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名师互学网 > IT > 软件开发 > 后端开发 > Java

JAVA OOP

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JAVA OOP

1.类和对象的创建
public class 类和对象的创建 {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//2、创建Person类的对象
	Person p1=new Person();
	//Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);

	//调用对象的结构:属性、方法
	//调用属性:“对象.属性”
	p1.name="Tom";
	p1.isMale=true;
	System.out.println(p1.name);	
	//调用方法:“对象.方法”
	p1.eat();
	p1.sleep();
	p1.talk("Chease");

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	Person p2=new Person();
	System.out.println(p2.name);//Tom? null?报错?
	System.out.println(p2.isMale);
//将怕变量保存的对象地址赋值给p3,导致p1和p3指向了堆空间的同一个对象实体			
	Person p3=p1;
	System.out.println(p3.name);//Tom
	
	p3.age=10;
	System.out.println(p1.age);//10
	}
}
//1、创建类、设计类的成员
class Person{
	//属性
	String name;
	int age;
	boolean isMale;
	//方法
	public void eat() {
		System.out.println("吃饭");
	}
	public void sleep() {
		System.out.println("睡觉");
	}
	public void talk(String language) {
		System.out.println("说话");
	}
}
2.匿名对象的使用
package javaOOP;

public class 匿名对象的使用 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
	Phone p=new Phone();
	System.out.println(p);
	p.sendEmail();
	p.playGame();
	
	//匿名对象
//	new Phone().sendEmail();
//	new Phone().playGame();
	
	new Phone().price=1999;
	new Phone().showPrice();//0.0
//--------------------------------------------------------
	PhoneMall mall=new PhoneMall();
	mall.show(new Phone());
}
}

class PhoneMall{
	public void show(Phone phone) {
		phone.sendEmail();
		//匿名对象的使用
		phone.playGame();
	}
}

class Phone{
	double price;
	public void sendEmail() {
		System.out.println("发送邮件");
	}
	public void playGame() {a
		System.out.println("玩游戏");
	}
	public void showPrice() {
		System.out.println("手机价格为"+price);
	}
}
面向对象程序设计的重点是类的设计
  * 一、设计类就是设计类的成员。
    *  属性=成员变量=field=域、字段
       方法=成员方法=函数=method
     *  创建类的对象=类的实例化=实例化类
     *  
     *  二、类和对象的使用(面向对象思想落地实现)
     *  (1)创建类,设计类的成员
     *  (2)创建类的对象
     *  (3)通过“对象.属性”或“对象.方法”调用对象结构
     *  
     *  三、如果创建了一个类的多个对象,则每个对象都独立的拥有一套类的属性(非static的)
     *  意味着:如果我们修改一个对象的属性a,则不影响另外一个对象属性a的值
     *  
     *  4、对象的创建和使用:内存解析
     *  堆:存放对象实例
     *  栈:存储局部变量
     *  方法区:存储已被虚拟机加载的类信息、常量、静态变量、即时编译器编译后的代码等数据
        */
3.方法的使用与声明
public class 方法的使用与声明 {
      public static void main(String[] args) {
    	  Customer cust1=new Customer();
    	  cust1.eat();
      }
}
//客户类
class Customer{
	//属性
	String name;
	int age;
	boolean isMale;
    
	//方法
	public void eat() {
		System.out.println("客户吃顿饭");
	}
	public void sleep(int hour) {
		System.out.println("休息了"+hour+"个小时");
	}
	public String getName(){
		return name;
	}
	public String getNation(String nation) {
		return nation;
	}
}
类中方法的声明和使用
 * 方法:描述类应该具有的功能
 * 比如:Math类,sqrt()random()
 * Scanner类:nextXxx()...
 * Arrays类:sort()binarySearch()toString().....
 * 
 * 1、举例
 * public void eat() {}              //无返回值
 * public void sleep(int hour) {}    //无返回值
 * public String getName(){}         //返回字符串
 * public String getNation() {}      //返回字符串
 * 
 * 2、方法的声明:权限修饰符 返回值类型 方法名(形参列表){
 * 方法体;
 * }
 * staticfinalabstract来修饰方法,后面讲
   *
 * 3、说明
 * 3.1关于权限修饰符:
 * Java规定的4种权限权限修饰符:private、public、缺省、protected
 * 3.2返回值类型:有返回值 vs 无返回值
 * 3.2.1如果方法有返回值,则必须在方法声明时,指定返回值的类型。同时方法中,需要使用return关键字来返回指定类型的变量或常量。
 * 如果方法没有返回值,则方法声明,使用void来表示。通常没有返回值的方法中,就不需要return。或者return;
 * 3.3.2我们定义方法该不该有返回值?
 * (1)看题目要求
 * (2)
 * 3.3方法名:属于标识符,遵循标识符的规则和规范:"见名知意"
 * 3.4形参列表:方法可以声明0个、1个或多个形参
 * 3.4.1格式:数据类型1 形参1,数据类型2 形参2,....
 * 3.4.2我们定义方法时,该不该定义形参?
 * (1)题目要求
 * (2)凭经验
 * 3.5方法体:方法功能的体现。

