软件管理之练习

1、自建yum仓库，分别为网络源和本地源

# 启用misc
[root@CentOS8 ~]# rpm -q autofs || yum install -y autofs
[root@CentOS8 ~]# systemctl enable --now autofs


# 移除原有的仓库配置文件
[root@CentOS8 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@CentOS8 yum.repos.d]# mkdir backup; mv *.repo backup


# 编辑配置文件
[root@CentOS8 yum.repos.d]# cat >base.repo< [baseOS]
> name=baseOS
> baseurl=file:///misc/cd/baseOS
> enabled=1
> gpgcheck=1
> gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial 
> 
> [AppStream]
> name=AppStream
> baseurl=file:///misc/cd/AppStream
> enabled=1
> gpgcheck=1
> gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
> 
> [extras]
> name=extras
> baseurl=https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/os/
>         https://repo.huaweicloud.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/os/
>         https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/os/
> enabled=1
> gpgcheck=1
> gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
> 
> [epel]
> name=epel
> baseurl=https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/epel/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/
>         https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/epel/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/
>         https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/
> enabled=1
> gpgcheck=1
> gpgkey=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-8
> EOF

[root@CentOS8 yum.repos.d]# cat base.repo 
[baseOS]
name=baseOS
baseurl=file:///misc/cd/baseOS
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial 

[AppStream]
name=AppStream
baseurl=file:///misc/cd/AppStream
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial

[extras]
name=extras
baseurl=https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/os/
        https://repo.huaweicloud.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/os/
        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/os/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial

[epel]
name=epel
baseurl=https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/epel/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/epel/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/
        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-8

[root@CentOS8 yum.repos.d]# yum repolist all
repo id                                                                    repo name                                                                  status
AppStream                                                                  AppStream                                                                  enabled
baseOS                                                                     baseOS                                                                     enabled
epel                                                                       epel                                                                       enabled
extras                                                                     extras                                                                     enabled
[root@CentOS8 yum.repos.d]# 

[root@CentOS8 yum.repos.d]# ifconfig ens33
-bash: ifconfig: command not found
[root@CentOS8 yum.repos.d]# 
[root@CentOS8 yum.repos.d]# dnf install -y net-tools

[root@CentOS8 yum.repos.d]# rpm -qf `which ifconfig`
net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64
[root@CentOS8 yum.repos.d]# rpm -q net-tools
net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64

2、编译安装http2.4，实现可以正常访问，并将编译步骤和结果提交。

# 关闭防火墙和seLinux
[root@CentOS8 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@CentOS8 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld

[root@CentOS8 ~]# sed -i "s/(SELINUX=).*/1disabled/" /etc/selinux/config
[root@CentOS8 ~]# reboot


# 下载安装包
[root@CentOS8 ~]# wget -P /usr/local/src https://dlcdn.apache.org//httpd/httpd-2.4.52.tar.gz
[root@CentOS8 ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@CentOS8 src]# ls
httpd-2.4.52.tar.gz

# 解压文件
[root@CentOS8 src]# tar -xvf httpd-2.4.52.tar.gz  -C /usr/local/src


# 安装包
[root@CentOS8 httpd-2.4.52]# yum install -y gcc make apr-devel apr-util-devel pcre-devel openssl-devel redhat-rpm-config

# 配置
[root@CentOS8 src]# cd httpd-2.4.52
[root@CentOS8 httpd-2.4.52]# ./configure --prefix=/application/httpd --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --enable-ssl 

# 编译并安装
[root@CentOS8 httpd-2.4.52]# make && make install 

# 创建用户和组
[root@CentOS8 httpd-2.4.52]# getent group apache || groupadd -r -g 48 apache
[root@CentOS8 httpd-2.4.52]# getent passwd apache || useradd -r -u 48 -g apache -s /sbin/nologin  -M apache 

