra cheese')
print("----------")
## 导入模块中的所有函数 使用 *
from pizza import *
make_pizza(16, 'pepperoni')
make_pizza(12, 'mushrooms', 'green peppers', 'extra cheese')