 

4.属性的使用
public class 属性的使用 {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		User u1=new User();
		System.out.println(u1.name);
		System.out.println(u1.age);
		System.out.println(u1.isMale);
		
		u1.talk("日语");
		u1.eat();
	}
}
class User{
	//属性(或局部变量)
	String name;
	int age;
	boolean isMale;
	
	public void talk(String language) {//language:形参,也是局部变量
		System.out.println("我们使用"+language+"进行交流");
	}
	public void eat() {
		String food="烙饼";//局部变量
		System.out.println("北方人喜欢吃"+food);
	}
}
类中属性的使用
 * 属性(成员变量)vs 局部变量
 * 一、相同点
 * 1.1定义变量的格式相同:数据类型 变量名=变量值
 * 1.2先声明,后使用
 * 1.3变量都有其对应的作用域
 * 
 * 二、不同点
 * 2.1在类中声明的位置不同
 * 属性:直接定义在类的一对{}内
 * 局部变量:声明在方法内、方法形参、代码块内、构造器形参、构造器内的部的变量
 * 2.2关于权限修饰符的不同
 * 属性:可以在声明属性时,指明其权限,使用权限修饰符
 * 常用的权限修饰符:private、public、缺省、protected--->封装性
 * 目前,声明属性时,都是以缺省
 * 局部变量(方法里):不可以使用权限修饰符
 * 2.3默认初始化值的情况:
 * 属性:类的属性,根据其类型,都有默认初始化值
 * 整型(byte、short、int、long):0
 * 浮点型(float、double):0.0
 * 字符型(char):0或'u0000'
 * 布尔型(boolean):false
 * 
 * 局部变量:没有默认的初始化值。所以,在调用局部变量之前,一定要显式赋值
 * 特别的:形参在调用时,我们赋值即可
 * 2.4在内存中加载的位置:
 * 属性:加载到堆空间(非static)
 * 局部变量:加载到栈空间
5.方法的重载
package javaOOP;


public class OverLoadTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		OverLoadTest test=new OverLoadTest();
		test.getSum(1,2);
	}
public void getSum(int i,int j) {
	System.out.println("1");
}
public void getSum(double d1,double d2) {
	System.out.println("2");
}
public void getSum(String s,int i) {
	System.out.println("3");
}
public void getSum(int i,String s) {
	System.out.println("4");
}
//public int getSum(int i,int j) {
//	return 0;
//}
//public void getSum(int m,int n) {
//	
//}
//private void getSum(int i,int j) {
//	return 0;
//}
}
6.可变个数形参的方法
package javaOOP;

public class MethodArgsTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		MethodArgsTest test=new MethodArgsTest();
		test.show(12);
		test.show("hello");
	}
	public void show(int i) {
		
	}
	public void show(String s) {
		System.out.println("show(String)");
	}
	public void show(String...strs) {
		System.out.println("show(sTring...strs)");
	}   
//	public void show(String[] strs) {
//		
//	}   编译器认为这种方式和上面那一种是一样的,这两个方法不可共存

//    public void show(String...strs,int i) {
//    	这样写错误,不能把可变个数String...strs放在前面
//    }
}
7.关于变量的赋值
package javaOOP;

public class ValueTransferTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
	int m=10;
	int n=m;
	System.out.println("m="+m+",n="+n);
	n=20;
	System.out.println("m="+m+",n="+n);
System.out.println("-----------引用数据类型---------------------------------------------");
	
    Order o1=new Order();
	o1.orderId=1001;
	
	Order o2=o1;//赋值以后o1和o2的地址值相同,都指向了堆空间中同一个对象实体
	System.out.println("o1.orderId="+o1.orderId+",o2.orderId="+o2.orderId);
	o2.orderId=1002;
	System.out.println("o1.orderId="+o1.orderId+",o2.orderId="+o2.orderId);
}
}
class Order{
	int orderId;
}
8.方法形参的传递机制:值传递
package javaOOP;

public class ValueTransferTest1 {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		int m=10;
		int n=20;
		System.out.println("m="+m+",n="+n);
		//交换两个变量的值的操作
//		int temp=m;
//		m=n;
//		n=temp;
		
