Note: The XOR-sum of set {s1,s2,…,sm} is defined as s1⊕s2⊕…⊕sm, where ⊕ denotes the bitwise XOR operation.
After almost winning IOI, Victor bought himself an n×n grid containing integers in each cell. n is an even integer. The integer in the cell in the i-th row and j-th column is ai,j.
Sadly, Mihai stole the grid from Victor and told him he would return it with only one condition: Victor has to tell Mihai the XOR-sum of all the integers in the whole grid.
Victor doesn’t remember all the elements of the grid, but he remembers some information about it: For each cell, Victor remembers the XOR-sum of all its neighboring cells.
Two cells are considered neighbors if they share an edge — in other words, for some integers 1≤i,j,k,l≤n, the cell in the i-th row and j-th column is a neighbor of the cell in the k-th row and l-th column if |i−k|=1 and j=l, or if i=k and |j−l|=1.
To get his grid back, Victor is asking you for your help. Can you use the information Victor remembers to find the XOR-sum of the whole grid?
It can be proven that the answer is unique.
把取每个格子的贡献看做给它四面八方的格子染色(0,1染色,0染成1,1染成0),目标是把所有格子染成1。
从第二行开始,按顺序遍历。
对于每一个方格(i,j),如果它的上一个方格没有被染色,那么只能通过计算这个方格的贡献来对其染色。
#includeusing namespace std; #define maxn ((int)1e3) int a[maxn+5][maxn+5],g[maxn+5][maxn+5]; int main() { int T; cin>>T; while(T--) { int n; cin>>n; for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) for(int j=1;j<=n;j++) cin>>a[i][j]; for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) for(int j=1;j<=n;j++) g[i][j]=0; int ans=0; for(int i=2;i<=n;i++) { for(int j=1;j<=n;j++) { if(g[i-1][j]==0) { g[i-1][j]^=1,g[i+1][j]^=1,g[i][j-1]^=1,g[i][j+1]^=1; ans=ans^a[i][j]; } } } cout<



