docker安装和基础使用

（个人理解）有三台主机分别是docker客户端，docker host,doker 仓库，其中docker客户端的主机在docker host上面，更符合docker实现功能docker客户端命令docker build(b you d)构建docker pull(po)拉取docker run(rua)运行 当我使用docker命令运行后，会到docker-host，交给主机docker dameon(di meng)容器守护进程，寻找本地镜像有没有镜像，没有去docker仓库去拉取，来启动容器。有的话直接，使用本地镜像启动容器，此过程只需要几秒。

为什么镜像仓库名字是Registry而不是repository？在docker中仓库的名字是以应用的名称取名的。

镜像是静态的，而容器是动态的，容器有其生命周期，镜像与容器的关系类似于程序与进程的关系。镜像类似于文件系统中的程序文件，而容器则类似于将一个程序运行起来的状态，也即进程。所以容器是可以删除的，容器被删除后其镜像是不会被删除的。
（个人理解）registry(rua que s zui)镜像仓库，放了很多镜像,比例说有nginx ,httpd,whidows,centos各种各样独立的镜像。镜像是静态的，容器是动态的。容器可能会挂掉，有使用周期，容器与镜像的关系类似于，执行文件和执行文件执行后状态。镜像可以一直保持不变，但是容器不可能保持不变他会产生日志等数据。

When you use docker, you are creating and using images, containers, networks, volumes, pluginns, and other objects.
当你使用docker时，你正在创建和使用图像、容器、网络、卷、插件和其他对象。
IMAGES
图片
An image is a read-only template with instructions for creating a docker container.
映像是一个只读模板，它带有创建docker容器的指令。
Often, an image is based on another image, with some additional customization.
通常，一个映像基于另一个映像，并具有一些额外的自定义。
You might create your own images or you might only use those created by others and published in a registry.
您可以创建自己的映像，也可以只使用其他人创建并在注册表中发布的映像。
CONTAINERS
容器
A conntainer is a runnable instance of an image.
容器是映像的可运行实例。
You can create, run, stop, move, or delete a container using the docker API or CLI.
您可以通过docker API或CLI创建、运行、停止、移动或删除容器。
You can connect a container to one or more networks, attach storage to it, or even create a new image based on its current state.
您可以将容器连接到一个或多个网络，将存储连接到它，甚至根据它的当前状态创建一个新映像。

[root@102 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@102 yum.repos.d]# curl -o docker-ce.repo https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
[root@102 yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's@https://download.docker.com@https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce@g' docker-ce.repo
[root@102 yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Linux-AppStream.repo
CentOS-Linux-baseOS.repo
CentOS-Linux-ContinuousRelease.repo
CentOS-Linux-Debuginfo.repo
CentOS-Linux-Devel.repo
CentOS-Linux-Extras.repo
CentOS-Linux-FastTrack.repo
CentOS-Linux-HighAvailability.repo
CentOS-Linux-Media.repo
CentOS-Linux-Plus.repo
CentOS-Linux-PowerTools.repo
CentOS-Linux-Sources.repo
docker-ce.repo
[root@102 yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
21 文件已删除
[root@102 yum.repos.d]# yum makecache 
CentOS Linux 8 - AppStream        478 kB/s | 8.1 MB     00:17    
CentOS Linux 8 - baseOS           1.5 MB/s | 3.5 MB     00:02    
CentOS Linux 8 - Extras            12 kB/s |  10 kB     00:00    
Docker CE Stable - x86_64         4.7 kB/s |  19 kB     00:03    
元数据缓存已建立。
[root@102 yum.repos.d]# yum -y install docker-ce
[root@102 yum.repos.d]# systemctl enable --now docker
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.

//docker版本
[root@102 ~]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:           20.10.11
 API version:       1.41
 Go version:        go1.16.9
 Git commit:        dea9396
 Built:             Thu Nov 18 00:36:58 2021
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Context:           default
 Experimental:      true

Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          20.10.11
  API version:      1.41 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.16.9
  Git commit:       847da18
  Built:            Thu Nov 18 00:35:20 2021
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false
 containerd:
  Version:          1.4.12
  GitCommit:        7b11cfaabd73bb80907dd23182b9347b4245eb5d
 runc:
  Version:          1.0.2
  GitCommit:        v1.0.2-0-g52b36a2
 docker-init:
  Version:          0.19.0
  GitCommit:        de40ad0
//[root@102 ~]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:           20.10.11
 API version:       1.41
 Go version:        go1.16.9
 Git commit:        dea9396
 Built:             Thu Nov 18 00:36:58 2021
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Context:           default
 Experimental:      true

Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          20.10.11
  API version:      1.41 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.16.9
  Git commit:       847da18
  Built:            Thu Nov 18 00:35:20 2021
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false
 containerd:
  Version:          1.4.12
  GitCommit:        7b11cfaabd73bb80907dd23182b9347b4245eb5d
 runc:
  Version:          1.0.2
  GitCommit:        v1.0.2-0-g52b36a2
 docker-init:
  Version:          0.19.0
  GitCommit:        de40ad0
  
//docker信息
[root@102 ~]# docker info
Client:
 Context:    default
 Debug Mode: false
 Plugins:
  app: Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)
  buildx: Build with BuildKit (Docker Inc., v0.6.3-docker)
  scan: Docker Scan (Docker Inc., v0.9.0)

Server:
 Containers: 0
  Running: 0
  Paused: 0
  Stopped: 0
 Images: 0
 Server Version: 20.10.11
 Storage Driver: overlay2
  Backing Filesystem: xfs
  Supports d_type: true
  Native Overlay Diff: true
  userxattr: false
 Logging Driver: json-file
 Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
 Cgroup Version: 1
 Plugins:
  Volume: local
  Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
  Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
 Swarm: inactive
 Runtimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux runc
 Default Runtime: runc
 Init Binary: docker-init
 containerd version: 7b11cfaabd73bb80907dd23182b9347b4245eb5d
 runc version: v1.0.2-0-g52b36a2
 init version: de40ad0
 Security Options:
  seccomp
   Profile: default
 Kernel Version: 4.18.0-305.3.1.el8.x86_64
 Operating System: CentOS Linux 8
 OSType: linux
 Architecture: x86_64
 CPUs: 2
 Total Memory: 3.623GiB
 Name: 102
 ID: 46EB:YSAB:QFVU:DAE5:JCY3:5K7N:IIUT:NX66:EY3U:XCYN:D5OW:F3N2
 Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
 Debug Mode: false
 Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
 Labels:
 Experimental: false
 Insecure Registries:
  127.0.0.0/8
 Registry Mirrors:
 Live Restore Enabled: false

docker-ce的配置文件是/etc/docker/daemon.json，此文件默认不存在，需要我们手动创建并进行配置，而docker的加速就是通过配置此文件来实现的。

docker的加速有多种方式：

• docker cn

• 中国科技大学加速器

• 阿里云加速器（需要通过阿里云开发者平台注册帐号，免费使用个人私有的加速器

  systemctl start docker
  //清华大学加速器
  cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json < 
  //阿里云私有加速器配置（前提私有账号）
   
  访问官方网站https://www.aliyun.com/
   
   

[root@102 ~]# tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
> {
>   "registry-mirrors": ["https://xxxxx.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
> }
> EOF
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://xxxxx.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
[root@102 ~]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json 
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://xxxxx.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
[root@102 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload 
[root@102 ~]# systemctl restart docker

//实例

//docker search xxx
[root@102 ~]# docker search nginx
NAME                              DEscriptION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
nginx                             Official build of Nginx.                        15899     [OK]       
jwilder/nginx-proxy               Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con…   2098                 [OK]
richarvey/nginx-php-fpm           Container 
...省略

// docker pull xxx
[root@102 ~]# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
eff15d958d66: Pull complete 
1e5351450a59: Pull complete 
2df63e6ce2be: Pull complete 
9171c7ae368c: Pull complete 
020f975acd28: Pull complete 
266f639b35ad: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:097c3a0913d7e3a5b01b6c685a60c03632fc7a2b50bc8e35bcaa3691d788226e
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest
[root@102 ~]# docker pull busybox
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/busybox
3aab638df1a9: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:52817dece4cfe26f581c834d27a8e1bcc82194f914afe6d50afad5a101234ef1
Status: Downloaded newer image for busybox:latest
docker.io/library/busybox:latest

//docker images
[root@102 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
busybox      latest    d23834f29b38   29 hours ago   1.24MB
nginx        latest    ea335eea17ab   13 days ago    141MB

//docker create xxx
[root@102 ~]# docker create busybox
15fc463740241e461d455f7d7928985e170120a08b63b080a537c6ad4359eb52
[root@102 ~]# docker info
Client:
 Context:    default
 Debug Mode: false
 Plugins:
  app: Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)
  buildx: Build with BuildKit (Docker Inc., v0.6.3-docker)
  scan: Docker Scan (Docker Inc., v0.9.0)