		ValueTransferTest1 test1=new ValueTransferTest1();
		test1.swap(m, n);
		System.out.println("m="+m+",n="+n);
	}
public void swap(int m,int n) {
	int temp=m;
	m=n;
	n=temp;
}
}
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    package javaOOP;

public class ValueTransferTest2 {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Data data=new Data();
		data.m=10;
		data.n=20;
		System.out.println("m="+data.m+",n="+data.n);
		//交换m和n的值
//		int temp=data.m;
//		data.m=data.n;
//		data.n=data.temp;
		
	
		ValueTransferTest2 test=new ValueTransferTest2();
		test.swap(data);
		
		System.out.println("m="+data.m+",n="+data.n);
		
	}
	public void swap(Data data) {
		int temp=data.m;
		data.m=data.n;
		data.n=data.temp;
	}
}
class Data{
	int m;
	int n;
	int temp;
}
9.递归方法的使用

 

package javaOOP;

   public class RecursionTest {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
   //例1:计算1-100之间所有自然数的和
   	//方式一做法
   	int sum=0;
   	for(int i=1;i<=100;i++) {
   		sum +=i;
   	System.out.println(sum);
   	}
   	RecursionTest test=new RecursionTest();
   	int sum1=test.getSum(100);
   	System.out.println(sum1);
   }
      //方式二
   public int getSum(int n){
   	if(n==1) {
   		return 1;
   	}else {
   		return n+getSum(n-1);
   	}
   }
   }
10.封装与隐藏
package 封装与隐藏;


   public class AnimalTest {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
   	Animal  a =new Animal();
   	        a.name="大黄";
   //		a.age=1;
   //		a.legs=4;
   	         a.show();
   	

//		a.legs=-4;
//		a.setLegs(6);
		a.setLegs(-6);
		a.show();
		System.out.println(a.name);
	}
}
class Animal{
	String name;
	private int age;
	private int legs;//私有,上面无法调用了,
	
	//对属性的设置
	public void setLegs(int l) {
		if(l>=0&&l%2==0) {
			legs=l;
		}else {
			legs=0;//对legs进行一个封装,无法直接调用,可通过接口调用,通过setLegs
		}
	}
	
	//对属性的获取
	public int getLegs() {
		return legs;
	}
	
	public void eat() {
		System.out.println("动物进食");
	}
	public void show() {
		System.out.println("name="+name+",age="+age+",legs="+legs);
	}
	
	//提供关于属性age的get和set方法
	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(int a) {
		age=a;
	}

}
package 封装与隐藏;
public class Person {
private int age;
public void setAge(int a) {
	if(a<0||a>130) {
		System.out.println("传入的数据非法");
		return;
	}
	age=a;
}
public int getAge() {
	return age;
}

//绝对不要这样写
//public int doAge(int a) {
//	age=a;
//	return age;
//}
}
//===================================================================================================
package 封装与隐藏;
public class PersonTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
	Person p1=new Person();
//	p1.age=1; 编译不通过
	
	p1.setAge(12);
	System.out.println("年龄为"+p1.getAge());
}
}
package 封装与隐藏;
public class Order {
	private int orderprivate;
	int orderDefault;
	public int orderPublic;
	
	private void methodprivate() {
		orderprivate=1;
		orderDefault=2;
		orderPublic=3;
	}
	void methoddefault() {
		orderprivate=1;
		orderDefault=2;
		orderPublic=3;
	}
	public void methodpublic() {
		orderprivate=1;
		orderDefault=2;
		orderPublic=3;
	}
}
//=================================================================================================
package 封装与隐藏;
public class OrderTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
	Order order=new Order();
	order.orderDefault=1;
	order.orderPublic=2;
	//出了Order类之后(或者出了Order类所属的包之后),私有的结构不可以调用
//	order.orderprivate=3;      //The field Order.orderprivate is not 
	
	order.methoddefault();
	order.methodpublic();
	//出了Order类之后,私有结构不可调用
//	order.methodprivate();    //The method methodprivate() from the type Order is not visible
}
}
11.构造器
package 构造器;

public class PersonTest {
     public static void main(String[] args) {
	//创建类的对象:new+构造器
	Person person=new Person();
	person.eat();
	
	Person p1=new Person("Tom");
	System.out.println(p1.name);
}
}
class Person{
	//属性
	String name;
	int age;
	
