您的代码已被改编为以下两人游戏。该程序已重组为各种功能，类和方法。没有AI时，控件是相同的。
from tkinter import *from tkinter.font import Fontimport functoolsimport mathimport randomimport time; time.clock = time.perf_counter################################################################################class Pong(Canvas): DEFAULTS = dict(width=640, height=480, background='black', highlightthickness=0) @classmethod def main(cls): root = Tk() root.title('Pong') root.resizable(False, False) root.bind_all('<Escape>', lambda event: root.destroy()) game = cls(Font(family='Book Antiqua', size=15, weight='bold'), 5, 100, background='black', width=640, height=480) game.grid() root.mainloop() def __init__(self, font, lives, fps, master=None, cnf={}, **kw): for item in self.DEFAULTS.items(): kw.setdefault(*item) super().__init__(master, cnf, **kw) self.font = font self.p1 = Paddle(lives, 'blue', 10, self.height, 120, 15, 5) self.p2 = Paddle(lives, 'blue', self.width - 10, self.height, 120, 15, 5) self.wait = 1000 // fps self.separator = Box(Point(self.width // 2 - 2, 0), Point(self.width // 2 + 2, self.height)) self.new_rect(self.separator, 'white') self.bind('<p>', self.pause) self.p1.bind(self, 'w', 's') self.p2.bind(self, 'Up', 'Down') self.draw_high = True self.after_idle(self.startup) self.focus_force() def pause(self, event): if not self.running_startup: self.refresh = self.after_cancel(self.refresh) if self.refresh else self.after_idle(self.animate) def startup(self, countdown=3, target=None): if target is None: self.running_startup = True self.ball = Ball('white', self.width, self.height, 20) self.refresh = None target = time.clock() + countdown for paddle in self.p1, self.p2: paddle.center() self.draw_all() remaining = math.ceil(target - time.clock()) if remaining: self.new_text(Point(self.width >> 1, self.height >> 1), self.random_color(), str(remaining), CENTER) self.after(self.wait, self.startup, None, target) else: self.running_startup = False self.after_idle(self.animate) @classmethod def random_color(cls): return '#{:02X}{:02X}{:02X}'.format(*cls.random_bytes(3)) @staticmethod def random_bytes(n): return bytes(random.randrange(1 << 8) for _ in range(n)) def animate(self): self.move_all() if self.in_bounds(): self.draw_all() self.refresh = self.after(self.wait, self.animate) def move_all(self): for obj in self.p1, self.p2, self.ball: obj.move() if obj is not self.ball: obj.bounce(self.ball) def in_bounds(self): if self.boundary.intersects(self.ball.boundary): return True if (self.p2 if self.ball.position.x > 0 else self.p1).kill(): self.after_idle(self.startup) else: self.draw_all() self.after(5000, self.quit) return False def draw_all(self): self.delete('actor') for obj in self.p1, self.p2, self.ball: obj.render(self) self.render_status() def render_status(self, x_margin=4, y_margin=4): self.draw_high = high = (self.ball.position.y > self.height * 0.25) if self.draw_high else (self.ball.position.y >= self.height * 0.75) if high: self.new_text(self.separator.NW + Point(-x_margin, +y_margin), 'white', self.p1.status, NE) self.new_text(self.separator.NE + Point(+x_margin, +y_margin), 'white', self.p2.status, NW) else: self.new_text(self.separator.SW + Point(-x_margin, -y_margin), 'white', self.p1.status, SE) self.new_text(self.separator.SE + Point(+x_margin, -y_margin), 'white', self.p2.status, SW) def new_rect(self, box, color, tag='static'): self.create_rectangle(box, fill=color, outline=color, tag=tag) def new_oval(self, box, color, tag='static'): self.create_oval(box, fill=color, outline=color, tag=tag) def new_text(self, point, color, text, anchor, tag='actor'): self.create_text(point, fill=color, tag=tag, text=text, anchor=anchor, font=self.font) @property def width(self): return int(self['width']) @property def height(self): return int(self['height']) @property def boundary(self): return Box(Point(0, 0), Point(self.width, self.height))################################################################################def enum(names): return type('enum', (), dict(map(reversed, enumerate( names.replace(',', ' ').split())), __slots__=()))()def copy_sign(x, y): return type(x)(math.copysign(x, y))################################################################################class Paddle: PART = enum('null, upper, center, lower') def __init__(self, lives, color, alignment, board_height, paddle_height, paddle_width, move_by): self.lives = lives self.color = color self.height = board_height self.position = Point(alignment, board_height >> 1) self.size = Point(paddle_width >> 1, paddle_height >> 1) self.move_by = move_by self.score = 0 self.just_bounced = False def kill(self): self.lives -= 1 self.score >>= 1 return self.lives > 0 def center(self): y, middle = self.position.y, self.height >> 1 if y < middle: self.move(down=True) elif y > middle: self.move(up=True) def move(self, *, up=False, down=False): if up or (not down and self.keys.up and self.position.y - self.size.y > 0): self.position -= Point(0, self.move_by) if down or (not up and self.keys.down and self.position.y + self.size.y < self.height): self.position += Point(0, self.move_by) def bounce(self, ball): minimum = self.size.x + ball.radius if self.position.x != ball.position.x and self.overlap(ball, minimum): if not self.just_bounced: self.just_bounced = True self.score += abs(ball.velocity.y) sign = +1 if self.position.x < ball.position.x else -1 if self.collision_area == self.PART.center: ball.position.x = self.position.x + minimum * sign else: ball.position.adjust(self.middle_point, minimum) ball.velocity.x = copy_sign(ball.velocity.x, sign) ball.change_speed() else: self.just_bounced = False def overlap(self, ball, minimum): box = self.boundary if box.intersects(ball.boundary): self.collision_area = self.PART.center elif (self.hi_mid(box) - ball.position).magnitude <= minimum: self.collision_area = self.PART.upper elif (self.lo_mid(box) - ball.position).magnitude <= minimum: self.collision_area = self.PART.lower else: self.collision_area = self.PART.null return self.collision_area def render(self, surface): box = self.boundary surface.new_rect(box, self.color, 'actor') surface.new_oval(Box.from_point(self.hi_mid(box), self.size.x), self.color, 'actor') surface.new_oval(Box.from_point(self.lo_mid(box), self.size.x), self.color, 'actor') def hi_mid(self, boundary): self.middle_point = Point(self.position.x, boundary.a.y) return self.middle_point def lo_mid(self, boundary): self.middle_point = Point(self.position.x, boundary.b.y) return self.middle_point def bind(self, surface, up, down): self.keys = KeyListener(surface, up=up, down=down) @property def boundary(self): return Box.from_point(self.position, self.size) @property def status(self): return 'Lives: {}nScore: {}'.format(self.lives, self.score)Player = Paddle################################################################################class KeyListener: def __init__(self, widget, **kwargs): self.__state = dict.fromkeys(kwargs, False) for name, key in kwargs.items(): widget.bind('<KeyPress-{}>'.format(key), self.__set(name, True)) widget.bind('<KeyRelease-{}>'.format(key), self.__set(name, False)) def __set(self, name, value): def handler(event): self.__state[name] = value return handler def __getattr__(self, name): return self.__state[name]################################################################################class Ball: def __init__(self, color, width, height, size): self.color = color self.board = Point(width, height) self.position = self.board / 2 self.radius = size >> 1 self.velocity = Point(1 - 2 * random.randrange(2), 1 - 2 * random.randrange(2)) self.change_speed() def change_speed(self, max_x=10, max_y=10): speed = self.velocity speed.x = copy_sign(random.randint(1, max_x), speed.x) speed.y = copy_sign(random.randint(1, max_y), speed.y) def move(self): self.position += self.velocity self.bounce() def bounce(self): if self.position.y - self.radius < 0: self.position.y = self.radius self.velocity.y = copy_sign(self.velocity.y, +1) self.change_speed() elif self.position.y + self.radius > self.board.y: self.position.y = self.board.y - self.radius self.velocity.y = copy_sign(self.velocity.y, -1) self.change_speed() def render(self, surface): surface.new_oval(self.boundary, self.color, 'actor') @property def boundary(self): return Box.from_point(self.position, self.radius)################################################################################def autocast(function): @functools.wraps(function) def cast(self, other): if not isinstance(other, self.