二叉树结构常用的一些初始化代码
#include
#include
typedef struct Node{
int data;
Node *leftchild;
Node *rightchild;
}Node;
void InitBinaryTree(Node**root,int elem)
{
*root=(Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));
if(!(*root))
{
printf("Memory allocation for root failed.n");
return;
}
(*root)->data=elem;
(*root)->leftchild=NULL;
(*root)->rightchild=NULL;
}
void InsertNode(Node *root,int elem)
{
Node *newnode=NULL;
Node *p=root,*last_p=NULL;
newnode=(Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));
if(!newnode)
{
printf("Memory allocation for newnode failed.n");
return;
}
newnode->data=elem;
newnode->leftchild=NULL;
newnode->rightchild=NULL;
while(NULL!=p)
{
last_p=p;
if(newnode->datadata)
{
p=p->leftchild;
}
else if(newnode->data>p->data)
{
p=p->rightchild;
}
else
{
printf("Node to be inserted has existed.n");
free(newnode);
return;
}
}
p=last_p;
if(newnode->datadata)
{
p->leftchild=newnode;
}
else
{
p->rightchild=newnode;
}
}
void CreatBinarySearchTree(Node **root,int data[],int num)
{
int i;
for(i=0;i
{
if(NULL==*root)
{
InitBinaryTree(root,data[i]);
}
else
{
InsertNode(*root,data[i]);
}
}
}
根据前序序列、中序序列构建二叉树
函数定义
bt rebuildTree(char *pre, char *in, int len);
参数:
* pre:前序遍历结果的字符串数组
* in:中序遍历结果的字符串数组
len : 树的长度
例如:
前序遍历结果: a b c d e f g h
中序遍历结果: c b e d f a g h
算法思想
- 递归思想,递归的终止条件是树的长度len == 0
- 在中序遍历的数组中找到前序数组的第一个字符,记录在中序数组中的位置index.如果找不到,说明前序遍历数组和中序遍历数组有问题,提示错误信息,退出程序即可;找到index后,新建一个二叉树节点t,t->item = *pre,然后递归的求t的左孩子和有孩子
- 递归的左孩子:void rebuildTree(pre + 1, in, index)
- 递归的右孩子:void rebuildTree(pre + (index + 1), in + (index + 1), len - (index + 1))
实现代码(c语言版)
bt rebuildTree(char *pre, char *in, int len)
{
bt t;
if(len <= 0)
{
//递归终止
t = NULL;
}else
{
//递归主体
int index = 0;
while(index < len && *(pre) != *(in + index))
{
index ++;
}
if(index >= len)
{
printf("前序遍历或者中序遍历数组有问题!n");
exit(-1);
}
t = (struct bintree *)malloc(sizeof(struct bintree));
t->item = *pre;
t->lchild = rebuildTree(pre + 1, in, index);
t->rchild = rebuildTree(pre + (index + 1), in + (index + 1), len - (index + 1));
}
return t;
}
根据中序序列、后序序列构建二叉树
函数定义
btree* rebuildTree(char *order, char *post, int len);
算法思想
中序序列:C、B、E、D、F、A、H、G、J、I
后序序列:C、E、F、D、B、H、J、I、G、A
递归思路:
- 根据后序遍历的特点,知道后序遍历最后一个节点为根节点,即为A
- 观察中序遍历,A左侧CBEDF为A左子树节点,A后侧HGJI为A右子树节点
- 然后递归的构建A的左子树和后子树
实现代码(c代码)
#include#include #include int n; typedef struct btree { struct btree *lchild; struct btree *rchild; char data; } btree; btree* rebuildTree(char *order, char *post, int len) { btree *t; if (len <= 0) { return NULL; } else { int index = 0; while (index < len && *(post + len - 1) != *(order + index)) { index ++; } t = (btree *)malloc(sizeof(btree)); t->data = *(order + index); t->lchild = rebuildTree(order, post, index); t->rchild = rebuildTree(order + index + 1, post + index, len - (index + 1)); } return t; } void preTraverse(btree *t) { if (t) { printf("%c ", t->data); preTraverse(t->lchild); preTraverse(t->rchild); } } int main(void) { int i; char *post, *order; btree *t; while (scanf("%d", &n) != EOF) { post = (char *)malloc(n); order = (char *)malloc(n); getchar(); for (i = 0; i < n; i ++) scanf("%c", order + i); getchar(); for (i = 0; i < n; i ++) scanf("%c", post + i); t = rebuildTree(order, post, n); preTraverse(t); printf("n"); free(post); free(order); } return 0; }