	//构造器     
	public Person() {
		System.out.println("person()...");
	}
	
	public Person(String n) {
		name=n;
	}
	
	public Person(String n,int a) {
		name=n;
		age=a;
	}
	
	//方法
	public void eat() {
		System.out.println("人吃饭");
	}
	public void study() {
		System.out.println("人可以学习");
	}
}
package 构造器;

public class TriAngle {
	private double base;
	private double height;
	
	public TriAngle() {
		
	}
	public TriAngle(double b,double h) {
		base=b;
		height=h;
	}
	
	public void setbase(double b) {
		base =b;
	}
	public double getbase() {
		return base;
	}
	public void setHeight(double h) {
		height=h;
	}
	public double getHeight() {
		return height;
	}
}
//===================================================================================================
package 构造器;
public class TriAngleTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
	TriAngle t1=new TriAngle();
	t1.setbase(2.0);
	t1.setHeight(2.4);
//	t1.base=2.5   The field TriAngle.base is not visible
//	t1.height=4.3
	System.out.println("base"+t1.getbase()+"height"+t1.getHeight());
	
	//调一个带参的,构造器一方面可以用来创造对象,同时也可以进行一个赋值操作
	TriAngle t2=new TriAngle(5.1,5.6);
	System.out.println("base:"+t2.getbase()+"height:"+t2.getHeight());
}
}
12.JavaBean
package javaBean;

public class Customer {
	private int id;
	private String name;
	
	public Customer() {
	//提供空参构造器	
	}
	public void setId(int i) {
		id=i;
	}
	public int getId(){
		return id;
	}
	public void setName(String n) {
		name=n;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
}

 

13.关键字:this的使用
package this关键字;

public class PersonTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Person p1=new Person();
		p1.setAge(1);
		System.out.println(p1.getAge() );
		p1.eat();
	}
}
class Person{
	private String name;
	private int age;
	
	public void setName(String name) {
//		name=name;
		this.name=name;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setAge(int age) {
//		age=age; 属性跟形参重名了
		this.age=age;//当前对象的age(.后面不是属性就是方法)
	}
	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}
//==========================================
	public void eat() {
		System.out.println("人吃饭");
//		study();或者this.study
		this.study();  //方法中再调方法,这里的this是p1
	}
	public  void study() {
		System.out.println("人学习");
	}
}
package javaExample;
public class Account {
	//属性
	private int id;//账号
	private double balance;//余额
	private double annualInterestRate;//年利率
	//构造器
	public Account(int id, double balance, double annualInterestRate) {
		this.id = id;
		this.balance = balance;
		this.annualInterestRate = annualInterestRate;
	}
	//方法
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public double getBalance() {
		return balance;
	}
	public void setBalance(double balance) {
		this.balance = balance;
	}
	public double getAnnualInterestRate() {
		return annualInterestRate;
	}
	public void setAnnualInterestRate(double annualInterestRate) {
		this.annualInterestRate = annualInterestRate;
	}
	public void withdraw(double amount) {//取钱
		if(balance0) {
			balance+=amount;
			System.out.println("成功存入"+amount);
		}
	}
}
//==================================================================================================
package javaExample;
public class Customer {
	private String firstName;
	private String lastName;
	private Account account;
	
	public Customer(String f,String l) {
		this.firstName=f;
		this.lastName=l;
	}
	public Account getAccount() {
		return account;
	}
	public void setAccount(Account account) {
		this.account=account;
	}
	public String getLastName() {
		return lastName;
	}
	public String getfirstName(){
		return firstName;
	}
}
//===================================================================================================
package javaExample;

public class CustomerTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Customer cust=new Customer("Jane","Smith");
		Account acct=new Account(1000, 2000, 0.0123);
		
		cust.setAccount(acct);
		cust.getAccount().deposit(100);
		cust.getAccount().withdraw(960);
		cust.getAccount().withdraw(2000);
		System.out.println("Customer["+cust.getLastName()+","
		+cust.getfirstName()+"count: id is"+ cust.getAccount().getId()
		+",annualInterestRate is"+cust.getAccount().getAnnualInterestRate()*100
		+"%,balance is"+cust.getAccount().getBalance());
	}
}
14.package关键字的使用
 
15.eclipse常用快捷键 
 
16.面向对象之继承性 

 

package 面向对象之继承性;
public class Creature {
	public void breath() {
		System.out.println("呼吸");
	}
}
//===============================================================================================
package 面向对象之继承性;
public class Person extends Creature {
   String name;
	int age;
	public Person() {
		
	}
	public Person(String name ,int age) {
		this.name=name;
		this.age=age;
	}
	public void eat() {
		System.out.println("吃饭");
	}
	public void sleep() {
		System.out.println("睡觉");
	}
}
//================================================================================================
package 面向对象之继承性;
public class Student extends Person {
//	String name;
//	int age;
	String major;

	public Student() {
		
	}
	
	public  Student(String name,int age,String major){
		this.name=name;
		this.age=age;
		this.major=major;
	}
//	public void eat() {
//		System.out.println("吃饭");
//	}
//	public void sleep() {
//		System.out.println("睡觉");
//	}
	public void study() {
		System.out.println("学习");
	}
	public void show() {
		System.out.println("name"+ name+"age"+age);
	}
}
//==================================================================================================
package 面向对象之继承性;

public class ExtendsTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Person p1=new Person();
		p1.age=1;
		p1.eat();
		 
