Dao层:数据访问层,用于做与数据库交互的事情
如果不将dao层抽取,例如登录功能,所有代码都放到测试类中,使得测试类代码特别臃肿
抽取后,代码分离设计:
main方法中做业务逻辑操作; dao层只做jdbc操作
==============案例: Person数据表的增删改查操作=============
//在测试类中,进行业务逻辑操作
//操作步骤:
//1.创建数据表
//2.新建实体类
//3.编写工具类
//4.将jdbc抽象到dao层
//5.在测试类中编写业务逻辑
------------创建实体类------------
//实体类中的属性要与表字段一致--ORM
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Person {
private int id;
private String name;
private int age;
private Date bornDate;
private String email;
private String address;
}
------------创建测试类------------
public class Test1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("请输入你要进行的操作:1.添加 2.修改 3 删除 4 查所有 5.根据id查");
PersonDaoImpl personDao = new PersonDaoImpl();
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int num = sc.nextInt();
switch (num){
case 1: //添加传对象,一般主键自增长,id不用管
int result = personDao.insert(new Person(0,"ls",20,new Date(),"ls@163.com","湖北"));
System.out.println("插入:"+result);
break;
case 2: //修改传对象,要有修改的主键id,才能修改
result = personDao.update(new Person(2,"ww",44,new Date(),"ww@163.com","江西"));
System.out.println("修改:"+result);
break;
case 3:
result = personDao.delete(1); //删除id
System.out.println("删除:"+result);
break;
case 4: //查询所有,返回List集合
List list = personDao.selectAll();
System.out.println("查所有:"+list);
break;
case 5: //查询单个,往往根据id查,返回实体对象
Person person = personDao.selectById(2);
System.out.println("查对象:"+person);
break;
default:
System.out.println("您的输入有误~");
break;
}
}
}
------------创建dao层操作------------
//dao层--数据访问层(用于做jdbc操作)
public class PersonDaoImpl {
public int insert(Person person) {
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement prst = null;
try {
conn = DBUtils.getConnection();
prst = conn.prepareStatement("insert into person(name,age,bornDate,email,address) values(?,?,?,?,?)");
prst.setString(1,person.getName());
prst.setInt(2,person.getAge());
//sql包下的new Date(参数)可以long类型的毫秒值参数
prst.setDate(3,new Date(person.getBornDate().getTime()));
prst.setString(4,person.getEmail());
prst.setString(5,person.getAddress());
return prst.executeUpdate();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
DBUtils.closeAll(prst,conn);
}
return 0;
}
public int update(Person person) {
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement prst = null;
try {
conn = DBUtils.getConnection();
prst = conn.prepareStatement("update person set name=?,age=? where id=?");
prst.setString(1,person.getName());
prst.setInt(2,person.getAge());
prst.setInt(3,person.getId());
return prst.executeUpdate();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
DBUtils.closeAll(prst,conn);
}
return 0;
}
public int delete(int id) {
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement prst = null;
try {
conn = DBUtils.getConnection();
prst = conn.prepareStatement("delete from person where id=?");
prst.setInt(1,id);
return prst.executeUpdate();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
DBUtils.closeAll(prst,conn);
}
return 0;
}
public Person selectById(int id) {
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement prst = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
conn = DBUtils.getConnection();
prst = conn.prepareStatement("select * from person where id=?");
prst.setInt(1,id);
rs = prst.executeQuery();
if(rs.next()){
String name = rs.getString("name");
int age = rs.getInt("age");
Date bornDate = rs.getDate("bornDate");
String email = rs.getString("email");
String address = rs.getString("address");
return new Person(id,name,age,bornDate,email,address);
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
DBUtils.closeAll(rs,prst,conn);
}
return null;
}
public List selectAll() {
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement prst = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
List list = new ArrayList<>();
try {
conn = DBUtils.getConnection();
prst = conn.prepareStatement("select * from person");
rs = prst.executeQuery();
while(rs.next()){
int id = rs.getInt("id");
String name = rs.getString("name");
int age = rs.getInt("age");
Date bornDate = rs.getDate("bornDate");
String email = rs.getString("email");
String address = rs.getString("address");
list.add(new Person(id,name,age,bornDate,email,address));
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
DBUtils.closeAll(rs,prst,conn);
}
return list;
}
}
2.Service业务层
用于进行业务逻辑分析,一个业务功能可以包含一个或多个dao操作
例如:转账业务-->细化分析
一个业务-->多个dao,判断发送方账户,接收方账户正确性,钱是否足够
最后才能做转账功能--一个账户加钱,另一个用户减钱
以上都是业务分析范畴
===============案例:转账业务功能分解=================
//操作步骤:
//1.创建数据表,插入两条数据
//2.创建实体类Account
//3.创建DBUtils数据库工具类
//4.创建业务层,进行转账业务分析
//5.具体与数据库交互,交给dao层
//6.在测试类中进行测试
---------创建实体类---------
//创建实体类
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Account {
private int id;
private String card;