Server:
 Containers: 1
  Running: 0
  Paused: 0
  Stopped: 1
 Images: 2
......省略

//docker ps docker ps -a
[root@102 ~]# docker ps 
ConTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@102 ~]# docker ps -a
ConTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED         STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
15fc46374024   busybox   "sh"      2 minutes ago   Created             elegant_carson

//docker start xxx
#因为类型是sh，执行完成直接停止
[root@102 ~]# docker start 15fc46374024
15fc46374024
[root@102 ~]# docker ps
ConTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
#创建新的nginx容器
[root@102 ~]# docker create nginx
a5e4676a32f3e439aaaa2b9e4324576893eeb153f9c21297a4fb487707b2099e
[root@102 ~]# docker ps -a
ConTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
a5e4676a32f3   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   5 seconds ago   Created                              thirsty_nobel
15fc46374024   busybox   "sh"                     7 minutes ago   Exited (0) 3 minutes ago             elegant_carson
[root@102 ~]# docker start a5e4676a32f3
a5e4676a32f3
[root@102 ~]# docker ps 
ConTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
a5e4676a32f3   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   34 seconds ago   Up 14 seconds   80/tcp    thirsty_nobel
#创建新的busybox 加命令
[root@102 ~]# docker create busybox sleep 9999
de62fd2ae074328d6c92832ef725454fa0d32d7b4acf81917b124b6fc9716e02
[root@102 ~]# docker ps -a
ConTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
de62fd2ae074   busybox   "sleep 9999"             13 seconds ago   Created                              objective_buck
a5e4676a32f3   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 minutes ago    Up 2 minutes               80/tcp    thirsty_nobel
15fc46374024   busybox   "sh"                     9 minutes ago    Exited (0) 6 minutes ago             elegant_carson
[root@102 ~]# docker start de62fd2ae074
de62fd2ae074
[root@102 ~]# docker ps
ConTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
de62fd2ae074   busybox   "sleep 9999"             32 seconds ago   Up 3 seconds             objective_buck
a5e4676a32f3   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   3 minutes ago    Up 2 minutes   80/tcp    thirsty_nobel

//docker restart xxxxx
[root@102 ~]# docker ps
ConTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
de62fd2ae074   busybox   "sleep 9999"             2 minutes ago   Up 2 minutes             objective_buck
a5e4676a32f3   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   5 minutes ago   Up 5 minutes   80/tcp    thirsty_nobel
[root@102 ~]# docker restart a5e4676a32f3
a5e4676a32f3
[root@102 ~]# docker ps
ConTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
de62fd2ae074   busybox   "sleep 9999"             3 minutes ago   Up 2 minutes             objective_buck
a5e4676a32f3   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   5 minutes ago   Up 4 seconds   80/tcp    thirsty_nobel

//docker stop kill xxxx
[root@102 ~]# docker ps
ConTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS              PORTS     NAMES
de62fd2ae074   busybox   "sleep 9999"             5 minutes ago   Up 4 minutes                  objective_buck
a5e4676a32f3   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   7 minutes ago   Up about a minute   80/tcp    thirsty_nobel
[root@102 ~]# docker stop de62fd2ae074
de62fd2ae074
[root@102 ~]# docker ps
ConTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
a5e4676a32f3   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   8 minutes ago   Up 2 minutes   80/tcp    thirsty_nobel
[root@102 ~]# docker ps
ConTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
a5e4676a32f3   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   8 minutes ago   Up 2 minutes   80/tcp    thirsty_nobel
[root@102 ~]# docker kill a5e4676a32f3
a5e4676a32f3
[root@102 ~]# docker ps
ConTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

//docker run [选项] [容器名] [命令]
[root@102 ~]# docker run -it busybox /bin/sh
/ # ls
bin   dev   etc   home  proc  root  sys   tmp   usr   var
/ # ip a
1: lo:  mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
12: eth0@if13:  mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue 
    link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.2/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
/ # exit
[root@102 ~]# docker run -d httpd
Unable to find image 'httpd:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/httpd
eff15d958d66: Already exists 
ba1caf8ba86c: Pull complete 
ab86dc02235d: Pull complete 
0d58b11d2867: Pull complete 
e88da7cb925c: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:1d71eef54c08435c0be99877c408637f03112dc9f929fba3cccdd15896099b02
Status: Downloaded newer image for httpd:latest
ab0f14526973a73065bb487964ef97584ab3fb35e159631664a3ce92a7842de8
[root@102 ~]# docker ps
ConTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND              CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
ab0f14526973   httpd     "httpd-foreground"   59 seconds ago   Up 57 seconds   80/tcp    focused_wu
[root@102 ~]# docker ps
ConTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND              CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
ab0f14526973   httpd     "httpd-foreground"   59 seconds ago   Up 57 seconds   80/tcp    focused_wu
[root@102 ~]# docker inspect ab0f14526973
........省略
                   "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",//容器IP
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]
[root@102 ~]# curl 172.17.0.2
It works!