		Student s1=new Student();
		s1.age=3;
		s1.eat();
		s1.sleep();
		s1.name="Tom";
		s1.breath();
	}
}

 

继承练习题
package 练习2;

public class ManKind {
	//属性
	private int sex;
	private int salary;
	//一个空的构造器
	public ManKind() {
		
	}
	//构造器
	public ManKind(int sex, int salary) {
		this.sex = sex;
		this.salary = salary;
	}
	//方法
	public void manOrWoman() {
		if(sex==1) {
			System.out.println("man");
		}else if(sex==0) {
			System.out.println("Woman");
		}
	}
	public void employeed() {
		if(salary==0) {
			System.out.println("no job");
		}else {
			System.out.println("job");
		}
	}
	//或
//	String jobInfo=(salary==0)?"no job":"job";
//	System.out.println(jobInfo);
	public int getSex() {
		return sex;
	}
	public void setSex(int sex) {
		this.sex = sex;
	}
	public int getSalary() {
		return salary;
	}
	public void setSalary(int salary) {
		this.salary = salary;
	}
}
//===================================================================================================
package 练习2;

public class Kids extends ManKind{
	//属性
	private int yearsold;
	//无参的构造器
	public Kids() {
		
	}
	//构造器
	public Kids(int yearsold) {
		
		this.yearsold = yearsold;
	}
	//get set 方法
	public int getYearsold() {
		return yearsold;
	}
	public void setYearsold(int yearsold) {
		this.yearsold = yearsold;
	}
    //打印输出
	public void printAge() {
		System.out.println("I am"+yearsold+"yearsold");
	}
}
//===================================================================================================
package 练习2;

public class KidsTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Kids someKid=new Kids(12);
		someKid.printAge();
		
		someKid.setSalary(0);
		someKid.setSex(1);
		someKid.employeed();
		someKid.manOrWoman();
	}
}
package 练习3;
public class Circle {
	private double radius;
	public Circle () {
		radius=1.0;
	}
	public double getRadius() {
		return radius;
	}
	
	public void setRadius(double radius) {
		this.radius = radius;
	}
	
	public double findArea() {
		return Math.PI*radius*radius;
	}
	
}
//===================================================================================================
package 练习3;
public class Cylinder extends Circle {
	private double length;
	public Cylinder() {
		length=1.0;
	}
	
	public double getLength() {
		return length;
	}
	public void setLength(double length) {
		this.length = length;
	}
	
	//返回圆柱的体积
	public double findVolume() {
		return Math.PI*getRadius()*getLength();
		//或 return findArea()*getLength();
	}
}
//===================================================================================================
package 练习3;
public class CylinderTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Cylinder cy=new Cylinder();
		cy.setRadius(2.1);
		cy.setLength(3.4);
		double volume=cy.findVolume();
		System.out.println("圆柱的体积为"+volume);
		
		double area=cy.findArea();
		System.out.println("底面圆的面积:"+area);
	}
}
17.方法的重写
package 方法的重写;
public class Person {
	String name;
	int age;
	
	public Person(){
		
	}
	public Person(String name,int age) {
		this.name=name;
		this.age=age;
	}
	public void eat() {
		System.out.println("吃饭");
	}
	public void walk(int distance) {
		System.out.println("走路,走的距离是:"+distance+"公里");
	}
	
	private void show() {
		System.out.println("我是一个人");
	}
}
//==================================================================================================
package 方法的重写;
public class Student extends Person{
	String major;
	public Student() {
		
	}
	public Student(String major) {
		this.major=major;
	}
	public void study() {
		System.out.println("学习,专业是"+major);
	}
	//重写了父类中的eat方法
	public void eat() {
		System.out.println("学生应该多吃有营养的食物");
	}
	private void show() {
		System.out.println("我是一个学生");
	}
}
//=================================================================================================
package 方法的重写;

public class PersonTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
	Student s=new Student("计算机科学与技术");
	s.eat();
	s.walk(10);
	s.study();
}
}
package 重写练习题1;

public class Kids extends ManKind {
	//属性
		private int yearsold;
		//无参的构造器
		public Kids() {
			
		}
		//构造器
		public Kids(int yearsold) {
			
			this.yearsold = yearsold;
		}
		//get set 方法
		public int getYearsold() {
			return yearsold;
		}
		public void setYearsold(int yearsold) {
			this.yearsold = yearsold;
		}
		
	    //打印输出
		public void printAge() {
			System.out.println("I am"+yearsold+"yearsold");
		}

		public void employeed() {
			System.out.println("Kids should study and no job");
		}
		