private String password;
private double money;
}
----------业务逻辑分析-----------
//转账业务类
public class AccountServiceImpl {
private AccountDaoImpl accountDao = new AccountDaoImpl();
//转账的业务功能
public String tansfer(String sendCard,double money,String recvCard,String password){
//1.根据发送方账户,获取对象,如果没有则报异常
Account sendAccount = accountDao.selectCard(sendCard);
if(sendAccount==null){
throw new RuntimeException("发送方账户不存在!");
}
//2.如果有,拿到了对象,看看密码是否正确,金额够不够
if(!password.equals(sendAccount.getPassword())){
throw new RuntimeException("密码错误");
}
if(sendAccount.getMoney()发送方减钱(update),接收方加钱(update)
sendAccount.setMoney(sendAccount.getMoney()-money);
int result = accountDao.update(sendAccount);
System.out.println("发送方修改:"+result);
recvAccount.setMoney(recvAccount.getMoney()+money);
result = accountDao.update(recvAccount);
System.out.println("发送方修改:"+result);
return "转账成功~~!";
}
}
----------数据访问层----------
public class AccountDaoImpl {
public Account selectCard(String card) {
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement prst = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
conn = DBUtils.getConnection();
prst = conn.prepareStatement("select * from account where card=?");
prst.setString(1,card);
rs = prst.executeQuery();
if(rs.next()){
int id = rs.getInt("id");
String password = rs.getString("password");
double money = rs.getDouble("money");
return new Account(id,card,password,money);
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
DBUtils.closeAll(rs,prst,conn);
}
return null;
}
public int update(Account recvAccount) {
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement prst = null;
try {
conn = DBUtils.getConnection();
prst = conn.prepareStatement("update account set money=? where id=?");
prst.setDouble(1,recvAccount.getMoney());
prst.setInt(2,recvAccount.getId());
return prst.executeUpdate();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
DBUtils.closeAll(prst,conn);
}
return 0;
}
}
-------------测试类-------------
public class Test1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
AccountServiceImpl accountService = new AccountServiceImpl();
String res = accountService.tansfer("10010",1000,"10086","123");
System.out.println(res);
}
}
3.事务
案例: 转账功能
发送方减钱
int result = accountDao.update(sendAccount);完成一个功能后,后面的接收方操作无法完成,数据出现问题,如何处理
接收方加钱
result = accountDao.update(recvAccount);
事务:将转账功能的多条SQL语句放入事务中,要么都成功,则提交;要么都失败,则回滚事务如何加?在哪个层次加,为什么?
service层,如果只完成一个SQL语句,则回滚;都完成了则提交;例如
try{
开启事务
发送方减钱
int result = accountDao.update(sendAccount);异常
接收方加钱
result = accountDao.update(recvAccount);
提交事务
}catch(Exception e){
回滚
}
问题1:出现异常后,无法进行回滚
原因:处理事务的连接对象和SQL操作的连接对象不是同一个
解决方案:
1.将事务处理的连接对象传入到dao层,共SQL操作使用--不推荐,容易造成接口污染
2.通过ThreadLocal来确保service和dao层操作同一对象--推荐ThreadLocal的用法类似Map集合,通过键值对存储;
可以在service和dao层中操作同一个共享值,这个共享值就是连接对象问题2:执行完一个SQL,关闭了连接对象;再次执行SQL会报错
解决方案:统一在提交或回滚事务时,才关闭连接对象
==============DBUtils工具类==============
public class DBUtils {
private static Properties p = new Properties();
private static ThreadLocal th = new ThreadLocal<>();
//静态代码块:只加载一次
static{
//反射对象调用getResourceAsStream
//从src目录下获取到db.properties的资源
try {
InputStream is = DBUtils.class.getResourceAsStream("/db.properties");
p.load(is);
Class.forName(p.getProperty("driver"));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static Connection getConnection(){
Connection conn = null;
try {
conn = th.get(); //从ThreadLocal中获取连接对象
if(conn==null){
conn = DriverManager.getConnection(p.getProperty("url"), p.getProperty("username"), p.getProperty("password"));
th.set(conn); //将连接对象存储到ThreadLocal
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return conn;
}
public static void begin() throws SQLException {
Connection conn = getConnection();
conn.setAutoCommit(false); //开启事务
}
public static void commit() throws SQLException {
Connection conn = getConnection();
conn.commit();
closeAll(conn); //关闭资源
}
public static void rollback(){
Connection conn = getConnection();
try {
conn.rollback();
closeAll(conn); //关闭资源
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void closeAll(AutoCloseable...cs){
for(AutoCloseable c : cs){
if(c!=null){
try {
c.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
th.remove(); //移除th对象
}
}
==========转账业务层代码=========
try {
//开启事务
DBUtils.begin(); //开启事务
sendAccount.setMoney(sendAccount.getMoney()-money);
int result = accountDao.update(sendAccount);
System.out.println("发送方修改:"+result);
//int i=1/0; //模拟异常
recvAccount.setMoney(recvAccount.getMoney()+money);
result = accountDao.update(recvAccount);
System.out.println("发送方修改:"+result);
DBUtils.commit(); //提交事务
}catch (Exception e){
System.out.println("事务回滚了");
DBUtils.rollback(); //事务回滚
return "转账失败~~!";
}
return "转账成功~~!";
4.三层架构
什么是三层架构?
