java和Vue前后端RSA对称加密

参考：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_25623257/article/details/109775531

一、生成秘钥对（公私钥）

在线生成地址：http://web.chacuo.net/netrsakeypair

public static void genKeyPair() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
	// KeyPairGenerator类用于生成公钥和私钥对，基于RSA算法生成对象
	KeyPairGenerator keyPairGen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
	// 初始化密钥对生成器，密钥大小为96-1024位
	keyPairGen.initialize(1024,new SecureRandom());
	// 生成一个密钥对，保存在keyPair中
	KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGen.generateKeyPair();
	// 得到私钥
	RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();
	// 得到公钥
	RSAPublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();
	String publicKeyString = new String(base64.encodebase64(publicKey.getEncoded()));
	// 得到私钥字符串
	String privateKeyString = new String(base64.encodebase64((privateKey.getEncoded())));
	// 将公钥和私钥保存到Map
	//0表示公钥
	keyMap.put(0,publicKeyString);
	//1表示私钥
	keyMap.put(1,privateKeyString);
}

二、后端加解密

前言：这里使用到base64转码，这里使用 import org.apache.tomcat.util.codec.binary.base64;包下面的，也可以使用阿里支付宝下的 import com.alipay.api.internal.util.codec.base64;。阿里这个需要引入一下jar。


    com.alipay.sdk
    alipay-sdk-java
    4.8.10.ALL

2.1、加密

public static String encrypt( String str, String publicKey ) throws Exception{
	//base64编码的公钥
	byte[] decoded = base64.decodebase64(publicKey.getBytes());
	RSAPublicKey pubKey = (RSAPublicKey) KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA").generatePublic(new X509EncodedKeySpec(decoded));
	//RSA加密
	Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
	cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, pubKey);
	String outStr = base64.encodebase64String(cipher.doFinal(str.getBytes("gbk")));
	return outStr;
}

2.2、解密

public static String decrypt(String str, String privateKey) throws Exception{
	//64位解码加密后的字符串
	byte[] inputByte = base64.decodebase64(str.getBytes("gbk"));
	//base64编码的私钥
	byte[] decoded = base64.decodebase64(privateKey.getBytes());
	RSAPrivateKey priKey = (RSAPrivateKey) KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA").generatePrivate(new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(decoded));
	//RSA解密
	Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
	cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, priKey);
	String outStr = new String(cipher.doFinal(inputByte));
	return outStr;
}

2.3、完整代码

package com.rsa;


import org.apache.tomcat.util.codec.binary.base64;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import java.security.*;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class RSAEncrypt {

	
	private static Map keyMap = new HashMap();

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		//生成公钥和私钥
//		genKeyPair();
		keyMap.put(0,"MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCeKObHDgyYpbI3W/xpXsFjYkelsnYPL8m5YFUGf7/4VJaPCYYTqbv87UNuXytN1qZKD51g20ECxj+4fYtYCABfUzLcPiJmSVVAFuwjPREtSYN3bxLf/pnThWFj159RcCJCGXGjUVkbJximOaLbfI+e8gHVvQWj7N5FiMM7D7UV9QIDAQAB");
		keyMap.put(1,"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");
		//加密字符串
		String message = "df723820";
		System.out.println("随机生成的公钥为:" + keyMap.get(0));
		System.out.println("随机生成的私钥为:" + keyMap.get(1));
		String messageEn = encrypt(message,keyMap.get(0));
		System.out.println("加密前的字符串为:"+message);
		System.out.println("加密后的字符串为:" + messageEn);
		String messageDe = decrypt(messageEn,keyMap.get(1));
		System.out.println("还原后的字符串为:" + messageDe);
	}

	
	public static void genKeyPair() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
		// KeyPairGenerator类用于生成公钥和私钥对，基于RSA算法生成对象
		KeyPairGenerator keyPairGen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
		// 初始化密钥对生成器，密钥大小为96-1024位
		keyPairGen.initialize(1024,new SecureRandom());
		// 生成一个密钥对，保存在keyPair中
		KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGen.generateKeyPair();
		// 得到私钥
		RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();
		// 得到公钥
		RSAPublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();
		String publicKeyString = new String(base64.encodebase64(publicKey.getEncoded()));
		// 得到私钥字符串
		String privateKeyString = new String(base64.encodebase64((privateKey.getEncoded())));
		// 将公钥和私钥保存到Map
		//0表示公钥
		keyMap.put(0,publicKeyString);
		//1表示私钥
		keyMap.put(1,privateKeyString);
	}
	