}
//===================================================================================================
package 重写练习题1;

public class ManKind {
	//属性
		private int sex;
		private int salary;
		//一个空的构造器
		public ManKind() {
			
		}
		//构造器
		public ManKind(int sex, int salary) {
			this.sex = sex;
			this.salary = salary;
		}
		//方法
		public void manOrWoman() {
			if(sex==1) {
				System.out.println("man");
			}else if(sex==0) {
				System.out.println("Woman");
			}
		}
		public void employeed() {
			if(salary==0) {
				System.out.println("no job");
			}else {
				System.out.println("job");
			}
		}
		//或
//		String jobInfo=(salary==0)?"no job":"job";
//		System.out.println(jobInfo);
		public int getSex() {
			return sex;
		}
		public void setSex(int sex) {
			this.sex = sex;
		}
		public int getSalary() {
			return salary;
		}
		public void setSalary(int salary) {
			this.salary = salary;
		}
}
//==================================================================================================
package 重写练习题1;

public class KidsTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Kids someKid=new Kids(12);
		someKid.printAge(); 
		
		someKid.setSalary(0);
		someKid.setSex(1);
		someKid.manOrWoman();
		someKid.employeed();
	}
}
18.super关键字
package super关键字;
public class Person {
	String name;
	int age;
	int id=1001;
	public Person(){
		
	}
	public Person(String namString) {
		this.name=name;
	}
	public Person(String name,int age) {
	    this(name);
		this.age=age;
	}
	public void eat() {
		System.out.println("人,吃饭");
	}
	public void walk() {
		System.out.println("人走了");
	}
}
//=================================================================================================
package super关键字;
public class Student extends Person {
	String major;
	int id=1002;
	public Student() {
		
	}
	public Student(String najor) {
		this.major=major;
	}
	public Student(String name,int age,String major) {
//		this.name=name;
//		this.age=age;
		super(name,age);
		this.major =major;
	
		
	}
	public void eat() {
		System.out.println("学生吃有营养的食物");
	}
	public void study() {
		System.out.println("好好学习,天天向上");
		this.eat();
		super.eat();
		this.walk();
	}
	public void show() {
		System.out.println("name"+this.name+"age"+age);
		System.out.println("id="+id);//省略的是this.id   1002
		System.out.println("id="+super.id);//1001  子父类中出现同名的属性,为了去区分需要显示的使用super.来表示调用的父类的属性
	}
	
}
//===================================================================================================
package super关键字;

public class SuperTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Student s=new Student();
		s.show();
		s.study();
		
		Student s1=new Student("Tom",21,"IT");
		s1.show();
	}
}
package 继承和super课后练习;
public class Account {
	private int id;//账号
	private double balance;//余额
	private double annualInterestRate;//年利率
	public Account(int id, double balance, double annualInterestRate) {
		super();
		this.id = id;
		this.balance = balance;
		this.annualInterestRate = annualInterestRate;
	}
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public double getBalance() {
		return balance;
	}
	public void setBalance(double balance) {
		this.balance = balance;
	}
	public double getAnnualInterestRate() {
		return annualInterestRate;
	}
	public void setAnnualInterestRate(double annualInterestRate) {
		this.annualInterestRate = annualInterestRate;
	}
	//返回月利率
	public double getMonthlyInterest() {
		return annualInterestRate/12;
	}
	//取钱
	public void withdraw(double amount) {
		if(balance>=amount) {
			balance-=amount;
			return;
		}
		System.out.println("余额不足");
	}
	//存钱
	public void deposit(double amount) {
		if(amount>0) {
			balance += amount;
		}
	}
}
//===================================================================================================
package 继承和super课后练习;

public class AccountTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Account acct=new Account(1122, 20000, 0.045);
		acct.withdraw(30000);
		System.out.println("您的账户余额为:"+acct.getBalance());
		acct.withdraw(2500);
		System.out.println("您的账户余额为:"+acct.getBalance());
		acct.deposit(3000);
		System.out.println("您的账户余额为:"+ acct.getBalance());
	}
}
//=================================================================================================
package 继承和super课后练习;

public class CheckAccount extends Account {
	private double overdraft;//可透支限额
	
	public CheckAccount(int id, double balance, double annualInterestRate,double overdraft) {
		super(id, balance, annualInterestRate);
		this.overdraft=overdraft;
	}
	
	public double getOverdraft() {
		return overdraft;
	}

	public void setOverdraft(double overdraft) {
		this.overdraft = overdraft;
	}

	public void withdraw(double amount) {//余额足够消费
		if(getBalance()>=amount) { 
			//方式一
			//setBalance(getBalance()-amount);
			//方式二
			super.withdraw(amount);
		}else if (overdraft >= amount-getBalance()) //透支额度+余额足够消费
		{
			overdraft -= amount;
		    //setBalance(0); 或
		    super.withdraw(getBalance());
		}else {
			System.out.println("超过可透支限额!");
		}
			
