find_module并且
load_module都已弃用。您需要分别切换到
find_spec和（
create_module和
exec_module）模块。有关详细信息，请参见
importlib
文档。
您还需要检查是否要使用a
metaPathFinder或a，
PathEntryFinder因为调用它们的系统有所不同。也就是说，元路径查找器排在第一位，并且可以覆盖内置模块，而路径条目查找器专门用于在上找到的模块
sys.path。
以下是一个非常基础的进口商，试图替换整个进口机器。它展示了如何使用功能（
find_spec，
create_module，和
exec_module）。
import sysimport os.pathfrom importlib.abc import Loader, metaPathFinderfrom importlib.util import spec_from_file_locationclass MymetaFinder(metaPathFinder): def find_spec(self, fullname, path, target=None): if path is None or path == "": path = [os.getcwd()] # top level import -- if "." in fullname: *parents, name = fullname.split(".") else: name = fullname for entry in path: if os.path.isdir(os.path.join(entry, name)): # this module has child modules filename = os.path.join(entry, name, "__init__.py") submodule_locations = [os.path.join(entry, name)] else: filename = os.path.join(entry, name + ".py") submodule_locations = None if not os.path.exists(filename): continue return spec_from_file_location(fullname, filename, loader=MyLoader(filename), submodule_search_locations=submodule_locations) return None # we don't know how to import thisclass MyLoader(Loader): def __init__(self, filename): self.filename = filename def create_module(self, spec): return None # use default module creation semantics def exec_module(self, module): with open(self.filename) as f: data = f.read() # manipulate data some way... exec(data, vars(module))def install(): """Inserts the finder into the import machinery""" sys.meta_path.insert(0, MymetaFinder())接下来是一个稍微精致的版本，尝试重用更多的导入机制。这样，您只需要定义如何获取模块源即可。
import sysfrom os.path import isdirfrom importlib import invalidate_cachesfrom importlib.abc import SourceLoaderfrom importlib.machinery import FileFinderclass MyLoader(SourceLoader): def __init__(self, fullname, path): self.fullname = fullname self.path = path def get_filename(self, fullname): return self.path def get_data(self, filename): """exec_module is already defined for us, we just have to provide a way of getting the source pre of the module""" with open(filename) as f: data = f.read() # do something with data ... # eg. ignore it... return "print('hello world')" return dataloader_details = MyLoader, [".py"]def install(): # insert the path hook ahead of other path hooks sys.path_hooks.insert(0, FileFinder.path_hook(loader_details)) # clear any loaders that might already be in use by the FileFinder sys.path_importer_cache.clear() invalidate_caches()
