Spring MVC 请求处理流程
流程说明:
第⼀步:⽤户发送请求⾄前端控制器DispatcherServlet第⼆步:DispatcherServlet收到请求调⽤HandlerMapping处理器映射器第三步:处理器映射器根据请求Url找到具体的Handler(后端控制器),⽣成处理器对象及处理器拦截器(如果 有则⽣成)⼀并返回DispatcherServlet第四步:DispatcherServlet调⽤HandlerAdapter处理器适配器去调⽤Handler第五步:处理器适配器执⾏Handler第六步:Handler执⾏完成给处理器适配器返回ModelAndView第七步:处理器适配器向前端控制器返回 ModelAndView,ModelAndView 是SpringMVC 框架的⼀个底层对 象,包括 Model 和 View第⼋步:前端控制器请求视图解析器去进⾏视图解析,根据逻辑视图名来解析真正的视图。第九步:视图解析器向前端控制器返回View第⼗步:前端控制器进⾏视图渲染,就是将模型数据(在 ModelAndView 对象中)填充到 request - 域第⼗⼀步:前端控制器向⽤户响应结果
⼿写 MVC 框架
手写MVC框架之注解开发:
LagouAutowired
import java.lang.annotation.*;
@documented
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface LagouAutowired {
String value() default "";
}
LagouController
import java.lang.annotation.*;
@documented
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface LagouController {
String value() default "";
}
LagouService
import java.lang.annotation.*;
@documented
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface LagouService {
String value() default "";
}
LagouRequestMapping
import java.lang.annotation.*;
@documented
@Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface LagouRequestMapping {
String value() default "";
}
Pojo类Handler
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
public class Handler {
private Object controller; // method.invoke(obj,)
private Method method;
private Pattern pattern; // spring中url是⽀持正则的
private Map paramIndexMapping; // 参数顺序,是为了进⾏参数绑定,key是参数名,value代表是第⼏个参数
public Handler(Object controller, Method method, Pattern pattern) {
this.controller = controller;
this.method = method;
this.pattern = pattern;
this.paramIndexMapping = new HashMap<>();
}
public Object getController() {
return controller;
}
public void setController(Object controller) {
this.controller = controller;
}
public Method getMethod() {
return method;
}
public void setMethod(Method method) {
this.method = method;
}
public Pattern getPattern() {
return pattern;
}
public void setPattern(Pattern pattern) {
this.pattern = pattern;
}
public Map getParamIndexMapping() {
return paramIndexMapping;
}
public void setParamIndexMapping(Map paramIndexMapping) {
this.paramIndexMapping = paramIndexMapping;
}
}
web.xml
Archetype Created Web Application lgoumvc com.lagou.edu.mvcframework.servlet.LgDispatcherServlet contextConfigLocation springmvc.properties lgoumvc @Override public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException { // 1. 加载配置⽂件 springmvc.properties String contextConfigLocation = config.getInitParameter("contextConfigLocation"); doLoadConfig(contextConfigLocation); // 2. 扫描相关的类,扫描注解 doScan(properties.getProperty("scanPackage")); // 3. 初始化bean对象(实现ioc容器,基于注解) doInstance(); // 4. 实现依赖注⼊ ->属性赋值 doAutoWired(); // 5. 构造⼀个HandlerMapping处理器映射器,将配置好的url和Method建⽴映射关系 initHandlerMapping(); System.out.println("lagou mvc 初始化完成...."); // 等待请求进⼊,处理请求 } private void initHandlerMapping() { if (ioc.isEmpty()) { return; } for (Map.Entry entry : ioc.entrySet()) { // 获取ioc中当前遍历的对象的class类型 Class> aClass = entry.getValue().getClass(); // 只处理controller层,不处理service层 if (!aClass.isAnnotationPresent(LagouController.class)) { continue; } String baseUrl = ""; if (aClass.isAnnotationPresent(LagouRequestMapping.class)) { LagouRequestMapping annotation = aClass.getAnnotation(LagouRequestMapping.class); baseUrl = annotation.value(); // 等同于 /demo } // 获取⽅法 Method[] methods = aClass.getMethods(); for (int i = 0; i < methods.length; i++) { Method method = methods[i]; // ⽅法没有标识LagouRequestMapping,就不处理 if (!method.isAnnotationPresent(LagouRequestMapping.class)) { continue; } // 如果标识,就处理 LagouRequestMapping annotation = method.getAnnotation(LagouRequestMapping.class); String methodUrl = annotation.value(); // /query String url = baseUrl + methodUrl; // 计算出来的url /demo/query // 把method所有信息及url封装为⼀个Handler Handler handler = new Handler(entry.getValue(),method, Pattern.compile(url)); // 计算⽅法的参数位置信息 // query(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,String name) Parameter[] parameters = method.getParameters(); for (int j = 0; j < parameters.length; j++) { Parameter parameter = parameters[j]; if(parameter.getType() == HttpServletRequest.class || parameter.getType() == HttpServletResponse.class) { // 如果是request和response对象,那么参数名称写HttpServletRequest和HttpServletResponse handler.getParamIndexMapping().put(parameter.getType().getSimpleName(), j); } else { handler.getParamIndexMapping().put(parameter.getName(), j); // } } // 建⽴url和method之间的映射关系(map缓存起来) handlerMapping.add(handler); } } } private void doAutoWired() { if (ioc.isEmpty()) { return; } // 有对象,再进⾏依赖注⼊处理 // 遍历ioc中所有对象,查看对象中的字段,是否有@LagouAutowired注解,如果有需要维护依赖注⼊关系 for(Map.Entry entry: ioc.entrySet()) { // 获取bean对象中的字段信息 Field[] declaredFields = entry.getValue().getClass().getDeclaredFields(); // 遍历判断处理 for (int i = 0; i < declaredFields.length; i++) { Field declaredField = declaredFields[i]; // @LagouAutowired private IDemoService demoService; if (!declaredField.isAnnotationPresent(LagouAutowired.class)) { continue; } // 有该注解 LagouAutowired annotation = declaredField.getAnnotation(LagouAutowired.class); String beanName = annotation.value(); // 需要注⼊的bean的id if("".equals(beanName.trim())) { // 没有配置具体的bean id,那就需要根据当前字段类型注⼊(接⼝注⼊)IDemoService beanName = declaredField.getType().getName(); } // 开启赋值 declaredField.setAccessible(true); try { declaredField.set(entry.getValue(), ioc.get(beanName)); } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } private void doInstance() { if (classNames.size() == 0) return; try { for (int i = 0; i < classNames.size(); i++) { String className = classNames.get(i); // com.lagou.demo.controller.DemoController // 反射 Class> aClass = Class.forName(className); // 区分controller,区分service if(aClass.isAnnotationPresent(LagouController.class)) { // controller的id此处不做过多处理,不取value了,就拿类的⾸字⺟⼩写作为id,保存到ioc中 String simpleName = aClass.getSimpleName();// DemoController String lowerFirstSimpleName = lowerFirst(simpleName); // demoController Object o = aClass.newInstance(); ioc.put(lowerFirstSimpleName, o); } else if (aClass.isAnnotationPresent(LagouService.class)) { LagouService annotation = aClass.getAnnotation(LagouService.class); //获取注解value值 String beanName = annotation.value(); // 如果指定了id,就以指定的为准 if(!"".equals(beanName.trim())) { ioc.put(beanName, aClass.newInstance()); } else { // 如果没有指定,就以类名⾸字⺟⼩写 beanName = lowerFirst(aClass.getSimpleName()); ioc.put(beanName, aClass.newInstance()); } // service层往往是有接⼝的,⾯向接⼝开发,此时再以接⼝名为id,放⼊⼀份对象到ioc中,便于后期根据接⼝类型注⼊ Class>[] interfaces = aClass.getInterfaces(); for (int j = 0; j < interfaces.length; j++) { Class> anInterface = interfaces[j]; // 以接⼝的全限定类名作为id放⼊ ioc.put(anInterface.getName(), aClass.newInstance()); } } else { continue; } } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public String lowerFirst(String str) { char[] chars = str.toCharArray(); if ('A' <= chars[0] && chars[0] <= 'Z') { chars[0] += 32; } return String.valueOf(chars); } private void doScan(String scanPackage) { String scanPackagePath = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResource("").getPath() + scanPackage.replaceAll("\.", "/"); File pack = new File(scanPackagePath); File[] files = pack.listFiles(); for (File file : files) { if (file.isDirectory()) { // ⼦package // 递归 doScan(scanPackage + "." + file.getName()); // com.lagou.demo.controller } else if (file.getName().endsWith(".class")) { String className = scanPackage + "." + file.getName().replaceAll(".class", ""); classNames.add(className); } } } private void doLoadConfig(String contextConfigLocation) { InputStream resourceAsStream = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(contextConfigLocation); try { properties.load(resourceAsStream); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { doPost(req, resp); } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { // 处理请求:根据url,找到对应的Method⽅法,进⾏调⽤ // 获取uri //String requestURI = req.getRequestURI(); //Method method = handlerMapping.get(requestURI); // 获取到⼀个反射的⽅法 // 反射调⽤,需要传⼊对象,需要传⼊参数,此处无法完成调⽤,没有把对象缓存起来,也没有参数!!!!