# 编辑配置文件
[root@CentOS8 httpd]# sed -i -e "s/^(User +).*/1apache/" -e "s/^(Group +).*/1apache/" /etc/httpd/httpd.conf

# 启动服务
[root@CentOS8 httpd]# cd /application/httpd/bin/
[root@CentOS8 bin]# ./apachectl start

[root@CentOS8 bin]# ps aux |grep apache
apache     41648  0.0  0.7 1339632 7660 ?        Sl   18:26   0:00 ./httpd -k start
apache     41649  0.0  0.7 1339632 7656 ?        Sl   18:26   0:00 ./httpd -k start
apache     41650  0.0  0.7 1339632 7660 ?        Sl   18:26   0:00 ./httpd -k start
root       41740  0.0  0.1  12136  1112 pts/0    S+   18:29   0:00 grep --color=auto apache

验证结果：

3. 利用sed 取出ifconfig命令中本机的IPv4地址

[root@CentOS8 yum.repos.d]# ifconfig ens33
ens33: flags=4163  mtu 1500
        inet 10.10.0.153  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 10.10.0.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:febc:10a6  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20
        ether 00:0c:29:bc:10:a6  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 15071  bytes 12793036 (12.2 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 10503  bytes 3703779 (3.5 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

[root@CentOS8 yum.repos.d]# ifconfig ens33|sed -n "s/.*inet +([0-9.]+).*/1/p"
10.10.0.153

4、删除/etc/fstab文件中所有以#开头，后面至少跟一个空白字符的行的行首的#和空白字符

[root@CentOS8 ~]# cat -A /etc/fstab
$
#$
# /etc/fstab$
# /etc/fstab$
# Created by anaconda on Fri Dec 10 07:56:44 2021$
# Created by anaconda on Fri Dec 10 07:56:44 2021$
#$
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'.$
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'.$
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info.$
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info.$
#$
# After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd$
# After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd$
# units generated from this file.$
# units generated from this file.$
#$
UUID=b9eae324-0632-43b8-86ab-2f7d879c4e99 /                       xfs     defaults        0 0$
UUID=74e4a264-93d2-43f1-8601-4acd2d0af0a6 /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0$
UUID=095caf33-bd53-4fc2-970a-0b6d0db4264a /data                   xfs     defaults        0 0$
UUID=2854a60b-c536-4a23-a76a-d80fdb7a6d6c none                    swap    defaults        0 0$



[root@CentOS8 ~]# sed -i.bak  "/^# +/s/^# +//" /etc/fstab

[root@CentOS8 ~]# cat -A  /etc/fstab
$
#$
/etc/fstab$
/etc/fstab$
Created by anaconda on Fri Dec 10 07:56:44 2021$
Created by anaconda on Fri Dec 10 07:56:44 2021$
#$
Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'.$
Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'.$
See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info.$
See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info.$
#$
After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd$
After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd$
units generated from this file.$
units generated from this file.$
#$
UUID=b9eae324-0632-43b8-86ab-2f7d879c4e99 /                       xfs     defaults        0 0$
UUID=74e4a264-93d2-43f1-8601-4acd2d0af0a6 /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0$
UUID=095caf33-bd53-4fc2-970a-0b6d0db4264a /data                   xfs     defaults        0 0$
UUID=2854a60b-c536-4a23-a76a-d80fdb7a6d6c none                    swap    defaults        0 0$

5、处理/etc/fstab路径,使用sed命令取出其目录名和基名

# 取/etc/fstab基名

# 方式一
[root@CentOS8 ~]# basename /etc/fstab
fstab

# 方式二
[root@CentOS8 ~]# echo /etc/fstab|sed -n "s#(.*)/(.*)#2#p"
fstab



# 取/etc/fstab目录名

# 方式一
[root@CentOS8 ~]# dirname /etc/fstab
/etc

# 方式二
[root@CentOS8 ~]# echo /etc/fstab|sed -n "s#(.*)/(.*)#1#p"
/etc