与数据库操作的功能,划分了三个层次,分别是:表示层(main),业务层,数据访问层
表示层:
将准备的参数传给业务层,并接收业务层反馈(main)业务层:(接口与实现类)
业务逻辑处理,调用dao层方法,并接收返回结果数据访问层:(接口与实现类)
与数据库的交互操作完整的三层架构的操作步骤:
- 创建实体类
- DBUtils的工具类
- dao层的接口与实现类
- service层的接口与实现类
- 通过测试类进行测试,具体结果反馈,返回到测试类中
注:此处加了接口与实现类,方便后续的扩展与维护
//dao层的jdbc操作有太多的冗余代码
//DaoUtils就是针对dao层代码进行封装,这样可以进行增删改查的复用
----------DaoUtils封装---------
//对dao层的增删改查的jdbc进行优化
public class DaoUtils {
//增删改的封装
//返回值--int(与数据库返回相关)
//参数:增删改中编号的数据抽取到参数-sql,传入数据
public static int commonUpdate(String sql,Object... objs) {
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement prst = null;
try {
conn = DBUtils.getConnection();
prst = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
//有多少个参数,就有多少个Object
for (int i = 0; i < objs.length; i++) {
prst.setObject(i + 1, objs[i]);
}
return prst.executeUpdate();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
DBUtils.closeAll(prst, conn);
}
return 0;
}
//DQL的封装:
//返回值:集合的泛型
//参数:sql, 反射对象,所有参数
public static List commonQuery(String sql,Class clazz,Object...objs){
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement prst = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
List list = new ArrayList<>();
try {
conn = DBUtils.getConnection();
prst = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
for(int i=0;i已知属性名,只要属性名和字段名匹配,则可以注入值
//获取属性名的数组:
//循环遍历取出属性名,并通过属性名充当字段,得到字段内容
T t = clazz.newInstance();
for(Field f:fields){ //获取field对象
Object value = rs.getObject(f.getName()); //字段名一定要与属性名一致
f.setAccessible(true); //开启权限
f.set(t,value); //赋值
}
list.add(t); //将实体对象存入List
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
DBUtils.closeAll(rs,prst,conn);
}
return list;
}
}
----------PersonDaoImpl---------
//dao层--数据访问层(用于做jdbc操作)
public class PersonDaoImpl {
public int insert(Person p) {
String sql = "insert into person(name,age,bornDate,email,address) values(?,?,?,?,?)";
return DaoUtils.commonUpdate(sql,p.getName(),p.getAge(),p.getBornDate(),p.getEmail(),p.getAddress());
}
public int update(Person p) {
String sql = "update person set name=?,age=? where id=?";
return DaoUtils.commonUpdate(sql,p.getName(),p.getAge(),p.getId());
}
public int delete(int id) {
String sql = "delete from person where id=?";
return DaoUtils.commonUpdate(sql,id);
}
public Person selectById(int id) {
String sql = "select * from person where id=?";
List list = DaoUtils.commonQuery(sql,Person.class,id);
if(list.size()>0){
return list.get(0);
}
return null;
}
public List selectAll() {
String sql = "select * from person";
return DaoUtils.commonQuery(sql,Person.class);
}
}
public class UserTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//面向接口编程:
UserService userService = new UserServiceImpl();
List list = userService.selectAll(); //查询所有
}
} 