__class__): other = self.__class__(other, other) return function(self, other) return cast################################################################################class Point(list): def __init__(self, x, y): super().__init__((x, y)) def __repr__(self): return '{}({})'.format(self.__class__.__name__, ', '.join(map(repr, self))) @autocast def __add__(self, other): return self.__class__(self.x + other.x, self.y + other.y) @autocast def __sub__(self, other): return self.__class__(self.x - other.x, self.y - other.y) @autocast def __mul__(self, other): return self.__class__(self.x * other.x, self.y * other.y) @autocast def __truediv__(self, other): return self.__class__(self.x / other.x, self.y / other.y) @autocast def __floordiv__(self, other): return self.__class__(self.x // other.x, self.y // other.y) @autocast def __iadd__(self, other): self.x += other.x self.y += other.y return self @autocast def __isub__(self, other): self.x -= other.x self.y -= other.y return self def __get_x(self): return self[0] def __set_x(self, value): self[0] = value x = property(__get_x, __set_x) def __get_y(self): return self[1] def __set_y(self, value): self[1] = value y = property(__get_y, __set_y) def __get_magnitude(self): return math.hypot(self.x, self.y) def __set_magnitude(self, value): magnitude = self.magnitude self.x *= value / magnitude self.y *= value / magnitude magnitude = property(__get_magnitude, __set_magnitude) def adjust(self, projected_from, distance): vector = self - projected_from vector.magnitude = distance self.x = round(projected_from.x + vector.x) self.y = round(projected_from.y + vector.y)################################################################################class Box(list): @classmethod def from_point(cls, point, extension): return cls(point - extension, point + extension) def __init__(self, a, b): super().__init__((a, b)) def __repr__(self): return '{}({})'.format(self.__class__.__name__, ', '.join(map(repr, self))) def intersects(self, other): return not (self.a.x > other.b.x or other.a.x > self.b.x or self.a.y > other.b.y or other.a.y > self.b.y) def __get_a(self): return self[0] def __set_a(self, value): self[0] = value a = NW = property(__get_a, __set_a) def __get_b(self): return self[1] def __set_b(self, value): self[1] = value b = SE = property(__get_b, __set_b) @property def NE(self): return Point(self.b.x, self.a.y) @property def SW(self): return Point(self.a.x, self.b.y)################################################################################if __name__ == '__main__': Pong.main()Edit: In designing the scoring system, it did not make sense to have a
score and lives. If a player’s score is incremented by one when the opponent
looses, scores could be dropped, and the winner would be the person who did
not loose all lives. If a player’s score is incremented by one each time the
ball is hit, both players will have nearly identical scores throughout the
game, and the scores are fairly meaningless.
I chose to increment a player’s score based on an approximation of how
difficult the ball was to hit. If the ball happened to have a vertical
movement of five and the player hits the ball, then the player’s score is
incremented by five. To add further incentive not to loose lives, a player’s
score is halved upon loosing a life. That also provides ample opportunity for
the other player to catch up in scoring.
As for the weird bouncing, the ball will have a random change in speed each
time it hits an object. The reason for this is that if the ball stayed at the
same speed and bounced normally, it would be very easy to predict where the
ball was going to go, and the game would be too easy. If the player finds no
challenge in the game, being bored and invincible would lead to rapid
abandonment of the game.
The status display moves to the opposite side of the board when the ball gets
close enough so that the status and ball never end up on top of each other,
confusing potential players. The change is triggered by the ball’s moving up
past 25% screen height or the ball’s moving down past 75% screen height. If
there is anything that you feel should be different about the game, please
consider learning Python so that you can modify the game yourself.