	public static String encrypt( String str, String publicKey ) throws Exception{
		//base64编码的公钥
		byte[] decoded = base64.decodebase64(publicKey.getBytes());
		RSAPublicKey pubKey = (RSAPublicKey) KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA").generatePublic(new X509EncodedKeySpec(decoded));
		//RSA加密
		Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
		cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, pubKey);
		String outStr = base64.encodebase64String(cipher.doFinal(str.getBytes("gbk")));
		return outStr;
	}

	
	public static String decrypt(String str, String privateKey) throws Exception{
		//64位解码加密后的字符串
		byte[] inputByte = base64.decodebase64(str.getBytes("gbk"));
		//base64编码的私钥
		byte[] decoded = base64.decodebase64(privateKey.getBytes());
        RSAPrivateKey priKey = (RSAPrivateKey) KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA").generatePrivate(new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(decoded));
		//RSA解密
		Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
		cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, priKey);
		String outStr = new String(cipher.doFinal(inputByte));
		return outStr;
	}

}

三、前端加密

官网

jsencrypt ：http://travistidwell.com/jsencrypt/

encryptlong：https://www.npmjs.com/package/encryptlong

3.1、安装依赖并引入方法

安装依赖

npm install jsencrypt --save-dev
npm i encryptlong -S

引入方法

import JSEncrypt from 'jsencrypt'; // 处理长文本数据时报错 jsencrypt.js Message too long for RSA

import Encrypt from 'encryptlong'; // encryptlong是基于jsencrypt扩展的长文本分段加解密功能。

3.2、加密

JSEncrypt加密

rsaPublicData(data) {
    var jsencrypt = new JSEncrypt();
    jsencrypt.setPublicKey(publicKey);
    // 如果是对象/数组的话，需要先JSON.stringify转换成字符串
    var result = jsencrypt.encrypt(data);
    return result;
},

加密

encrypt(data) {
    const PUBLIC_KEY = publicKey;
    var encryptor = new Encrypt();
    encryptor.setPublicKey(PUBLIC_KEY);
    // 如果是对象/数组的话，需要先JSON.stringify转换成字符串
    const result = encryptor.encryptLong(data);
    return result;
},

3.3、解密

JSEncrypt解密

  rsaPrivateData(data) {
    var jsencrypt = new JSEncrypt();
    jsencrypt.setPrivateKey(privateKey);
    // 如果是对象/数组的话，需要先JSON.stringify转换成字符串
    var result = jsencrypt.encrypt(data);
    return result;
  },

解密

decrypt(data) {
    const PRIVATE_KEY = privateKey;
    var encryptor = new Encrypt();
    encryptor.setPrivateKey(PRIVATE_KEY);
    // 如果是对象/数组的话，需要先JSON.stringify转换成字符串
    var result = encryptor.decryptLong(data);
    return result;
}

3.4、两种加解密说明

rsaPublicData和 encrypt加密，使用 decrypt都可以解密，但是 JSEncrypt解密目前不能使用。

这两种加密的秘钥不一样。

3.5、完整代码

四、解决解密后中文乱码问题

机密时将加密前的数据转码了，再将转码后的数据加密。加密的时候解密出来了再转码。

4.1、js转码

var en = encodeURIComponent("需要转码的数据");

encodeURIComponent：js自带的方法。

案例

let pwd = '这是加密的内容2021年12月2日09:28:44';
var en = encodeURIComponent(pwd);
let encoded = this.encrypt(en); // 加密
// 加密后的密文
console.log(encoded);
let decode = this.decrypt(encoded); // 解密
console.log('解密后内容：', decode);

4.2、后端

String result = java.net.URLDecoder.decode("需要转码的数据" ,"UTF-8");

java和Vue前后端RSA对称加密

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