不太简洁，但这是我现在能得到的最好的：
>>> def rollup1(x):... return x.set_index('test')[['grade', 'pass']].to_dict(orient='index')>>> def rollup2(x):... return x.groupby('course').apply(rollup1).to_dict()>>> def rollup3(x):... return x.groupby('study').apply(rollup2).to_dict()>>> df = dat.groupby(['name','age','gender']).apply(rollup3)>>> df.name = 'study'>>> res = df.reset_index(level=[1,2]).to_dict(orient='index')>>> pprint.pprint(res){'Henry': {'age': 31L,'gender': 'Male','study': {'Physics': {'Quantum mechanics': {'Exam1': {'grade': 'C', 'pass': True},'Exam2': {'grade': 'C', 'pass': True}}}}}, 'John': {'age': 24L, 'gender': 'Male', 'study': {'Mathematics': {'Calculus 101': {'Essay': {'grade': 'A', 'pass': True}, 'Exam': {'grade': 'A', 'pass': True}}, 'Calculus 102': {'Exam': {'grade': 'B', 'pass': True}}}, 'Philosophy': {'Aristotelean Ethics': {'Essay': {'grade': 'A', 'pass': True}}}}}}想法是将数据汇总到字典中，同时对数据进行分组以获取“研究”列
更新
我一直在努力，创造更多的通用的解决方案，所以它会为问题的工作像这一个还有：
def rollup_to_dict_core(x, values, columns, d_columns=None): if d_columns is None: d_columns = [] if len(columns) == 1: if len(values) == 1: return x.set_index(columns)[values[0]].to_dict() else: return x.set_index(columns)[values].to_dict(orient='index') else: res = x.groupby([columns[0]] + d_columns).apply(lambda y: rollup_to_dict_core(y, values, columns[1:])) if len(d_columns) == 0: return res.to_dict() else: res.name = columns[1] res = res.reset_index(level=range(1, len(d_columns) + 1)) return res.to_dict(orient='index')def rollup_to_dict(x, values, d_columns=None): if d_columns is None: d_columns = [] columns = [c for c in x.columns if c not in values and c not in d_columns] return rollup_to_dict_core(x, values, columns, d_columns)>>> pprint(rollup_to_dict(dat, ['pass', 'grade'], ['age','gender'])){'Henry': {'age': 31L,'gender': 'Male','study': {'Physics': {'Quantum mechanics': {'Exam1': {'grade': 'C', 'pass': True},'Exam2': {'grade': 'C', 'pass': True}}}}}, 'John': {'age': 24L, 'gender': 'Male', 'study': {'Mathematics': {'Calculus 101': {'Essay': {'grade': 'A', 'pass': True}, 'Exam': {'grade': 'A', 'pass': True}}, 'Calculus 102': {'Exam': {'grade': 'B', 'pass': True}}}, 'Philosophy': {'Aristotelean Ethics': {'Essay': {'grade': 'A', 'pass': True}}}}}}