//docker logs xxxx
[root@102 ~]# docker ps
ConTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND              CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
ab0f14526973   httpd     "httpd-foreground"   5 minutes ago   Up 5 minutes   80/tcp    focused_wu
[root@102 ~]# docker logs ab0f14526973 
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
[Wed Dec 01 09:14:57.307204 2021] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 140493502614848] AH00489: Apache/2.4.51 (Unix) configured -- resuming normal operations
[Wed Dec 01 09:14:57.307392 2021] [core:notice] [pid 1:tid 140493502614848] AH00094: Command line: 'httpd -D FOREGROUND'
172.17.0.1 - - [01/Dec/2021:09:18:59 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 45
[root@102 ~]# curl 172.17.0.2
It works!
[root@102 ~]# curl 172.17.0.2
It works!
[root@102 ~]# docker logs ab0f14526973 
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
[Wed Dec 01 09:14:57.307204 2021] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 140493502614848] AH00489: Apache/2.4.51 (Unix) configured -- resuming normal operations
[Wed Dec 01 09:14:57.307392 2021] [core:notice] [pid 1:tid 140493502614848] AH00094: Command line: 'httpd -D FOREGROUND'
172.17.0.1 - - [01/Dec/2021:09:18:59 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 45
172.17.0.1 - - [01/Dec/2021:09:20:27 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 45
172.17.0.1 - - [01/Dec/2021:09:20:29 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 45

//docker rm xxx
[root@102 ~]# docker ps -a
ConTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS                        PORTS     NAMES
ab0f14526973   httpd     "httpd-foreground"       7 minutes ago    Up 7 minutes                  80/tcp    focused_wu
bd9c8b8ce6f8   busybox   "/bin/sh"                9 minutes ago    Exited (0) 9 minutes ago                elegant_turing
de62fd2ae074   busybox   "sleep 9999"             18 minutes ago   Exited (137) 13 minutes ago             objective_buck
a5e4676a32f3   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   21 minutes ago   Exited (137) 11 minutes ago             thirsty_nobel
15fc46374024   busybox   "sh"                     28 minutes ago   Exited (0) 24 minutes ago               elegant_carson
[root@102 ~]# docker ps -aq
ab0f14526973
bd9c8b8ce6f8
de62fd2ae074
a5e4676a32f3
15fc46374024
[root@102 ~]# docker rm $(docker ps -aq)
bd9c8b8ce6f8
de62fd2ae074
a5e4676a32f3
15fc46374024
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container ab0f14526973a73065bb487964ef97584ab3fb35e159631664a3ce92a7842de8. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove
[root@102 ~]# docker ps -a
ConTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND              CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
ab0f14526973   httpd     "httpd-foreground"   8 minutes ago   Up 8 minutes   80/tcp    focused_wu

//docker attach xxxx
[root@102 ~]# docker run -itd busybox sleep 6666
becd714e60eaab9215f4cfc9375980ec4c973485668047a79feada601e486c9d
[root@102 ~]# docker ps
ConTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND              CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
becd714e60ea   busybox   "sleep 6666"         10 seconds ago   Up 10 seconds             vibrant_volhard
ab0f14526973   httpd     "httpd-foreground"   10 minutes ago   Up 10 minutes   80/tcp    focused_wu
[root@102 ~]# docker attach becd714e60ea
#进去发现卡在哪里

#退出只有一个结果终止后台

//docker exec
[root@102 ~]# docker ps
ConTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND              CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
ab0f14526973   httpd     "httpd-foreground"   15 minutes ago   Up 15 minutes   80/tcp    focused_wu
[root@102 ~]# docker exec -it ab0f14526973 /bin/bash
root@ab0f14526973:/usr/local/apache2# exit
exit
[root@102 ~]# docker ps
ConTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND              CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
ab0f14526973   httpd     "httpd-foreground"   15 minutes ago   Up 15 minutes   80/tcp    focused_wu
#退出发现后台没有退出