您正在将进程ID传递给带有窗口句柄的函数。您要做的是枚举顶级窗口的句柄，然后将每个窗口映射到一个进程ID。
首先让我们定义ctypes函数原型，以对函数参数进行正确的类型检查。另外，还可用于
use_last_error=True通过获取最安全的错误处理
ctypes.get_last_error。许多Windows函数会针对错误返回0，因此
errcheck在这种情况下只有一个函数很方便
check_zero。
from __future__ import print_functionimport ctypesfrom ctypes import wintypesfrom collections import namedtupleuser32 = ctypes.WinDLL('user32', use_last_error=True)def check_zero(result, func, args): if not result: err = ctypes.get_last_error() if err: raise ctypes.WinError(err) return argsif not hasattr(wintypes, 'LPDWORD'): # PY2 wintypes.LPDWORD = ctypes.POINTER(wintypes.DWORD)WindowInfo = namedtuple('WindowInfo', 'pid title')WNDENUMPROC = ctypes.WINFUNCTYPE( wintypes.BOOL, wintypes.HWND, # _In_ hWnd wintypes.LPARAM,) # _In_ lParamuser32.EnumWindows.errcheck = check_zerouser32.EnumWindows.argtypes = ( WNDENUMPROC, # _In_ lpEnumFunc wintypes.LPARAM,) # _In_ lParamuser32.IsWindowVisible.argtypes = ( wintypes.HWND,) # _In_ hWnduser32.GetWindowThreadProcessId.restype = wintypes.DWORDuser32.GetWindowThreadProcessId.argtypes = ( wintypes.HWND, # _In_ hWnd wintypes.LPDWORD,) # _Out_opt_ lpdwProcessIduser32.GetWindowTextLengthW.errcheck = check_zerouser32.GetWindowTextLengthW.argtypes = ( wintypes.HWND,) # _In_ hWnduser32.GetWindowTextW.errcheck = check_zerouser32.GetWindowTextW.argtypes = ( wintypes.HWND, # _In_ hWnd wintypes.LPWSTR, # _Out_ lpString ctypes.c_int,) # _In_ nMaxCount这是列出可见窗口的功能。它使用一个闭包的回调，
result而不是使用可选
lParam参数。后者将需要转换参数。使用闭包比较简单。
def list_windows(): '''Return a sorted list of visible windows.''' result = [] @WNDENUMPROC def enum_proc(hWnd, lParam): if user32.IsWindowVisible(hWnd): pid = wintypes.DWORd() tid = user32.GetWindowThreadProcessId( hWnd, ctypes.byref(pid)) length = user32.GetWindowTextLengthW(hWnd) + 1 title = ctypes.create_unipre_buffer(length) user32.GetWindowTextW(hWnd, title, length) result.append(WindowInfo(pid.value, title.value)) return True user32.EnumWindows(enum_proc, 0) return sorted(result)
为了完整起见，这是一个列出所有进程ID的函数。这包括属于其他Windows会话的进程（例如，会话0中的服务）。
psapi = ctypes.WinDLL('psapi', use_last_error=True)psapi.EnumProcesses.errcheck = check_zeropsapi.EnumProcesses.argtypes = ( wintypes.LPDWORD, # _Out_ pProcessIds wintypes.DWORD, # _In_ cb wintypes.LPDWORD,) # _Out_ pBytesReturneddef list_pids(): '''Return sorted list of process IDs.''' length = 4096 PID_SIZE = ctypes.sizeof(wintypes.DWORD) while True: pids = (wintypes.DWORD * length)() cb = ctypes.sizeof(pids) cbret = wintypes.DWORd() psapi.EnumProcesses(pids, cb, ctypes.byref(cbret)) if cbret.value < cb: length = cbret.value // PID_SIZE return sorted(pids[:length]) length *= 2例如：
if __name__ == '__main__': print('Process IDs:') print(*list_pids(), sep='n') print('nWindows:') print(*list_windows(), sep='n')MSDN链接：
EnumWindows
IsWindowVisible
GetWindowThreadProcessId
GetWindowTextLength
GetWindowText
EnumProcesses