		
	}
}
//==================================================================================================
package 继承和super课后练习;

public class CheckAccountTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		CheckAccount acct =new CheckAccount(1122, 20000, 0.045, 5000);
		acct.withdraw(5000);
		System.out.println("您的账户余额为:" + acct.getBalance());
		System.out.println("您的可透支额度为:"+ acct.getOverdraft());
		acct.withdraw(18000);
		System.out.println("您的账户余额为:" + acct.getBalance());
		System.out.println("您的可透支额度为:"+ acct.getOverdraft());
		acct.withdraw(3000);
		System.out.println("您的账户余额为:" + acct.getBalance());
		System.out.println("您的可透支额度为:"+ acct.getOverdraft());
		
}
}
 19.面向对象之多态性
package 多态性的使用;

public class PersonTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Person p1=new Person();
	    p1.eat();
	    
	    Man man=new Man();
	    man.eat();
	    man.age=25;
	    man.earnMoney();
//===============================================
	    System.out.println("******************************");
	    //对象的多态性,父类的引用指向子类的对象
	    Person p2 =new Man();
	    //多态的使用,当调用子父类同名同参数的方法时,实际执行的是子类重写父类的方法---虚拟方法调用
	    p2.eat();//调出来的是子类Man重写的方法
	    p2.walk();
	    
	  //  Person p3 =new Woman();
	}
}
//=================================================================================================
package 多态性的使用举例;
//多态性的使用举例一
public class AnimalTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		AnimalTest test=new AnimalTest();
		test.func(new Dog());
		test.func(new Cat());
	}
	public void func(Animal animal) {//声明的是animal实际上,Animal animal=new Dog();
		animal.eat();
		animal.shout();
	}
	//有了多态性之后,省去了很多重载方法的设计
//	public void func(Dog dog) {
//		dog.eat();
//		dog.shout();
//	}
//	public void func(Cat cat) {
//		cat.eat();
//		cat.shout();
//	}
}
class Animal{
	public void eat() {
		System.out.println("动物进食");
	}
	public void shout() {
		System.out.println("动物叫");
	}
}
class Dog extends Animal{
	public void eat() {
		System.out.println("狗吃骨头");
	}
	public void shout() {
		System.out.println("汪汪汪");
	}
}
class Cat extends Animal{
	public void eat() {
		System.out.println("猫吃鱼");
	}
	public void shout() {
		System.out.println("喵喵喵");
	}
}
//举例二
class Order{
	public void method(Object obj) {
		
	}
}

 向下转型

package 向下转型的使用

public class PersonTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Person p1=new Person();
	    p1.eat();
	    
	    Man man=new Man();
	    man.eat();
	    man.age=25;
	    man.earnMoney();
//=====================================================================================
	    System.out.println("******************************");
	    //对象的多态性,父类的引用指向子类的对象
	    Person p2 =new Man();
	    //多态的使用,当调用子父类同名同参数的方法时,实际执行的是子类重写父类的方法---虚拟方法调用
	    p2.eat();//调出来的是子类Man重写的方法
	    p2.walk();
	    
	  //  Person p3 =new Woman();
System.out.println("*****************************************************************");
      //不能调用子类所特有的方法、属性,编译时,p2是person的类型
      p2.nameString="Tom";
//      p2.earMonry():
//      p2.isSmoking = true;
      //有了对象的多态性以后,内存中实际上是加载了子类特有的属性和方法,但是由于变量声明为父类类型,
      //导致编译时,只能调用父类中声明的属性和方法,子类特有的属性和方法不能被调用
      
      //如何才能调用子类特有的属性和方法?使用强制类型转换符
      Man m1 = (Man)p2;//向下转型
      m1.isSmoking = true;
      m1.earnMoney();
      
      //使用强转时,可能出现ClassCastException的异常
//      Woman w1=(Woman)p2;
//      w1.goShopping();
      
      //instanceof关键字的使用
      
      if(p2 instanceof Woman) {
    	  Woman w1=(Woman)p2;
    	  w1.goShopping();
    	  System.out.println("*******Woman*******");
      }
      if(p2 instanceof Woman) {
    	  Man m2=(Man)p2;
    	  m2.earnMoney();
    	  System.out.println("*******Woman*******");
      }
      