改造initHandlerMapping(); // method.invoke() // 根据uri获取到能够处理当前请求的hanlder(从handlermapping中(list)) Handler handler = getHandler(req); if (handler == null) { resp.getWriter().write("404 not found"); return; } // 参数绑定 // 获取所有参数类型数组,这个数组的⻓度就是我们最后要传⼊的args数组的⻓度 Class>[] parameterTypes = handler.getMethod().getParameterTypes(); // 根据上述数组⻓度创建⼀个新的数组(参数数组,是要传⼊反射调⽤的) Object[] paraValues = new Object[parameterTypes.length]; // 以下就是为了向参数数组中塞值,⽽且还得保证参数的顺序和⽅法中形参顺序⼀致 Map parameterMap = req.getParameterMap(); // 遍历request中所有参数 (填充除了request,response之外的参数) for(Map.Entry param: parameterMap.entrySet()) { // name=1&name=2 name [1,2] String value = StringUtils.join(param.getValue(), ","); // 如同 1,2 // 如果参数和⽅法中的参数匹配上了,填充数据 if (!handler.getParamIndexMapping().containsKey(param.getKey())) { continue; } // ⽅法形参确实有该参数,找到它的索引位置,对应的把参数值放⼊paraValues Integer index = handler.getParamIndexMapping().get(param.getKey()); //name在第 2 个位置 paraValues[index] = value; // 把前台传递过来的参数值填充到对应的位置去 } //request,response对象直接取出就可以 int requestIndex = handler.getParamIndexMapping().get(HttpServletRequest.class.getSimpleName());// 0 paraValues[requestIndex] = req; int responseIndex = handler.getParamIndexMapping().get(HttpServletResponse.class.getSimpleName());// 1 paraValues[responseIndex] = resp; // 最终调⽤handler的method属性 try { // Pojo类Handler handler.getMethod().invoke(handler.getController(), paraValues); } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InvocationTargetException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } private Handler getHandler(HttpServletRequest req) { if (handlerMapping.isEmpty()) { return null; } String url = req.getRequestURI(); for (Handler handler : handlerMapping) { Matcher matcher = handler.getPattern().matcher(url); if (!matcher.matches()) { continue; } return handler; } return null; } }
Spring MVC请求参数绑定
默认⽀持 Servlet API 作为⽅法参数
绑定简单类型参数
简单数据类型:⼋种基本数据类型及其包装类型
参数类型推荐使⽤包装数据类型,因为基础数据类型不可以为null
整型:Integer、int
字符串:String
单精度:Float、float
双精度:Double、double
布尔型:Boolean、boolean
说明:对于布尔类型的参数,请求的参数值为true或false。或者1或0
@RequestMapping("/handle03")
public ModelAndView handle03(@RequestParam("ids") Integer id,Boolean flag) {
Date date = new Date();
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
modelAndView.addObject("date",date);
modelAndView.setViewName("success");
return modelAndView;
}
绑定Pojo包装对象参数
@RequestMapping("/handle04")
public ModelAndView handle04(User user) {
Date date = new Date();
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
modelAndView.addObject("date",date);
modelAndView.setViewName("success");
return modelAndView;
}
绑定日期类型参数(需要配置自定义类型转换器)
1.DateConverter.java:
import org.springframework.core.convert.converter.Converter; import java.text.ParseException; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Date; public class DateConverter implements Converter{ @Override public Date convert(String source) { // 完成字符串向日期的转换 SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"); try { Date parse = simpleDateFormat.parse(source); return parse; } catch (ParseException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return null; } }
2.springmvc.xml中:
3.controller类中的方法使用:
@RequestMapping("/handle06")
public ModelAndView handle06(Date birthday) {
Date date = new Date();ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
modelAndView.addObject("date",date);
modelAndView.setViewName("success");
return modelAndView;
}
Restful 风格请求
@RequestMapping(value = "/handle/{id}/{name}",method = {RequestMethod.GET})
public ModelAndView handlePut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id,@PathVariable("name") String username) {
Date date = new Date();
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
modelAndView.addObject("date",date);
modelAndView.setViewName("success");
return modelAndView;
}
Ajax Json交互
1)前端到后台:前端ajax发送json格式字符串,后台直接接收为pojo参数,使⽤注解@RequstBody
2)后台到前端:后台直接返回pojo对象,前端直接接收为json对象或者字符串,使⽤注解@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping("/handle07")
// 添加@ResponseBody之后,不再走视图解析器那个流程,而是等同于response直接输出数据
public @ResponseBody User handle07(@RequestBody User user) {
// 业务逻辑处理,修改name为张三丰
user.setName("张三丰");
return user;
}