      //练习“
      //问题一:编译通过,运行时不通过
//举例一     Person p3 = new Woman();
//           Man m3 = (Man)p3;                  出现这种情况 加instanceof
//举例二     Person p4 = new Person();
//           Man m4=(Man)p4;
      //问题二:编译通过,运行时也通过
      Object obj = new Woman();
      Person person = (Person)obj;
	}
}
 关键字:static

1.1、static 的使用
当我们编写一个类时,其实就是在描述其对象的属性和行为,而并没有产生实质上的对象,只有通过 new 关键字才会产生出对象,这时系统才会分配内存空间给对象,其方法才可以供外部调用。

我们有时候希望无论是否产生了对象或无论产生了多少对象的情况下,某些特定的数据在内存空间里

public class StaticTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		Chinese.nation = "中国";
		
		Chinese c1 = new Chinese();
		c1.name = "姚明";
		c1.age = 40;
		c1.nation = "CHN";
		
		Chinese c2 = new Chinese();
		c2.name = "马龙";
		c2.age = 30;
		c2.nation = "CHINA";
		
		System.out.println(c1.nation); 
		
		//编译不通过
//		Chinese.name = "张继科";
		
	}
}
//中国人
class Chinese{
	
	String name;
	int age;
	static String nation;
}

 

public class StaticTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		Chinese.nation = "中国";
		
		Chinese c1 = new Chinese();
		
		//编译不通过
//		Chinese.name = "张继科";
		
		c1.eat();
		
		Chinese.show();
		//编译不通过
//		chinese.eat();
//		Chinese.info();
	}
}
//中国人
class Chinese{
	
	String name;
	int age;
	static String nation;
	
	public void eat(){
		System.out.println("中国人吃中餐");
		//调用非静态结构
		this.info();
		System.out.println("name : " + name);
		//调用静态结构
		walk();
		System.out.println("nation : " + Chinese.nation);
	}
	
	public static void show(){
		System.out.println("我是一个中国人!");
//		eat();
//		name = "Tom";
		//可以调用静态的结构
		System.out.println(Chinese.nation);
		walk();
	}
	
	public void info(){
		System.out.println("name : " + name + ",age : " + age);
	}
	
	public static void walk(){
		
	}
}
 自定义ArrayUtil
public class ArrayUtil {

	// 求数组的最大值
	public static int getMax(int[] arr) {
		int maxValue = arr[0];
		for (int i = 1; i < arr.length; i++) {
			if (maxValue < arr[i]) {
				maxValue = arr[i];
			}
		}
		return maxValue;
	}

	// 求数组的最小值
	public static int getMin(int[] arr) {
		int minValue = arr[0];
		for (int i = 1; i < arr.length; i++) {
			if (minValue > arr[i]) {
				minValue = arr[i];
			}
		}
		return minValue;
	}

	// 求数组总和
	public static int getSum(int[] arr) {
		int sum = 0;
		for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
			sum += arr[i];
		}
		return sum;
	}

	// 求数组平均值
	public static int getAvg(int[] arr) {
		int avgValue = getSum(arr) / arr.length;
		return avgValue;
	}

	//如下两个同名方法构成重载
	// 反转数组
	public static void reverse(int[] arr) {
		for (int i = 0; i < arr.length / 2; i++) {
			int temp = arr[i];
			arr[i] = arr[arr.length - i - 1];
			arr[arr.length - i - 1] = temp;
		}
	}
	
	public void reverse(String[] arr){
		
	}

	// 复制数组
	public static int[] copy(int[] arr) {
		int[] arr1 = new int[arr.length];
		for (int i = 0; i < arr1.length; i++) {
			arr1[i] = arr[i];
		}
		return null;
	}

	// 数组排序
	public static void sort(int[] arr) {
		for (int i = 0; i < arr.length - 1; i++) {
			for (int j = 0; j < arr.length - 1 - i; j++) {
				if (arr[j] > arr[j + 1]) {
//					int temp = arr[j];
//					arr[j] = arr[j + 1];
//					arr[j + 1] = temp;
					//错误的:
//					swap(arr[j],arr[j+1]);
					
					swap(arr,j ,j+1);
				}
			}
		}
	}
	
	//错误的:交换数组中两个指定位置元素的值
//	public void swap(int i,int j){
//		int temp = i;
//		i = j;
//		j = temp;
//	}
	
	//正确的:
	private static void swap(int[] arr,int i,int j){
		int temp = arr[i];
		arr[i] = arr[j];
		arr[j] = temp;
	}

	// 遍历数组
	public static void print(int[] arr) {
		System.out.print("[");
		for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
			System.out.print(arr[i] + ",");
		}
		System.out.println("]");
	}

	// 查找指定元素
	public static int getIndex(int[] arr, int dest) {
		//线性查找
		for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {

			if (dest==arr[i]) {
				return i;
			}

		}
		return -1;
	}

}

 

 

 

 

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